Technical Justification Research Articles

The Role of Machine Learning in Advanced Biometric Systems

Today, the significance of biometrics is more pronounced than ever in accurately allowing access to valuable resources, from personal devices to highly sensitive buildings, as well as classified information. Researchers are pushing forward toward devising robust biometric systems with higher accuracy, fewer false positives and false negatives, and better performance. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) has been shown to play a key role in improving such systems. By constantly learning and adapting to users’ changing biometric patterns, ML algorithms can improve accuracy and performance over time. The integration of ML algorithms with biometrics, however, introduces vulnerabilities in such systems. This article investigates the new issues of concern that come about because of the adoption of ML methods in biometric systems. Specifically, techniques to breach biometric systems, namely, data poisoning, model inversion, bias injection, and deepfakes, are discussed. Here, the methodology consisted of conducting a detailed review of the literature in which ML techniques have been adopted in biometrics. In this study, we included all works that have successfully applied ML and reported favorable results after this adoption. These articles not only reported improved numerical results but also provided sound technical justification for this improvement. There were many isolated, unsupported, and unjustified works about the major advantages of ML techniques in improving security, which were excluded from this review. Though briefly mentioned, we did not touch upon encryption/decryption aspects, and, accordingly, cybersecurity was excluded from this study. At the end, recommendations are made to build stronger and more secure systems that benefit from ML adoption while closing the door to adversarial attacks.

Evaluating Diffusion Models for the Automation of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Data Analysis

We develop decision support and automation for the task of ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation data analysis. First, we develop a probabilistic model for the task and then implement the model as a series of neural networks based on Conditional Score-Based Diffusion and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model architectures. We use the neural networks to generate estimates for peak amplitude response time of flight and perform a series of tests probing their behavior, capacity, and characteristics in terms of the probabilistic model. We train the neural networks on a series of datasets constructed from ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation data acquired during an inspection at a nuclear power generation facility. We modulate the partition classifying nominal and anomalous data in the dataset and observe that the probabilistic model predicts trends in neural network model performance, thereby demonstrating a principled basis for explainability. We improve on previous related work as our methods are self-supervised and require no data annotation or pre-processing, and we train on a per-dataset basis, meaning we do not rely on out-of-distribution generalization. The capacity of the probabilistic model to predict trends in neural network performance, as well as the quality of the estimates sampled from the neural networks, support the development of a technical justification for usage of the method in safety-critical contexts such as nuclear applications. The method may provide a basis or template for extension into similar non-destructive evaluation tasks in other industrial contexts.

Конструктивные решения и гидрометрические параметры трактов рыбоходно-нерестовых каналов с элементами усиленной шероховатости

Purpose: to develop proposals for the design and methodology for calculating the hydrometric parameters of fish passage and spawning channel tracts at waterworks. Materials and methods. The factual basis of the work is data of hydrometric studies of the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky fish passage and spawning channels and materials of technical justification of channel projects at the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky waterworks on the river Don. The methodological basis of study was the results of the authors’ research and well-known recommendations for determining the parameters of channel tracts with enhanced roughness. Results. The hydrometric parameters of fish passage and spawning channels are accepted and calculated assuming the provision of necessary conditions for attracting anadromous fish into the channels, their passage from the downstream of the waterworks to the upstreams and the spawning of some of them in the tracts. The following parameters were considered: flow rate, average flow velocity, bottom depth and width, cross-sectional shape and slope ratio, underwater gradient and channel length, types and sizes of gravel-pebble channel coating and elements of enhanced roughness. As a result of the study, the recommendations for flow rates, flow velocities and depths, the choice of the cross-section of the channel, the type and size of fractions of the gravel-pebble mixture were proposed. A methodology for hydraulic calculation of the fish passage and spawning channel tracts has been developed for the accepted conditions of its operation taking into account the arrangement of the channel with enhanced roughness elements. To test the methodology, the hydrometric parameters of the conditional fish passage and spawning channel tract, equipped with enhanced roughness elements, with an average flow velocity of 0.9 m/s was calculated. Conclusion. Recommendations for calculating the hydrometric parameters of fish passage and spawning channel tracts with enhanced roughness elements and a methodology for such calculations that meet the requirements of fish farming and biological justification on formation of conditions for fish migration and spawning in their tracts are proposed.

Via Ferrata as an innovative technology of health-improving physical culture

Via ferrata is a phenomenon that has long been known in mountain tourism and is becoming increasingly widespread every year. Currently, it is increasingly developing in Russia, and its popularity is actively growing. Via ferrata is a professional term. It marks a section of the rock route equipped with special metal structures. These devices on a difficult rocky area can significantly speed up passing along the route and save energy costs to overcome it. The purpose of the study is to develop a project that includes the development of this type of sports tourism in the Black Sea regions of Russia. The objectives of the study are to study the history and recreational potential of via ferrata, as well as to develop a project and justify its effectiveness. The subject of the study, as an example, is the designed via ferrata route along a natural formation on the eastern wall of the Ai-Petri rock massif in Crimea. The scientific and practical significance of this study lies in the development of a potentially interesting project from a recreational point of view, using a natural object of the Crimean mountain forest nature reserve, as well as the presence of a technical justification for it, which can subsequently be proposed for the project implementation.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE DESIGN CHOICE THE ELECTRIC TRACTOR POWER PLANT

In the conditions of deterioration of the environment due to emissions and reduction of fossil fuel reserves in various industrial sectors, the transfer of funds to alternative clean energy is a promising way. This development encourages the modernization not only of automobiles, but also of other specialized vehicles, such as wheeled tractors. In agriculture, tractors of various traction classes are used for traction and transport work. Today, the development of electric driveconstruction technology is advisable to implement in small-class tractors, which are intended for inter-row processing of row crops, plowing light soils in gardens and greenhouses, for working with a mower, as well as for small transport works. Therefore, the material of this article aims to provide a technical justification for the choice of an electric motor and a structural scheme of a power plant when building an electric tractor of a small traction class. When solving the set goal, atechnique was used that allowed to analyze the existing electric motors used in electric drives of related industries, as well as a technical substantiation of the schematic solution of the power plant of an electric tractor was performed. The result is a justified choice of a synchronous motor with permanent magnets, a synchronous jet motor and an asynchronous motor, as those that should be implemented in an electric tractor. The practical significance of the work lies in the technicaljustification of the choice of a circuit solution for the formation of an electric power plant for low-power tractors.

Optimal utility cooperation in the microgrids expansion planning

Economic and technical justification made the government support the utility network's microgrid (MG) expansion. The government subsidy is shifted from renewable energy to MG expansion since they increase renewable generation in a controlled manner. In the proposed method, the utility designs the roadmap of the MGs expansion in the distribution grid. First, the MGs numbers and boundaries are determined based on the utility goals. The utility load points are clustered through the fuzzy clustering method (FCM) and then aggregated via the iterative process to form MGs. Then, the planning model is proposed to minimize the MGs cost while maximizing the utility subsidies. The energy and investment subsidies are modeled through the incentive and punishment mechanism based on the utility goals. Both microgrid cost and subsidy are optimized simultaneously. The proposed method investigates the long-term effect of government subsidies on the MGs expansion through the planning model. The uncertainty of load and renewable energy are modeled through the scenario-based model. In the result section, the subsidization efficiency of the utility is analyzed. The effect of the cost reduction of the DGs and ESSs due to the advances in their technology and the impact of ESSs number on the subsidy efficiency are analyzed. The result determines the roadmap for the government to make optimal decisions in the MGs expansion planning.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC LOGGING METHODS WHEN STUDYING TIGHTNESS OF CASING STRINGS IN WELLS OF URANIUM DEPOSITS

Link for citation: Sharapatov A., Assirbek N., Samanbetov N. Evaluation of the efficiency of electric logging methods when studying tightness of casing strings in wells of uranium deposits. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 7-15. In Rus. The relevance. When exploiting uranium deposits using the method of in-situ leaching, many problematic issues arise. Among them, it is possible to distinguish a violation of the integrity and tightness of the polymer casing, which leads to leakage of solutions due to defects and threaded connections, colmatation, etc. With the help of geophysical wells surveys, namely current logging and resistivity logging, there is a technological possibility of obtaining actual data on the leakage of solutions into the near-wellbore space (their location, size). The distribution of solutions in the annulus lead to technological and environmental violations during the development of deposits. The main aim: comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of current logging and resistivity logging in solving technological problems – assessment of the integrity of polymer pipes and tightness of threaded connections in the casing of uranium wells and determination of the parameters of liquidation of wells with damaged columns based on the data of current logging or resistivity logging in the casing. Objects: artificial defects in the casing for experimental work: holes in pipes with different diameters and locations, leaky connections of casing pipes. Methods. The work was carried out at one of the sites of the Shu-Sarysu province uranium deposit and includes the following activities: preparation of polymer casing strings for the experiment; physical and technical justification of using geophysical wells surveys methods to study the problem; performing measurement work by current logging and resistivity logging methods; performing computational work using current logging, resistivity logging readings and obtaining values of a probabilistic parameter for evaluation of the state of the casing strings and the decision on the operation of wells; comparative analysis and drawing conclusions on the informativeness of borehole geophysical (electrical) methods. Results. Research results showed that to solve the problem of monitoring the technical condition of casing strings, the use of the resistivity logging method is optimal. The conclusions of the research are based on the analysis of the nature of changes in the diagrams of the electrical methods of current logging and resistivity logging, the sensitivity of the measured values of the electric field to defects in the casing. The quantitative values of the parameter % ANO – the amount of current leakage (anomalies) obtained by calculation according to current logging and resistivity logging data are probabilistic in nature. They made it possible to develop recommendations for making technological and/or managerial decisions on the condition of casing strings and the further use of production wells with various defects in them.

Identification and Analysis of Technical Impacts in the Electric Power System Due to the Integration of Microgrids

In a modern and technological world that has a great demand for energy, a versatile energy market, and a renewed electric infrastructure capable of expanding the electric power system under the premise of universal access to electricity, that seeks to minimize the effects of climate change, and that requires an improvement in its reliability, security, and resilience, microgrids are born as one of the systems that have the potential to supply each of these requirements in order to guarantee an adequate decarbonization, decentralization, digitalization, diversification, and democratization of the future grid. However, the integration of microgrids into the electric power system will generate impacts that are currently under study. This paper identifies and analyzes the technical impacts in the electric power system due to the implementation of microgrids, based on what has been recognized in the literature, so that those who have purposes of installation, creation, innovation, and research of microgrids, such as grid operators, technology providers, companies, and researchers, can establish criteria and indicators through which the feasibility of projects involving microgrids can be determined. The concept, importance, and characteristics of microgrids are given, along with a technical justification of the impacts. In addition, technical impacts on some study cases of real microgrids around the globe are identified. Finally, an analysis of the identified technical impacts is offered, and conclusions are drawn.

Determination of the influence of the degree of fracturing of the rock mass on the index of reduction of its strength

Purpose. The purpose of research of the presented scientific publication is to establish the regularity of changes in the generalized coefficient of strength reduction of disturbed rock massif depending on the degree of rock fracturing. Research methodology. To solve the set tasks we applied a complex approach, which consists in the analysis and generalization of previous studies on the study of the change in the strength of the rock massif depending on the degree of fracturing, scientific and technical justification of the possibility of generalizing the studied strength indicators of the disturbed massif, approximation of graphs of the change in the structural weakening coefficient, RQD and RMR depending on the fracture modulus. Research results. Scientific data of domestic scientists on determining the value of the structural weakening coefficient depending on the factors affecting the overall strength of the rock massif, and foreign scientists on establishing indicators of the state of disturbed rock massifs have been analyzed. To summarize the results of the presented assessment methods, the changes in the structural weakening coefficient, RQD and RMR indices depending on the fracture modulus of the rock massif are combined in one graph. Alignment of the mentioned graphical dependences showed the identical character of their changes. The curve of approximation (trend) for graphical dependences of the structural weakening coefficient, RQD and RMR on the fracture modulus, which can be described by a polynomial of the 3rd degree, has been obtained and the value of approximation reliability R²= 0.8975 has been established. Scientific novelty. The idea of methods and indicators for assessing the state of disturbance of rock massifs depending on various factors has been developed. The analytical dependence of the change of the generalized coefficient of strength reduction of a rocky rock massif on the fracture modulus has been obtained. Practical significance. The established influence of rock fracture modulus on the degree of strength reduction of rock massif allows to determine reliable data on the condition of ledges and sides of the quarry and to develop organizational and technical measures for further development of technology of their mining.

Предназначение и компоновочно-конструктивное решение Багаевского гидроузла на реке Дон

The information justifying the expediency and conditions for the creation of the Bagaevsky waterworks on the Don River is given. The justification and description of the adopted layout solution of the waterworks and the structural design of the structures ensuring its functioning are given. Based on the results of the technical justification of the project, a rational solution has been developed for the Bagaevsky waterworks, which provides its purpose and diversified use of the water resource potential of the Don River

GENERAL ASPECTS OF RESTORATION (RECONSTRUCTION) OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS (REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS)

The article presents a review of publications on the actual problem of restoring the functional capacity of drainage systems, which in modern conditions of climate change and military aggression acquires special significance not only from the standpoint of the need to increase the productivity of drained lands, but also to ensure the water security of our country. The study of problems and setting of directions for restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems in Ukraine and regions of the world was performed using bibliometric analysis. For analytical research, domestic and foreign literary sources of a 55-year period were studied, the main number of which falls on the period 2002-2022. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine the main directions that are considered when solving the problems of restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems on agricultural lands worldwide and in Ukraine. Approaches to the operation, maintenance, and controlled decommissioning of drainage systems are based on the development of scenarios for the adaptation to climate change, therefore, the priority of the state policy in a number of countries is, first of all, the restoration of systems, which allows to ensure the adaptation of agricultural production to modern climate changes. Worldwide, the assessment of the reclamation fund is carried out constantly and the need for reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems is determined according to the design characteristics and technical condition also providing for the restoration of their water-regulating function. The basis for the reconstruction of drainage systems is the economic and technical justification of feasibility, the application of the progressive methods of drainage, the priority implementation of restoration measures in the areas of drainage systems, which are in working condition, and on the drained territories, where intensive and medium-intensity agricultural use of the drained lands is planned. The scientists' developments are aimed at creating economically viable technical options for the restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems, which take into account the directions of their use and investment options for reconstruction. Studying the global experience of restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems on agricultural lands and its use is important for the implementation of the provisions of the "Strategy of Irrigation and Drainage in Ukraine for the period until 2030".

An investigation of earth and sea-return impedances of power electrical cables

This paper investigates the numerical performance of the Wedepohl series and of the Gauss-Kronrod quadrature to calculate ground- and sea-return impedances of power cables. Many computational routines to calculate ground-return impedances of cables used in EMTP-type programs have been proposed without technical justification of their application range. In this paper, we explore the convergence and accuracy of the Wedepohl series based on the number of terms in the series and as a ratio test. As a result, an accurate and stable numerical algorithm to compute ground- and sea-return impedances is proposed. The proposed method is capable of accounting for very low resistivity values and large depths.

FIELD STUDIES OF SLAB FOUNDATIONS’ SETTLEMENTS FOR TWO-SECTION MULTI-STOREY BUILDING ON WEAK WATER-SATURATED SOILS

Problem statement. In the construction of multi-storey and high-rise buildings with significant loads on the foundation, especially in the presence of weak water-saturated soils from above, pile and slab foundations are usually used to meet the requirements of the building code [1] on the maximum permissible deformations. The possibility of using slab foundations in this case must be confirmed by calculations with a scientific and technical justification of the accepted model of the soil foundation and its parameters. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of the model of the soil base in the form of finite width elastic layer and its parameters based on observations of the subsidence of adjacent multi-story buildings on slab foundations during the construction process and to compare the actual values of foundation deformations with calculated. Conclusions. The research results confirmed the possibility of applying the model of the soil base in the form of finite width elastic layer for predicting the deformations of equally story sectional buildings on large-sized slab foundations, the basis of which are weak water-saturated sandy soils from the surface. However, it should be noted that in this case, the excess of the actual settlement of buildings over the estimated is due to the failure to take into acount the processes of filtration consolidation and mechanical suffusion of sand particles into the crushed stone bed, which can further be taken into acount by reducing of soil deformation modules in this model of the soil base.

SEBOTOK WHARF CONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS SUMBAWA WEST NUSA TENGGARA

Abstract: The construction of the Sebotok Pier in Sebotok Village, Labuhan Badas Subdistrict, was carried out for the 2017 Fiscal Year, with Contract Number 027/34/PPK-DISHUB/VIII/2017 dated 21 August 2017 with an implementation period of 125 calendar days (from 21 August to 23 December 2017) and maintenance period of 180 calendar days. Contract Addendum Number 027/63.1/PPK-DISHUB/XII/2017, December 11 2017 (August 21 to January 12 2018). The work was 100% complete and a Provisional Hand Over (PHO) was carried out on January 23 2018. Based on information that there was damage to the Causeway (collapse of the talud masonry wall) in March 2019 and repairs had been carried out in the same month. The Construction Experts Team aims to provide technical justification related to the Sebotok Wharf Construction work, Labuhan Badas District. Referring to the Decree of the Inspector of Sumbawa Regency Number 732.a.Year 2019 concerning the Appointment and Determination of the Amount of Honorarium for the Team of Construction Experts in the Investigation Audit of the Causeway Work for the Sebotok Wharf Development, Sumbawa Regency for the 2017 Fiscal Year addressed to the Team of Construction Experts. The Construction Expert Team conducts field data collection; measuring the dimensions of the causeway construction, checking the physical condition of the causeway building, taking material samples and laboratory tests, interviewing (village officials, community leaders, several people who were directly involved as workers in the implementation of the causeway construction) and documentation. From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that masonry construction in causeway work with dimensions of width (B) 0.40 m, and height (H) 2.16 m a stability safety score of <1.5 is obtained so that the construction is declared UNSAFE. Keywords: Justification, Wharf, Construction Services

Automated sprayer for processing agricultural crops

In order to successfully conduct agricultural work and obtain a competitive harvest, it is mandatory to carry out spraying operations of crops that require highly qualified personnel, expensive equipment and suitable weather conditions. The use of tractors for spraying fields is the most common solution available at the moment, has disadvantages: high cost, risk of damage to the crop by "hitting", "hooking" or otherwise; environmental damage; due to exhaust gases, the demolition of the solution increases with increasing speed. Using a device designed specifically for spraying equipment is an ideal solution. The purpose of the article is to develop a working model of an automated sprayer for processing agricultural crops. The methods used are: technical justification of a controlled device for processing agricultural crops. Calculation of functional capabilities, algorithms of operation of the proposed automated device: selection of the type of sprayer, engine, chassis, controller, battery, as well as justification of the possibilities of using alternative energy sources (wind energy, solar energy); development of a 3D model of an automation device for anti-weed processing of agricultural crops, printing of parts, assembly of mechanical and electronic parts. Making a prototype using 3D printing; development of the wiring diagram of electronics, software (firmware of the microcontroller; application that controls the settings), testing of the prototype, assembly of the current model; rationale for the optimal use of Arduino and Raspberry Pi boards in this device in a pair: Raspberry Pi will allow you to control processes on the Arduino and easily interact with the Internet when the Arduino itself will perform simple operations such as interacting with electronics and reading sensor readings. The manufactured operating model showed compliance with the goals, a high degree of controllability, environmental friendliness, reduction of energy consumed, labor resources and can be used to scale this device. The developed model of the automation device for anti-weed treatment of agricultural crops can be used not only in agricultural pollination, but also as a mechanism for studying soil parameters: humidity, mineralogical composition and chemical content in the ground, using electronic sensors, as well as an automated mobile platform for any purpose requiring accurate navigation through the territory.

Technical justification of the sectional construction of the pressure plate in the die-cutting press

It was stated that the die-cutting equipment belongs to the category of heavily loaded equipment because the drive overcomes significant technological resistances resulting from die-cutting of sweeps. Presses of the equipment are equipped with both wedge-lever mechanisms and eccentric ones to ensure cyclic vertical movement of the pressure plate. It is emphasized that automatic platens create a force loading in the die-cutting of sweeps of more than two hundred tons. A sectional construction of a pressure plate with an eccentric drive was suggested. Such a design of the pressure plate is designed to ensure consistent interaction of the tools of the die-cutting stamp with the sections of the cardboard cutting, to minimize the force loading of the drive. There were obtained values of the displacement invariant of all three sections of the pressure plate, the eccentrics of which are shifted in the angular direction. It was established that an increase in the cardboard thickness requires a similar change in the angular displacement of the eccentrics on the drive shafts in the adjacent sections. Further research on a test stand is planned.

Experimental and numerical investigation of residual stresses in proximity girth welds

International fabrication codes and standards provide minimum distance criteria for proximity welds, although rigorous justification is lacking. These distances are either based on practical experience or mutual agreement and are often left to the engineering judgment of contractors, inspection engineers, etc., especially in cases of repair welds fabricated in proximity to existing welds. Previous studies have shown high tensile residual stresses and altered mechanical and microstructural properties between proximity welds. This article focuses on numerical and experimental quantification of residual stresses in the proximity region by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and finite element method (FEM) thermo-mechanical models. Specimens were machine welded, then repair welded at distances of 5–15 mm. A fair agreement in results was achieved between FEM and XRD. The most detrimental effect was observed at the weld root toe for the repair weld at 5 mm proximity, likely due to the high constraint and multiaxial stress state. These findings enable practitioners to propose technical justification and corrective actions while specifying minimum distance criteria for proximity welds.

Комплекс рыбоохранных сооружений Багаевского гидроузла на реке Дон

Purpose: to develop a technical justification of fish protection structures arranged as part of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric com-plex on the Don River. Materials and methods. The research was based on data on fish science, topographic, hydraulic and tech-nological conditions of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex. The methods of scientific analysis and technology of search design were used in the development of fish and security structures of the hydroelectric power plant. Results and discussion. The com-position, type, location and parameters of the fish protection facilities of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex have been estab-lished. A continuous fish-passing lock provides up to 16-20 cycles of attracting, accumulating and locking fish per day. The fish-spawning channel provides for the passage of fish with different swimming ability. Conditions for recreation and spawning of rheophilic and lithophilic fish species are formed in its tract, and phytophiles spawn in the ponds of the tract. Conclusions. 1. Tak-ing into account the fish-breeding significance and responsibility of the Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex, its technical solution provides for the creation of conditions for the passage and spawning of fish. 2. The adopted technical solutions for the construc-tion of a hydroelectric power plant, a fish-passing gateway, a fish-spawning channel and spawning ponds meet modern fish-breeding requirements and provide conditions for the natural reproduction of fish.

Fish-spawning channel consisting of Kochetovsky waterworks facility on the Don river (variants of layout and design solutions)

The relevance of the development of technical solutions for the Kochetovsky fish-spawning channel is predetermined by the ongoing degradation of populations and a decrease in commercial fish stocks in the Azov-Don fishery basin. One of the reasons for the current and deteriorating fishing conditions on the Lower Don is a decrease in the volume of natural reproduction of passing and semi-passing fish. The necessary volumes of natural reproduction of commercial herds can be provided by creating conditions for spawning migrations and spawning of fish in the Don River. This task can be solved to a certain extent by the creation of the Kochetovsky fish-spawning channel, which predetermined the purpose of the study to develop a technical justification for the possibility of its device and layout and design solutions. The factual basis was the data of surveys and studies carried out at the Kochetovsky waterworks facility. Surveys, surveys and studies were carried out in compliance with generally accepted methods, and the development of layout and structural solutions of structures using search design technologies. Two competing versions of the canal arrangement with its location along the bank of the Don River and along the riverbed of the Barsovka River have been developed. Both of the proposed solutions take into account the conditions of their device and ensure their functioning according to their intended purpose — to create conditions for the passage and spawning of fish. Each of the options has certain technical and fish science advantages, characterized by different possibilities for attracting fish to the channel, their passage from the lower reaches of the hydroelectric power plant to the upper and spawning in the channel tract. The work was carried out in the order of pre-design study, which determines the technical feasibility of the fish-spawning channel and establishes its hydrometric parameters. The choice of the option from the two proposed is proposed to be carried out by specialists of the fisheries sector, taking into account the ratio of the potential possibilities of channels for passing and spawning certain species and quantities of fish, and their technical and economic indicators.

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MILKING MACHINES BASED ON THE MILK FLOW INTENSITY BY UDDER SHARE'S CONTROL SENSOR

The material on the milking machines' technical justification and research of udder each quarter's milk flow intensity controlling capable, mastitis diagnosing and in depending on milk flow intensity for the number of beats in the cycle changing is presented. The description of its electronic interaction with milking machine units, providing current milking control during milk excretion intensity from udder's each quarter and their physiological state is given. Experimentally confirmed the technical feasibility, technological and economic efficiency list of milking machines' functions performed by equipment's expanding with devices for milk flow intensity's monitoring. It is shown that the hybrid milking machine device operates in a more milk extraction's gentle mode in compared to the Duovac-300 one. According to investment projects' evaluation methodology, the calculations of modernized milking machines functioning in a cowshed with tie-free cows' keeping during milking in a milk pipeline's economic efficiency were carried out. The developed technical means introduction in a cowshed for 200 cows with tie-free cows' keeping pays off the initial costs and makes a profit during the first year of using. The expected DSO of the developed technical means ranges from 0,10-0,12 g. The confirmed economic effect of the tie-free cows' keeping in a cowshed with 200 heads of livestock's milking machines equipped with devices for milk flow intensity control using to 3319 thousand of rubles' prices in 2017 is amounted.