Principle Of Technique Research Articles

Application of Machine Learning in Human-Computer Intelligent Confrontation

Human-computer intelligent confrontation is a widely used technique in a lot of game scenarios, and the artificial intelligence makes a lot of success in different fields. The level of artificial intelligence improves quickly with the development of machine learning. Machine learning refers to enhancing the capabilities of artificial intelligence through the interaction of machines and data. Among all kinds of machine learning, the most famous one is deep reinforced learning. This technology is currently widely used in human-computer confrontations. This article introduces the technical principles of machine learning and reviews the development history of machine learning theory. Besides, this article introduces the application of machine learning in the two important competitive fields of Go and Texas Hold’em, as well as its development and achievements in these two areas. This article can enable other scholars to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of machine learning and its applications in Go and Texas Hold’em.

CT coronary fractional flow reserve based on artificial intelligence using different software: a repeatability study

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the consistency of various CT-FFR software, to determine the reliability of current CT-FFR software, and to measure relevant influence factors. The goal is to build a solid foundation of enhanced workflow and technical principles that will ultimately improve the accuracy of measurements of coronary blood flow reserve fractions. This improvement is critical for assessing the level of ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods103 participants were chosen for a prospective research using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) assessment. Heart rate, heart rate variability, subjective picture quality, objective image quality, vascular shifting length, and other factors were assessed. CT-FFR software including K software and S software are used for CT-FFR calculations. The consistency of the two software is assessed using paired-sample t-tests and Bland-Altman plots. The error classification effect is used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe CT-FFR measurements differed significantly between the K and S software, with a statistical significance of P < 0.05. In the Bland-Altman plot, 6% of the points (14 out of 216) fell outside the 95% consistency level. Single-factor analysis revealed that heart rate variability, vascular dislocation offset distance, subjective image quality, and lumen diameter significantly influenced the discrepancies in CT-FFR measurements between two software programs (P < 0.05). The ROC curve shows the highest AUC for the vessel shifting length, with an optimal cut-off of 0.85 mm.ConclusionCT-FFR measurements vary among software from different manufacturers, leading to potential misclassification of qualitative diagnostics. Vessel shifting length, subjective image quality score, HRv, and lumen diameter impacted the measurement stability of various software.

Research on Software Vulnerability Detection Methods Based on Deep Learning

This paper aims to investigate software vulnerability detection methods based on deep learning to address the ever-growing challenges in software security. With the rapid development of information technology, software vulnerabilities have become the primary targets of cyberattacks, posing severe threats to economic, military, and social security. By analyzing the limitations of existing software vulnerability detection methods, this paper explores the potential applications of deep learning technology in this field. Through a literature review, relevant theories of software vulnerabilities are introduced, including the concept, types, and impacts of vulnerabilities. Subsequently, detailed descriptions of deep learning-based vulnerability detection methods are provided, encompassing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and their variant LSTM, as well as the application of program slicing techniques in vulnerability detection. By evaluating and improving existing deep learning models, a novel deep learning-based vulnerability detection framework is proposed, with its workflow and technical principles elaborated. The proposed deep learning-based vulnerability detection method can effectively enhance the accuracy and efficiency of software vulnerability detection, reduce reliance on expert knowledge, and lower human resource costs. Experimental results demonstrate that this method performs exceptionally well on multiple datasets, indicating broad application prospects and significant research value. The deep learning-based software vulnerability detection method offers new insights and tools for addressing current software security challenges. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of deep learning technology, this method will play an even more crucial role in the field of software vulnerability detection.

Naked-eye light field display technology based on mini/micro light emitting diode panels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The light field display technology based on panel light modulation has obvious industrial advantages. However, light field displays still causes discomfort for users in practical applications, due to issues such as angle of view, number of viewpoints, and crosstalk, etc. As a new type of high performance 2D display technology, mini/micro light emitting diode (MLED) has the potential to provide higher quality 3D display effects, but it may also bring new technological challenges. This paper provides a detailed investigation of technical principles and the latest research progress in light field display technology based on panel light modulation, and analyzes the industrial and academic research difficulties, which are brought about by the combination of MLED and naked-eye light field display. This paper is the first to complete a technical review specifically focused on MLED and naked-eye light field display, which is expected to accelerate the technological development and application process of naked-eye light field display based on MLED panels.

Evaluation of a reduced-pressure chemical ion reactor utilizing adduct ionization for the detection of gaseous organic and inorganic species

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile inorganic compounds (VICs) provide critical information across many scientific fields including atmospheric chemistry and soil and biological processes. Chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for tracking these chemically complex and temporally variable compounds in a variety of laboratory and field environments. It is particularly powerful with time-of-flight mass spectrometers, which can measure hundreds of compounds in a fraction of a second and have enabled entirely new branches of VOC and/or VIC research in atmospheric and biological chemistry. To accurately describe each step of these chemical, physical, and biological processes, measurements across the entire range of gaseous products is crucial. Recently, chemically comprehensive gas-phase measurements have been performed using many CI mass spectrometers deployed in parallel, each utilizing a different ionization method to cover a broad range of compounds. Here we introduce the recently developed Vocus AIM (adduct ionization mechanism) ion–molecule reactor (IMR), which samples trace vapors in air and ionizes them via chemical ionization at medium pressures. The Vocus AIM supports the use of many different reagent ions of positive and negative polarity and is largely independent of changes in the sample humidity. Within the present study, we present the performance and explore the capabilities of the Vocus AIM using various chemical ionization schemes, including chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), iodide (I−), nitrate (NO3-), benzene cations (C6H6+), acetone dimers ((C3H6O)2H+), and ammonium (NH4+) reagent ions, primarily in laboratory and flow tube experiments. We report the technical characteristics and operational principles, and compare its performance in terms of time response, humidity dependence, and sensitivity to that of previous chemical ionization approaches. This work demonstrates the benefits of the Vocus AIM reactor, which provides a versatile platform to characterize VOCs and VICs in real time at trace concentrations.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Animal Nutrition: Historical Insights, Technical Principles, and Practical Applications

Optimizing forage quality is vital for enhancing animal performance and supporting the global animal production industry. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers a rapid, non-destructive alternative to traditional, time-intensive laboratory analyses, enabling the on-site assessment of forage properties with significant advantages in cost, speed, and environmental impact. This review traces the development of NIR spectroscopy, outlines its core principles, and highlights its applications in animal nutrition. Additionally, it discusses the current technological state, challenges, and future prospects, emphasizing NIR’s growing role in promoting more sustainable and efficient animal production systems.

Design and Implementation of USB Key System Based on Dual-Factor Identity Authentication Protocol

With the increasing demand for information security, traditional single-factor authentication technology can no longer meet security requirements. To this end, this paper proposes a Universal Serial Bus (USB) Key hardware and software system based on a two-factor authentication protocol, aiming to improve the security and reliability of authentication. This paper first analyzes the current status and technical principles of USB Key-related research domestically and internationally and designs a two-factor authentication protocol that combines impact/response authentication and static password authentication. The system consists of a host computer and a USB Key device. The host computer interacts with the USB Key through a graphical user interface. The Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1) and MySQL database are used to implement the authentication function. Experimental results show that the designed two-factor authentication protocol can effectively prevent replay attacks and information tampering, and improve the security of authentication. If the corresponding USB Key is not inserted, the system will prompt that the device is not found. Once the USB Key is inserted, user identity is confirmed through two-factor verification, which includes impact/response authentication and static password authentication.

Coach Competences and Their Impact on Athlete Performance in Discus and Shot Put

This study investigated the relationship between coach competencies and athlete performance in discus and shot put, focusing on technical skills, communication, and training principles. It aimed to assess differences based on athlete profiles and develop a coach development program based on the findings. The methodology for this study uses a descriptive, comparison, and correlational method and used 325 respondents from Bengbu Medical University, Anhui University, Bengbu University, Anhui University of Science and Technology, and Anhui Normal University. The study found that coach competencies in Chinese universities' discus and shot-put programs moderately influence athlete performance, with no significant differences based on athlete profiles. A strong positive relationship between coach competencies and athlete success highlights the need for an enhanced coach development program to optimize performance. The recommendations focus on enhancing coach development programs by improving key competencies such as technical expertise, biomechanics, communication, and personalized coaching strategies. By providing targeted training and fostering collaboration across universities, the aim is to improve athlete performance in discus and shot put, ensuring equal support for all athletes.

Technical principles and protocols of encryption and their significance and effects on technology regulation

ABSTRACT This article examines the foundational principles and protocols that guide the development, implementation and use of encryption and their relevance and impact on technology law and policy. It first focuses on the technical aspects of encryption and explains the meanings of key terms and the different kinds and uses of this technology. It then expounds on the technical principles and protocols of encryption including information security, openness, provable security, and its adversarial nature. The article thereafter analyses the significance and import of these standards and rules on the proposed ghost protocol in encrypted messaging services and encryption law and policy more generally. It argues that technical principles such as information security, primacy of keys and resistance to attacks should be recognised and upheld in the development and adoption of encryption regulation.

Photon-counting CT for forensic death investigations-a glance into the future of virtual autopsy.

This article explores the potential of photon-counting computed tomography (CT) in forensic medicine for a range of forensic applications. Photon-counting CT surpasses conventional CT in several key areas. It boasts superior spatial and contrast resolution, enhanced image quality at low x-ray energies, and spectral imaging capabilities that enable more precise material differentiation. These advantages translate to superior visualization of bone structures, foreign bodies, and soft tissues in postmortem examinations. The article discusses the technical principles of photon-counting CT detectors and highlights its potential applications in forensic imaging, including high-resolution virtual autopsies, pediatric forensic CT, trauma analysis, and bone density measurements. Furthermore, advancements in vascular imaging and soft tissue contrast promise to propel CT-based death investigations to an even more prominent role. The article concludes by emphasizing the immense potential of this new technology in forensic medicine and anthropology.

Advanced Respiratory Monitoring in the Perioperative Setting

Abstract Purpose of Review This narrative review explores the technical principles and evidence supporting the use of advanced respiratory monitoring tools in the perioperative setting to enhance patient care. We aim to identify which patients benefit most from these technologies during major surgeries. Recent Findings Advanced monitoring techniques, such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT), esophageal pressure (Pes) monitoring, and lung ultrasound (LUS), provide detailed insights into lung mechanics and function. Recent studies indicate these tools can optimize ventilation strategies by individualizing the lung protective ventilation, particularly in high-risk patients. Summary While these tools can help to improve intraoperative respiratory mechanics and oxygenation, further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm their impact on patient-centered outcomes.

Magnetometry for the Muon g-2 Experiment

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment with a precision of 140 parts per billion (ppb). The collaboration has published the latest measurement based on the first three Runs (collected from 2018 to 2020) in August 2023 with a precision of 200 ppb. The experiment accumulated three more years of data, from 2020 to 2023, which are currently being analyzed. This additional statistic is sufficient to achieve and possibly exceed the goal of 100 ppb of final statistical uncertainty. As the statistical error reduces, increasing attention is dedicated to studying systematic uncertainties. Among them, one source is a magnetic transient generated by the fast kickers. To center the muon orbit into its final position in the storage ring, three kickers emit a 120 ns magnetic pulse of ∼240 G, right after injection. This, however, induces eddy currents in the kicker aluminum structure that last for several microseconds. To measure the 10 mG magnetic perturbations generated by the eddy currents, the INFN team developed a laser magnetometer based on the Faraday effect. This article describes the technical principles, operations, and data analysis of this very sensitive device.

Features of Performing Single-port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The advantages of endoscopic surgery are well known, which has been confirmed by domestic and world experience in the use of minimally invasive technologies. Along with this, the widespread introduction of operative laparoscopy has led to complications specific to this technology. When performing laparoscopic operations, 3 to 6 trocars are inserted into the abdominal cavity. A large number of undesirable consequences of the introduction of trocars into the abdominal cavity, the so-called trocar complications (iatrogenic damage to internal organs, blood vessels, extraperitoneal insufflation, development of trocar hernias with deterioration of the aesthetic result, increased postoperative pain, increased risk of complications associated with the occurrence of hematomas, wound infections), served as the basis for the search for less invasive techniques. The rapid development of endoscopic surgery has contributed to the emergence of a wide range of surgical methods that do not leave gross scar changes on the skin of the anterior abdominal wall. These include single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which reduces trauma to the anterior abdominal wall and improves cosmetic results. The clinical significance of the single laparoscopic approach (SLA) technique in the surgical treatment of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis should be substantiated. The study included 116 patients hospitalized for planned surgical treatment with a diagnosis of gallstone disease. Chronic calculous cholecystitis” from 2019 to 2023 on the basis of the National Chemical Center named after M.M. Mamakeev of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek. The use of a single laparoscopic access technique for removing the gallbladder with proper selection of patients and strict adherence to methodological and technical principles makes it possible to achieve better results in the treatment of patients with cholelithiasis with access along the upper edge around the navel than with a longitudinal transubial approach.

Principles of artificial intelligence in radiooncology.

In the rapidly expanding field of artificial intelligence (AI) there is awealth of literature detailing the myriad applications of AI, particularly in the realm of deep learning. However, areview that elucidates the technical principles of deep learning as relevant to radiation oncology in an easily understandable manner is still notably lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing acomprehensive guide to the principles of deep learning that is specifically tailored toward radiation oncology. In light of the extensive variety of AI methodologies, this review selectively concentrates on the specific domain of deep learning. It emphasizes the principal categories of deep learning models and delineates the methodologies for training these models effectively. This review initially delineates the distinctions between AI and deep learning as well as between supervised and unsupervised learning. Subsequently, it elucidates the fundamental principles of major deep learning models, encompassing multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), transformers, generative adversarial networks (GANs), diffusion-based generative models, and reinforcement learning. For each category, it presents representative networks alongside their specific applications in radiation oncology. Moreover, the review outlines critical factors essential for training deep learning models, such as data preprocessing, loss functions, optimizers, and other pivotal training parameters including learning rate and batch size. This review provides acomprehensive overview of deep learning principles tailored toward radiation oncology. It aims to enhance the understanding of AI-based research and software applications, thereby bridging the gap between complex technological concepts and clinical practice in radiation oncology.

Progress of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in prehospital emergency treatment for pelvic fracture.

Pelvic fractures are severe traumatic injuries often accompanied by potentially fatal massive bleeding. Rapid control of hemorrhages in pre-hospital emergency settings is critical for improving outcomes in traumatic bleeding. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a promising technique for controlling active bleeding from pelvic fractures. By inserting a balloon catheter into the aorta, REBOA helps maintain blood flow to vital organs such as the brain and heart. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the initial management of non-compressive trunk hemorrhage caused by pelvic fractures, introduces the technical principles and developments of REBOA, and explores its extensive application in pre-hospital emergency care. It delves into the operational details and outlines strategies for effectively managing potential complications. We aim to offer a theoretical framework for the future utilization of REBOA in managing uncontrollable hemorrhage associated with pelvic fractures in pre-hospital emergencies.

T1-weighted Motion Mitigation in Abdominal MRI: Technical Principles, Clinical Applications, Current Limitations, and Future Prospects.

T1-weighted (T1W) pulse sequences are an indispensable component of clinical protocols in abdominal MRI but usually require multiple breath holds (BHs) during the examination, which not all patients can sustain. Patient motion can affect the quality of T1W imaging so that key diagnostic information, such as intrinsic signal intensity and contrast enhancement image patterns, cannot be determined. Patient motion also has a negative impact on examination efficiency, as multiple acquisition attempts prolong the duration of the examination and often remain noncontributory. Techniques for mitigation of motion-related artifacts at T1W imaging include multiple arterial acquisitions within one BH; free breathing with respiratory gating or respiratory triggering; and radial imaging acquisition techniques, such as golden-angle radial k-space acquisition (stack-of-stars). While each of these techniques has inherent strengths and limitations, the selection of a specific motion-mitigation technique is based on several factors, including the clinical task under investigation, downstream technical ramifications, patient condition, and user preference. The authors review the technical principles of free-breathing motion mitigation techniques in abdominal MRI with T1W sequences, offer an overview of the established clinical applications, and outline the existing limitations of these techniques. In addition, practical guidance for abdominal MRI protocol strategies commonly encountered in clinical scenarios involving patients with limited BH abilities is rendered. Future prospects of free-breathing T1W imaging in abdominal MRI are also discussed. ©RSNA, 2024 See the invited commentary by Fraum and An in this issue.

Ethnofolklore representations in moldovan painting of the 1970s

The article demonstrates that during the 1970s, Moldovan painting focused deeply on rural life and folk traditions, expressing them profoundly. Plastic artists depicted the beauty and authenticity of rural landscapes on canvas, highlighting the close connection between people and nature. Portraits and everyday life scenes brought to the forefront authentic faces and moments experienced by ordinary people. Realism and decorative elements harmoniously intertwined in their creations. Dances and folk traditions were represented in various forms, conveying the energy of traditional events. Folk motifs and symbols underscored Moldova’s cultural and historical identity. Mythology and the legend served as sources of inspiration, bringing forth the metaphorical visions of the artists. Ornamental elements and specific technical principles of Moldovan mural painting emphasized the importance of faith and folklore. Overall, these themes and motifs contributed to shaping an authentic image of Moldovan culture in the painting of the 1970s.

Cold spray - a solid-state additive manufacturing technology

Abstract Cold spray is a solid-state powder deposition technique and has evolved into an additive manufacturing process. Unlike conventional additive manufacturing technologies that rely on melting and solidification, cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) forms components at low temperatures at a relatively high build rate. This article introduces the technical principles, process parameters and typical microstructure of cold spray, as well as its applications in the fabrication of 3D components and damaged component repair. Current issues faced in cold spray research and future development directions in CSAM are also discussed.

Research on the technical principles and applications of massage robots

Massage robots, as innovative therapeutic devices, have garnered significant attention and application due to technological advancements and society's increasing focus on wellness. However, amidst this progress, gaps persist in fully understanding their capabilities and optimizing their functionalities, highlighting the need for further research in this domain. This paper focuses on exploring the intricate technical principles, mechanical structure, sensing technology, and intelligent control systems of massage robots, with the aim of providing both theoretical foundations and practical insights for researchers and practitioners in this field. Specific inquiries encompass the elucidation of working principles, emulation of human massage techniques, mechanical design considerations, applications of sensor technology, and implementations of intelligent control systems within massage robots. Employing a blend of literature review, comparative analysis, and experimental validation, this paper aims to not only deepen the understanding of massage robot functionality but also contribute to the advancement and refinement of this technology, fostering innovation and growth within the industry.

Technical Principles and Clinical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography in Pulmonary Monitoring.

Pulmonary monitoring is crucial for the diagnosis and management of respiratory conditions, especially after the epidemic of coronavirus disease. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an alternative non-radioactive tomographic imaging tool for monitoring pulmonary conditions. This review proffers the current EIT technical principles and applications on pulmonary monitoring, which gives a comprehensive summary of EIT applied on the chest and encourages its extensive usage to clinical physicians. The technical principles involving EIT instrumentations and image reconstruction algorithms are explained in detail, and the conditional selection is recommended based on clinical application scenarios. For applications, specifically, the monitoring of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) is one of the most developed EIT applications. The matching correlation of V/Q could indicate many pulmonary diseases, e.g., the acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary edema. Several recently emerging applications like lung transplantation are also briefly introduced as supplementary applications that have potential and are about to be developed in the future. In addition, the limitations, disadvantages, and developing trends of EIT are discussed, indicating that EIT will still be in a long-term development stage before large-scale clinical applications.