Technical Survey Research Articles

Моделирование процесса износа кирпичных зданий

The main damages in brick structures of buildings are considered. The purpose of the work is to analyze the results of a technical examination of the building structures of a residential building, with the subsequent development of proposals for their restoration and strengthening. The object of the study is the brick structures of the house. The process of organizing a technical survey of brick residential buildings, which allows to determine the procedure for collecting and storing data, is considered. Modern solutions for the restoration of building structures are proposed. The physical deterioration of the apartment building was determined and recommendations were given for the elimination of brickwork defects.

3-D Digital Modeling and Giuliano da Sangallo's Designs for Santa Maria delle Carceri in Prato

In 3-D Digital Modeling and Giuliano da Sangallo’s Designs for Santa Maria delle Carceri in Prato, Sabine Frommel, Marco Gaiani, and Simone Garagnani examine one of the most representative central-plan churches of Renaissance Italy. Their study is based on the examination of an original drawing by the architect of Santa Maria delle Carceri, Giuliano da Sangallo, as well as several recent technical surveys of the existing building. Introducing a specific methodology based on documents, reference studies, and digital three-dimensional models, the authors reconstruct Sangallo’s design methods by comparing the volume and proportions of the church as documented in the drawing against the building as it stands today. By making use of a digital reconstruction of the building generated through a series of 3-D models, they are able to shed light on Sangallo’s original design concepts as they were applied to the church prior to subsequent alterations.

Problems and disadvantages of the existing evaluation system of thermomodernization projects of construction objects

The article considers the topical issue of thermal modernization of residential buildings and social facilities is an important area of research, but in the implementation of such projects there are many obstacles of organizational and administrative nature, which currently hinder the implementation of projects to improve energy efficiency of buildings and structures. and the systematization of which will allow to develop measures to eliminate existing barriers, and thus improve the attractiveness and accessibility of thermal modernization projects for the population and other stakeholders.
 The main stages of thermal modernization are systematized in accordance with the provisions of the current legislative and regulatory framework, the place of thermal modernization measures in the sequence of implementation of investment and construction projects is determined.
 It is determined that the main types of construction in which thermal modernization is carried out are capital repairs, reconstruction and technical re-equipment, but thermal modernization measures can be carried out during the current repair. Current repairs are not a type of construction, and therefore it is not subject to laws and regulations in the field of construction, and therefore the organization and implementation of such works from the standpoint of the requirements of legislation and regulations is the simplest.
 The following obstacles and barriers were identified during the development of the thermal modernization project, namely: the order of performance of the technical condition survey and energy audit is not legally established (in practice these are two unrelated actions, the result of which are not related technical reports analyzed by the designer. design), the stages of thermal modernization are not linked to a single methodology, given in separate documents, and therefore require special professional knowledge, not sufficiently reflected stages of preparation of thermal modernization at the stage of pre-design work, while at this stage decisions must be made , providing the required level of energy efficiency for the customer, technical and economic indicators of the project.

Geomechanical Characterization of a Rock Cliff Hosting a Cultural Heritage through Ground and UAV Rock Mass Surveys for Its Sustainable Fruition

In mountainous areas around the world, dealing with rockfalls means facing some technical survey difficulties due to the low accessibility of areas and the height of slopes. If a cultural heritage is also threatened by such mass movement, the need of specific survey solutions, even in a combined asset, is required. This paper deals with the integration of ground and UAV rock mass surveys aimed at defining the rockfall attitude of an unstable rock cliff sector hosting an example of cultural heritage in tourist area of southern Italy, whose fruition has already been threatened by the occurrence of rockfalls. As an example of the defensive architecture of XII and XIII centuries, the Saracen Castle in Taormina is reached by hundreds of visitors each year, but its access path and the surrounding area are threatened by the unstable condition of the cliff, hosting unstable rock volumes on kinematically critical planes. In order to achieve a reliable geostructural setting of the cliff, aiming at its possible securing through proper mitigation works, ground rock mass surveys could not provide enough information due to the bad accessibility of the rock faces. Therefore, a survey by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, with a reliable verified accuracy, was carried out to map the discontinuity planes especially occurring at the highest portions of the cliff, achieving geostructural data of different fronts of the cliff. Ground and aerial data were combined and statistically analyzed to define the main kinematic failure patterns. In this perspective, a critical comparison between the two employed surveying methodologies is proposed herein, highlighting that both approaches are affected by potential and limitations and that the integration of the mutual dataset represents a suitable solution for a complete rock mass characterization in this type of areas. Furthermore, rockfall simulations allowed ascertaining that potential falling blocks would cross the access path to the castle, thus representing a natural threat to the fruition of cultural heritage, thus proving the need of mitigation measures to ensure the safe fruition of the cultural heritage.

Bio-signal data sharing security through watermarking: a technical survey

Due to smart healthcare systems highly connected information and communications technologies, sensitive medical information and records are easily transmitted over the networks. However, stealing of healthcare data is increasing crime every day to greatly impact on financial loss. In order to this, researchers are developing various cost-effective bio-signal based data hiding techniques for smart healthcare applications. In this paper, we first introduce various aspects of data hiding along with major properties, generic embedding and extraction process, and recent applications. This survey provides a comprehensive survey on data hiding techniques, and their new trends for solving new challenges in real-world applications. Then, we survey the various notable bio-signal based data hiding techniques. The summary of some notable techniques in terms of their objective, type of data hiding, methodology and database used, performance metrics, important features, and limitations are also presented in tabular form. At the end, we discuss the major issues and research directions to explore the promising areas for future research.

Development of approaches to technical inspection of is “green” buildings

The article is devoted to the consideration of the issues and methodology of the development of the technical survey of the building constructed with the use of “green” technologies. The implementation of investment and construction projects of this kind over the past decade is gaining more and more popularity in our country. This is largely due to several factors, including the need to save energy resources, reduce utility costs, increase the comfort and safety of people living or working in such buildings, and take care of the environment. To date, the greatest interest in the implementation of “green” investment and construction projects is the implementation of office, retail, sports and warehouse facilities. The construction of residential buildings is not yet as popular as in Western countries, but there is a trend towards its development. There are a number of foreign and Russian standards that allow you to certify a building for the assignment of the status of a “green” object. Methods of scoring in the presented standards (BREEAM, LEED and GREEN ZOOМ) mainly focused on energy efficiency, safety, comfort, an important environmental aspects of construction, however, almost no technical component and verification algorithms of structural elements of the building. Carrying out a high-quality technical survey is a prerequisite for making a decision on the reconstruction, re-profiling or repair of the object. In conducting these activities should take into account the fact that the engineer needs to spend not just a “green” technical survey and study taking into account the specific “green” technologies, including to identify design features of the building, to conduct a detailed examination of all utilities, to identify the effectiveness of the functioning and relevance of using specific design elements (if any), to develop arrangements for the repair, conversion or renovation with regard to maintaining or certification. Within the framework of the presented article, the authors identified problems, developed a comprehensive algorithm for conducting a technical survey of a building built with the use of "green" technologies, and gave methodological recommendations.

A Technical Survey on the Modeling of Topical Bot

This paper explains the working of the conversational AI models and their characteristic features. The primary objective of this paper is to let the readers know about what topical chats are and how they work. Topical chats have huge data/knowledge stored in them for making the conversation interactive and engaging with humans. The first-generation conversational AI models were simply focused on short task-oriented dialogs, such as telling jokes, the weather of the day, or playing songs. But now advanced models can have everyday smooth conversations. These models are built to understand different languages and their different accents. These models can identify whether the user is female/male/other, detect the change in the user’s emotion during the conversation and switch the topic of discussion accordingly. Building a conversational AI model has been a challenging task for researchers as well as the developers as they require deep knowledge in NLU, ASR, LM, Semantics, etc. Understanding human emotions and sentiments is a difficult task for an AI model. Recognizing the speech and giving a sensible response is challenging too. But nowadays AI models are so developed that they can even differentiate between good words and slang words.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ АЭРОФОТОСЪЕМКИ И ВОЗДУШНОГО ЛАЗЕРНОГО СКАНИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ РИСОВЫХ СИСТЕМ

The article discusses the use of digital aerial photography and aircraft laser scanning to assess the state of rice systems. An analysis of the state of affairs in rice growing shows that today there is not enough financial resources not only for the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of outdated elements of rice systems, updating technologies and equipment in accordance with the achievements of science and best practices, but also to maintain the existing technical level of the systems. The article presents the results of a study of planning technology options and the prospects for its improvement based on the introduction of laser control systems. Rational use of water, material and labor resources is the main reserve for increasing the efficiency of rice systems. The resource-saving potential contributes to the intensification of the production activities of water users. Rice is the most productive and most water-intensive crop. Rice cultivation in Russia was most widespread in the Kuban, occupying a technologically advanced position. Rice irrigation systems occupy once unproductive lands with a thin humus horizon, with a low humus content and unfavorable water-physical properties, prone to swimming and the formation of a surface soil crust. Research has shown that significant improvements in planning quality in the construction of rice paddies can be achieved with laser control systems. As part of the modern development of aerial survey work, a network of base stations, reference and control points is being created to conduct a technical survey of the structures of the rice system. Measurements are made using GNSS satellite measurements. The distance between base stations is no more than 60 km, between control points – no more than 20 km. At each 20-kilometer aerial survey site, it is necessary to provide four planned altitude landmarks and one control point. Identification marks and control points should be applied on the ground, the coordinates of these points should be determined by instrumental geodetic methods for conducting a technical survey of the structures of rice systems.

Antecedentes da intenção empreendedora: uma perspectiva com alunos da pós graduação

Entrepreneurial intent is defined as a personal trait that precedes a behavior and can be a state of mind in which the individual is directed toward something he wishes to achieve or to form moments before the realization of an idea. Knowing the entrepreneurial intent, differences and similarities between the attitudes of individuals can lead us to the reasons that lead them to undertake. The objective of this research was to analyze the entrepreneurial intention in the dimensions of personal attitudes, subjective norms and perception of planning control, based on a sample of 107 postgraduate students from the Federal University of Santa Maria. The research method is applied in nature, with quantitative approach, with exploratory and descriptive objectives. The technical survey of data was used using structural equation modeling from three hypotheses, where only hypothesis H1 (Personal Attitudes are directly and positively related to Planning Control Perception) was confirmed, H2 (Subjective Norms if directly and positively related to Planning Control Perception) and H3 (Subjective Norms directly and positively related to Personal Attitudes) were rejected.

Development of the Theory of the Functions of Real Variables in the First Decades of the Twentieth Century


 In (Biacino 2018) the evolution of the concept of a real function of a real variable at the beginning of the twentieth century is outlined, reporting the discussions and the polemics, in which some young French mathematicians of those years as Baire, Borel and Lebesgue were involved, about what had to be considered a genuine real function. In this paper a technical survey of the arising function and measure theory is given with a particular regard to the contribution of the Italian mathematicians Vitali, Beppo Levi, Fubini, Severini, Tonelli etc … and also with the purpose of exposing the intermediate steps before the final formulation of Radom-Nicodym-Lebesgue Theorem and the Italian method of calculus of variations.

Methods for Rock-hewn Worksite Analysis: The Church of Göreme n° 4b (Cappadocia): A Case Study

Some rock-hewn structures present oddities in their layout, far from the models shared by the majority of similar monuments. These particularities challenge and question the very process of their design. While a technical survey may explain part of these singular cases, a careful comparative selection of the available methods remains paramount to draw a complete picture of the progress and organisation of these peculiar worksites. Goreme n° 4b is a rock-hewn church located on a ridge on the w...

Current status of technology-use for plantation re-establishment in South Africa

Plantation re-establishment is a key component of silviculture as it deals with the creation of a suitable environment when planting or seeding a stand. Re-establishment practices include slash management, site preparation, marking and preparation of a planting position, planting, fertilisation and vegetation management. Over the past decade, there has been a shift towards mechanising re-establishment activities primarily due to labour challenges such as: aging rural workforce; increasing labour costs; high labour turnover; problematic health issues leading to lower productivity; inconsistent work quality by manual labour; and poor ergonomic practices. A survey was conducted to assess and gauge the level of mechanisation within these re-establishment practices in South Africa. Responses to an e-mail questionnaire were received from 43 contractors and 11 grower companies from within the different provinces where commercial forestry is practiced in South Africa. The survey, a first of its kind, was designed and administered following the techniques used in conducting the Forest Engineering technical survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The results showed that the total area re-planted by respondent contractors and grower companies was ± 36 923 ha–1 per year. The predominant activities conducted prior to planting comprised: burning (78%); marking a planting position using the baseline method (71%); preparation of a planting position using a road pick (57%) and pre-plant chemical weeding with a knapsack (70%). Furthermore, 45% of planting and 77% of blanking operations were carried out manually with a trowel. Post planting activities such as fertilizing and weeding were carried out through manual spot application of fertiliser (61%) and herbicide application with a knapsack (43%). Overall, the results indicated that typical re-establishment activities are still dominated by manual methods. This study is a baseline for future, periodic surveys that can be conducted to analyse trends and identify areas for improvement in re-establishment activities in South Africa.

WITHDRAWN: A technical survey on various machine learning approaches for Parkinson’s disease classification

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neuro- degenarative disease caused due to decreased dopamine secretion. In the recent years, it has become a universal health problem. Predicting the cause of the problem at the earlier stage will help to stop the severity of the disease. Several machine learning algorithms were tested to enhance the accuracy in Parkinson’s disease prediction among suspected individuals. This paper presents a comprehensive review on several machine learning algorithms used for the prediction and classification of the Parkinson’s disease. Details of results which are given by many researchers available in literature for the prediction process is also provided in this review.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO THE RESPONSE OF HISTORICAL STRUCTURE TO THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL SEISMICITY

The article presents the evaluation a building technical survey of a damaged historic rectory building in Luby near Cheb, it analyses the damage and proposes conceptual ideas for the rehabilitation design of a historic building damaged by the effects of natural seismicity applying the results and outputs of the NAKI II research project.

Tritium Entry Into the Atmosphere with Emissions from NPP-VVER and Population Irradiation Dose Assessment

Tritium emissions from NPP with VVER were estimated based on radiation and technical survey data. It is shown that the population in the NPP-VVER observation zone consumes a significant amount of imported food products, so that equality is not reached between the specific activity of tritium in the water of human tissues and atmospheric water. Taking this into account, an evidenced model is developed for reducing the conservatism in the estimation of the yearly dose from standard tritium emissions from NPP as compared with the currently operative procedures and recommendations. The estimated yearly irradiation dose to the critical group of the population from tritium emissions is as follows at NPP (μSv/yr): 0.09 Balakovo, 0.07 Rostov, 0.06 Novovoronezh, 0.04 Kalinin, and 0.015 Kola. The contribution of tritium emission from the spray-cooling pools at the NPP in Balakovo and Rostov in the yearly population irradiation dose is estimated.

Typing winegrower profiles to ease agroecological change in viticulture practices in the Loire Valley, France

ABSTRACT Viticulture is a perennial agricultural system that is rooted in tradition but must also adapt to change (e.g. climate change, authorized rate of pesticide uses in the European Union). Viticulture includes a variety of practices whose objective is to produce wine grapes. To help viticulture systems adapt to changes, both field viticulture practices and value chain activities within winegrower networks must be considered. Here, we used socioeconomic and technical surveys to investigate these potential influences on winegrowers’ decision-making in regard to adapting to changes, so as to develop a typology of winegrowers in the Loire Valley, France. The surveys were conducted in 2010 with 37 winegrowers managing 56 fields. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use this method to quantify viticulture networks. Our results showed that winegrowers within the same networks share similar behavioural patterns, with non-harvest viticulture practices (e.g. vine density planting, number of buds) characterizing winegrower profiles. Further, our typology reveals viable options for changing practices in a manner that aligns with the sociocultural characteristics of each profile. Agricultural extension services can especially make use of this typology as a starting point to help winegrowers adapt to changes in a more personalized and successful way.

Literature Review and Technical Survey on Bridge Inspection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

AbstractThis paper aims to summarize central findings from a literature review and technical survey on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) techniques for bridge inspection and damage quantification. This...

Ambient Vibration as a Basis for Determining the Structural Behaviour of Watchtowers against Horizontal Loads in Southeast Spain

The Kingdom of Granada occupied the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, what today would be the current Spanish provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria. Having succeeded the Nasrid kingdom of Granada (1238–1492), it remained a geographical and administrative unit until 1834, defended from the advancement of Castilian troops by means of a large network of watchtowers located principally along its inland border. Following the Castilian conquest of Granada, the extensive coastline was also strengthened with a network of towers and fortifications that were progressively adapted to house artillery. A technical survey focusing on the characteristics of their geometrics and construction, as well as their performance in a series of non-destructive tests, such as ambient vibration testing, was undertaken to study the towers’ mechanical strength against both gravitational and seismic loads. The results propose a numerical estimate that defines the fundamental frequency of this type of structure, which in turn can be used to approximate the mechanical properties of the masonry. Such a precise definition based on objective data enables accurate and rigorous numerical analysis of this defensive architecture, thus reducing uncertainties. Furthermore, slenderness is found to be a relevant parameter for adjusting fundamental frequency and for analysing the towers’ historical evolution, enabling their initial height and number of levels to be estimated.

Mathematical programming formulations for the alternating current optimal power flow problem

Power flow refers to the injection of power on the lines of an electrical grid, so that all the injections at the nodes form a consistent flow within the network. Optimality, in this setting, is usually intended as the minimization of the cost of generating power. Current can either be direct or alternating: while the former yields approximate linear programming formulations, the latter yields formulations of a much more interesting sort: namely, nonconvex nonlinear programs in complex numbers. In this technical survey, we derive formulation variants and relaxations of the alternating current optimal power flow problem.

Engineering solutions for the reinforced concrete structures’ reinforcement of a multi-storey administrative amenity buildings

The paper considers the reinforced concrete structures’ reinforcement of an administrative industrial amenity building facility that received damage during their operation. The main results of the technical survey of the facility are described with a description of the structural damages’ possible causes. The proposed atypical reinforcement of the load-bearing structures contains the changes in some design solutions in two versions, which ensure the facility’s further safe operation. Based on the performed analytical calculation, the design solutions to restore local damage and deformation, as well as to ensure the overall spatial rigidity of the structure have been developed. The technology for performing restoration work is described in detail.