Technical Handbook Research Articles

Technical possibilities of ash and sulphur oxides emission reduction at Russian coal-fired thermal power plants

The issues of the introduction of the best available technologies (BAT) at Russian coal-fired thermal power plants in accordance with the recommendations of the current information and technical handbook ITS 38-2017 are considered. It is shown that the technological indicators of ITS 38-2017 on emissions of solid fuel ash and sulphur dioxide do not solve the problem of reducing the negative impact on the environment. The analysis of the properties of burnt coals and available technologies for sulphur dioxides and ash cleaning of flue gases was carried out in order to determine new technological indicators for emissions of solid fuel ash and sulphur dioxide and the best available technologies for updating ITS 38-2017. The analysis of existing technologies for ash cleaning and desulphurization of gases was carried out and recommendations were given for areas of their effective application to meet different quantitative levels of technological indicators of emissions. New technological emission indicators for updating ITS 38 are proposed and justified. Recommendations are given to expand the list of the best available technologies recommended for implementation at Russian thermal power plants.

«ПРОЗРАЧНАЯ СВИНОФЕРМА»: ПРОСВЕТИТЕЛЬСКАЯ РАБОТА С ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЯМИ

Over the past 10 to 15 years, there has been a significant change in people's access to information. The need for food producers to understand consumers and their motivation when choosing a product has increased. The article compares consumer preferences in the United States and Russia. Specific examples are used to analyze the difference in the perception of visual information depending on the experience and knowledge of the biological characteristics of pigs. The 9 most relevant issues of educational work, including: environmental protection measures, measures to reduce odors, production in the open air and indoors, fixed or free maintenance of pregnant sows, castration, cutting of tails, grinding of fangs, the practice of using antibiotics, the practice of using growth stimulants, the nature of rapid growth and achieving slaughter condition, animal welfare. The answers to most of the above questions are contained in the information and technical handbook of the Best Available Technologies Intensive Pig Breeding, which was put into effect in the Russian Federation in December 2017. As the main tools for information communication with the consumer, it is proposed to use more actively social networks, company websites on the Internet, television and radio, publications in the press, agrotourism, agricultural classes and agricultural classes in schools.

Factor Structure of the Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition Core Subtests: Standardization Sample Confirmatory Factor Analyses

The present study examined the factor structure of the Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition (DAS-II) core subtests from the standardization sample via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using methods (bifactor modeling and variance partitioning) and procedures (robust model estimation due to nonnormal subtest score distributions) recommended but not included in the DAS-II Introductory and Technical Handbook. CFAs were conducted with the three DAS-II standardization sample age groups (lower early years [age = 2:6–3:5 years], upper early years [age = 3:6–6:11 years], school age [7:0–17:11 years]) using standardization sample raw data provided by NCS Pearson, Inc. Although most DAS-II core subtests were properly associated with the theoretically proposed group factors, both the higher order and bifactor models indicated that the g factor accounted for large portions of total and common variance, whereas the group factors (Verbal, Nonverbal, Spatial) accounted for small portions of total and common variance. The DAS-II core battery provides strong measurement of general intelligence, and clinical interpretation should be primarily, if not exclusively, at that level.

Investigating the Theoretical Structure of the Differential Ability Scales—Second Edition Through Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analysis

When the Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition (DAS-II) was developed, the instrument’s content, structure, and theoretical orientation were amended. Despite these changes, the Technical Handbook did not report results from exploratory factor analytic investigations, and confirmatory factor analyses were implemented using selected subtests across the normative age groups from the total battery. To address these omissions, the present study investigated the theoretical structure of the DAS-II using principal axis factoring followed by the Schmid–Leiman procedure with participants from the 5- to 8-year-old age range to determine the degree to which the DAS-II theoretical structure proposed in the Technical Handbook could be replicated. Unlike other age ranges investigated where at most 14 subtests were administered, the entire DAS-II battery was normed on participants aged 5 to 8 years, making it well suited to test the full instrument’s alignment with theory. Results suggested a six-factor solution that was essentially consistent with the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC)-based theoretical structure suggested by the test publisher and simple structure was attained. The only exception involved two subtests (Picture Similarities and Early Number Concepts) that did not saliently load on a group factor. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SULFUR CONTENT IN FUEL ON EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF BOILER OPERATION IN COMBUSTION OF NON-PROJECTED FUEL

The paper gives brief information about the corrosion-aggressive sulfur compounds in the pulverized coal boiler path. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and sulfuric anhydride (SO 3 ) are formed when coal burns with increased sulfur content. As the combustion products move along the convective shaft of the boiler, their temperature decreases and reaches the values of the beginning of condensation of sulfurous anhydride and sulfuric anhydride. The paper describes an economical and simple experiment that allows us to determine the measures how reduce low-temperature corrosion of low-temperature heating surfaces (LTHS). In the study of methods for increasing energy performance and improving the environmental efficiency of equipment and on the basis of analysis the results of industrial tests of various ways to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the burning of non-projected brown coal species, some methods have been evaluated and scientifically grounded technical proposals have been prepared to achieve the minimum possible concentrations of sulfur oxides in emissions with flue gases into the atmospheric air. At the same time, a number of important legal acts containing a set of measures to switch to the principles of the best available technologies and the development of an information and technical handbook on the best available technologies (“Combustion of fuels in large installations for energy production”) have been taken into account for power facilities. In addition, some measures aimed at improving the reliability and efficiency of the operation of the STPP of boilers of thermal power plants have been identified in terms of environmental and economic feasibility.

High Performance Li-Ion Battery Capable of Near Zero Volt (~0V) Storage

State-of-the-art (SOA) Li-ion batteries (e.g., with graphite anode and LiCoO2 cathode) for consumer electronic devices (e.g., cell phones, laptops) are designed to operate at a certain voltage range, e.g., 3-4.2V [1]. When an electronic device, like a cell phone, indicates “low battery”, the battery is near its low operating voltage threshold, and soon the device may automatically shut down to prevent the battery from further use (discharge). If a SOA Li-ion battery is allowed to further discharge to a very low cell voltage, e.g., near 0V, the battery will deteriorate quickly, manifested with a reduced battery capacity (electric charge, Ah), i.e., reduced battery use time. This is because, at or near 0V, the anode potential can exceed the substrate (commonly Cu) dissolution potential, which results in corrosion of the Cu substrate (pittings, holes) leading to compromised battery performance [2]. A battery capable of 0V (or near 0V) storage is desirable as it overcomes irreversible battery performance losses from self-discharge (to a very low voltage). For this reason, SOA Li-ion batteries are maintained above a certain threshold, e.g. > 20-30% capacity. For large format Li-ion batteries/packs, the energy left inside batteries at storage can cause serious concerns regarding: (i) safe battery transport, (ii) high maintenance cost (monitoring and periodically charging the batteries) and (iii) safe battery storage. Li-ion battery safety is a real issue exemplified by the recent Boeing 787 battery [3].Prior art to remedy Li-ion battery at or near 0V storage includes the use of an anode substrate with a higher dissolution potential, e.g., Ti substrate [4]. However Ti current collectors possess shortcomings including high cost of the Ti current collector and poor electrode coating adhesion on Ti substrate. Moreover, fundamentally, for a graphite-based anode, a solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) film formed on graphite anode (due to organic electrolyte reduction) can break down at or near 0V and adversely impact battery performance and life. Here we present a novel approach to develop a high performance Li-ion battery, capable of deep discharge and/or storage near 0V. Our anode active material selection criterions include: (i) amenable to substrates with high dissolution potentials, (ii) sufficient (electrical) potential to avoid SEI film formation and (iii) high specific capacity for battery high energy density. Our cathode active material selection criterions include high specific capacity and high voltage to achieve high battery specific energy. Other criterions common to the anode and the cathode include high rate capability and robust cycle life. Figure 1 shows cell capacity retention as a function of cycle number for ADA near 0V capable Li-ion cells. The cells were stored at ~ 0V for 2 days for every 5 cycles. The control cell was cycled without low voltage storage. After accumulative storage for 30 days at 50mV and 100mV, respectively, the ADA near 0V capable cells demonstrated little or no capacity fade, comparable to the control cell. We attribute the excellent cell deep discharge/storage resilience to our near 0V tolerant electrode material selections. For comparison purposes, we applied the identical test conditions to graphite based Li-ion cells as shown in Figure 2. The graphite based Li-ion cells experienced rapid capacity deterioration (i.e., capacity drop to zero) after a short period of ~ 0V storage. This is likely due to Cu current collector dissolution and dissolution/reformation of SEI films on graphite anode.Our study showed that this battery technology is a very promising high performance and safe power source capable of long-term ~ 0V deep discharge/storage. This battery technology is being developed for applications in the transportation, consumer electronics, military and space markets. References "Lithium Ion technical handbook". Gold Peak Industries Ltd. November 2003. Rui Guo, Languang Lu, Minggao Ouyang, and Xuning Feng, Scientific Report, 2016; 6: 30248. National Transportation Safety Board Report, Case No. DCA131A037, March 7, 2013. Hisashi Tsukamoto, Clay Kishiyama, Mikito Nagata, Hiroshi Nakahara, Tiehua Piao, US6596439. Figure 1

Factor structure of the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition: Exploratory and hierarchical factor analyses with the core subtests.

The present study examined the factor structure of the Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition (DAS-II; Elliott, 2007a) standardization sample using exploratory factor analyses, multiple factor extraction criteria, and hierarchical exploratory factor analyses (Schmid & Leiman, 1957) not included in the DAS-II Introductory and Technical Handbook (Elliott, 2007b). Exploratory factor analyses with multiple factor extraction criteria and hierarchical analyses with the Schmid and Leiman (1957) procedure were conducted with the 3 DAS-II standardization samples (Lower Early Years [Ages 2:6-3:5], Upper Early Years [Ages 3:6-6:11], School-Age [Ages 7:0-17:11]). All factor extraction criteria suggested 1 factor despite the author and publisher recommended and promoted 2 (Ages 2:6-3:5) or 3 (Ages 3:6-6:11, Ages 7:0-17:11) factors. Results indicated that most DAS-II subtests were properly associated with the theoretically proposed first-order factors. Hierarchical exploratory analyses with the Schmid and Leiman procedure, however, found that the hierarchical g factor accounted for large portions of total and common variance, while the 2 or 3 first-order factors accounted for small portions of total and common variance. It was concluded that the DAS-II provides strong measurement of general intelligence but clinical interpretation should be primarily at that level. (PsycINFO Database Record

Dengue Contingency Planning: From Research to Policy and Practice.

BackgroundDengue is an increasingly incident disease across many parts of the world. In response, an evidence-based handbook to translate research into policy and practice was developed. This handbook facilitates contingency planning as well as the development and use of early warning and response systems for dengue fever epidemics, by identifying decision-making processes that contribute to the success or failure of dengue surveillance, as well as triggers that initiate effective responses to incipient outbreaks.Methodology/Principal findingsAvailable evidence was evaluated using a step-wise process that included systematic literature reviews, policymaker and stakeholder interviews, a study to assess dengue contingency planning and outbreak management in 10 countries, and a retrospective logistic regression analysis to identify alarm signals for an outbreak warning system using datasets from five dengue endemic countries. Best practices for managing a dengue outbreak are provided for key elements of a dengue contingency plan including timely contingency planning, the importance of a detailed, context-specific dengue contingency plan that clearly distinguishes between routine and outbreak interventions, surveillance systems for outbreak preparedness, outbreak definitions, alert algorithms, managerial capacity, vector control capacity, and clinical management of large caseloads. Additionally, a computer-assisted early warning system, which enables countries to identify and respond to context-specific variables that predict forthcoming dengue outbreaks, has been developed.Conclusions/SignificanceMost countries do not have comprehensive, detailed contingency plans for dengue outbreaks. Countries tend to rely on intensified vector control as their outbreak response, with minimal focus on integrated management of clinical care, epidemiological, laboratory and vector surveillance, and risk communication. The Technical Handbook for Surveillance, Dengue Outbreak Prediction/ Detection and Outbreak Response seeks to provide countries with evidence-based best practices to justify the declaration of an outbreak and the mobilization of the resources required to implement an effective dengue contingency plan.

A Thought about the Ecological Strategy in Layout Planning for a Northern Urban Residential District - Taking the Summit Residence for Example

Based on the Technical Assessment Handbook for Ecological Residence of China and taking the Summit Residence for example, this paper studies and analyzes the ecological strategy for site selection, planning, landscape design, architectural design and other issues in the design of a residential district.

Particle capture models: Comparison with experimental data

Sand filtration is a becoming a widely used technique for the treatment of urban run off water, particularly for the capture of particulate metal pollutants. Currently the design rules for such systems are focussed on the civil engineering and hydrological aspects, whilst metal removals are typical quoted as broad percentages. The present study is the first step in developing a new design method for such systems, by comparing an established particle capture model consisting of two partial differential equations, one for particle capture and one for loading. The particle capture model was fitted to the outlet concentrations of several metal species, assuming that all particles of a particular metal are identical and have the same probability of capture. Particle loading through the column was then used as a check on the model. Whilst the particle loading results near the surface of the sand filter are typically of the right order of magnitude, the model tended to over predict loading of the particles in the mid section of the sand filter. Modelling is presented showing that the assumption of particle uniformity may be the cause of this over prediction. An example is presented where the model fails to predict the loading, highlighting the need to include dissolution and washing in future models. References arc Design Guideline Manual Stormwater Treatment Devices {Auckland: Auckland Regional Council 2003} http://www.arc.govt.nz/plans/technicalpublications/technical-publications-1-50.cfm [Accessed 30/05/2010]. G. Birch and S. Taylor Source of heavy metals in sediments of the Port Jackson estuary, Australia Science of The Total Environment, 227, Issues 2--3, Pages 123--138, 9 March 1999, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00007-8 G. F. Birch and S. McCready and E. R. Long and S. S. Taylor and G. Spyrakis Contaminant chemistry and toxicity of sediments in Sydney Harbour Australia: spatial extent and chemistry---toxicity relationships Marine Ecology Progress Series, 363 71--87, 2008 doi:10.3354/meps07445 G. F. Birch, and S. McCready Catchment sources of heavy metal contamination and influence on the quality of receiving basin sediments in Port Jackson, Australia The Science of the Total Environment 407 2820--283, 2009 G. F. Birch, Contaminated soil and sediments in a highly-developed catchment-estuary system (Sydney estuary, Australia), an innovative stormwater remediation strategy Journal of Soils and Sediments, 11, 194--208, 2011. C. Carrasco. Experimental Studies of Sand Infiltration MPhil thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. ccsmpc Georgia Stormwater Management Manual Technical Handbook 2, 2002 http://www.georgiastormwater.com/ [Accessed 18/5/2010]. R. A. Claytor and T. R. Schueler Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems, Ellicot City {Chesapeake Research Consortium}, 1996 T. N. Debo and A. J. Reese. Municipal Storm Water Management {Lewis Publishers, New York}, 2002 V. Gitis and E. Rubinstein and M. Livshits and G. Ziskindc Deep-bed filtration model with multistage deposition kinetics Chemical Engineering Journal, 163 78--85, 2010 M. Jartuna and R. T.Ottesen and E. Steinnesb and T. Voldena. Runoff of particle bound pollutants from urban impervious surfaces studied by analysis of sediments from stormwater traps Science of the Total Environment 396, 147--163, 2008 E. McKenzie and C. Wong and P. Green and M. Kayhanian and T. Young. Size dependent elemental composition of road-associated particles Science of the Total Environment, 398 145--153, 2008 mde. Maryland Stormwater Design Manual [Online]. Maryland: Maryland Department of the Environment, 2006 uprct. Water Sensitive Urban Design: Technical Guidelines for Western Sydney. Sydney: Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust, 2004 A. Zamani and B. Maini. Flow of dispersed particles through porous media---Deep bed filtration Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 69, 71-88, 2009 J. P. Herzig, D. M. Leclerc, P. Le. Goff. Flow of Suspensions through Porous Media—Application to Deep Filtration Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry , 62 5, 8--35, 1970 doi:10.1021/ie50725a003

The Oxford handbook of maritime archaeology

The Oxford Handbook of Maritime Archaeology Edited by A. Catsambis, B. Ford and D. Hamilton Oxford University Press, New York 2011. ISBN: 978-0-19-537517-6. Pp. 1203. UKP95. This part technical handbook, part encyclopaedia aims to capture the breadth of current research in maritime archaeology. It is aimed squarely at students and practitioners, with chapters prepared by selected experts in their fields. As such it is readable to anyone with an interest in the subject of maritime archaeology. Many of the chapters are presented as case studies that demonstrate the application of methodology, techniques and theory to real sites. As George Bass states in his introduction, 'maritime archaeology is still defining itself' (p. 4), with distinct branches of maritime archaeology (the archaeology of people of maritime cultures), nautical archaeology (the archaeology of ships and watercraft), coastal archaeology (the archaeology of people who lived in coastal zones whether the sites are now above water, underwater, or partly submerged), underwater archaeology (the study of any submerged sites e.g. Mexican cenotes, Neolithic sites in European lakes, riverine and lacustrine sites) and more recently the development of aeronautical archaeology (aircraft being 'ships of the air'). The handbook is an amalgam of all of the above, though naturally with a strong focus on the archaeology of shipwrecks. The handbook is divided into seven main sections of I) Introduction, II) The Process, III) Ships and Shipwrecks, IV) Maritime Culture and Life Ashore, V) Beyond the Site, VI) Conclusion and VII) Glossary and Appendix. Part II 'The Process' discusses the definition of ships as 'architecture, function and human space' (Pomey), the formation and interpretation of wreck sites (Martin), interpretation of marine magnetic and acoustic survey data (Quinn, Gearhart), excavation planning and logistics (Underwood), post-excavation reconstruction of ships (Ravn, Bischoff, Englert, Nielsen, Batcharov, Pevny) including virtual reconstruction (Sanders, Monroy, Castro, Furuta) and the role of conservation in maritime archaeology (Hamilton, Wayne Smith). Chapters in Part III 'Ships and Shipwrecks' are generally regional in scope--both broad and specific--providing coverage of the current status of research in the majority of the Earth's oceans. Contributions include shipping and shipwrecks of the ancient Mediterranean (Polzer, Carlson, Rieth) and Red Sea (Blue), Medieval period shipping (Rose), Post-medieval ships and seafaring in the west (Hocker), South Africa (Boshoff), India (Gaur and Vora), East Asian shipbuilding (Sasaki), Australia (Staniforth), Historic period shipping in the Pacific (Van Tilburg), Steamships (Crisman), Caribbean (Leshikar-Denton), Northern Gulf of Mexico (Borgens), South America (Elkin) and the underwater archaeology of World War I and II (Neyland). Van Tilburg offers the major contribution to the maritime archaeology of Oceania in his chapter 'Historic Period Ships of the Pacific Ocean', which focuses mainly on the period of the Spanish Manila galleons to the 20th century. Van Tilburg discusses the significance of Pacific migration and trade using double-hulled voyaging canoes up to and including the historic period, while being cognisant of the 'invisibility' of traditional watercraft to magnetometers and the difficult logistics of working in such vast expanses of ocean (p. 589). Part IV 'Maritime Culture and Life Ashore' is recommended to anyone working with coastal archaeology and communities as it exhibits the need for integration of the concept of the 'maritime cultural landscape' with the mainstream archaeological community (p. 751). Contributions on 'The Maritime Cultural Landscape' (Westerdahl), 'Coastal Archaeology' (Ford), 'Submerged Prehistory in the North Sea' (Firth), 'Ancient Harbours in the Mediterranean' (Oleson and Hohlfelder), 'Shipyard Archaeology' (Moser), 'Ship Abandonment' (Richards) and 'Maritime Communities and Traditions' (Ransley) encompass cultural landscapes, archaeology, ethnography, prehistoric submerged landscapes, linguistics, economics and spiritual sites. …

Maritime archaeology: a technical handbook (2nd edn). Jeremy Green. Academic Press, London, 2004. ISBN: 0122986326

Archaeological ProspectionVolume 13, Issue 2 p. 137-138 Book Review Maritime archaeology: a technical handbook (2nd edn). Jeremy Green. Academic Press, London, 2004. ISBN: 0122986326 Graham Scott, Graham Scott Wessex Archaeology, SalisburySearch for more papers by this authorPaul Baggaley, Paul Baggaley Wessex Archaeology, SalisburySearch for more papers by this author Graham Scott, Graham Scott Wessex Archaeology, SalisburySearch for more papers by this authorPaul Baggaley, Paul Baggaley Wessex Archaeology, SalisburySearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.279AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume13, Issue2April/June 2006Pages 137-138 RelatedInformation

CONSTRUCTION OF CPIX DATA FOR FORECASTING AND MODELLING IN SOUTH AFRICA*

South Africa adopted inflation targeting in 2000, targeting the consumer price index excluding mortgage interest cost (or CPIX), for metropolitan and urban areas. Yet there is no clear technical account of the methodology of construction of the consumer price index (CPI) and CPIX by Statistics South Africa, as published by reputable government statistical agencies in other countries. This paper has two main goals. First, we aim to enhance transparency by explaining the CPI and CPIX methodology (as we understand it), and to encourage publication of an official technical handbook. We also raise various technical issues concerning CPI construction. Second, while the CPIX (metropolitan and urban areas) measure only became relevant to monetary policy setting and wage contracts from 2000, and is published monthly only from 1997, a far longer time series is required for the forecasting and modelling exercises of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), National Treasury and others. We produce estimates of CPIX (metropolitan areas) back to 1970, on a consistent methodology, using monthly price indices, the appropriate weights, and linking correctly when rebasing. The corresponding measure published by Statistics South Africa goes back only to 1994, and shows some troubling discrepancies with our measure. The SARB uses a quarterly approximation to historical CPIX in its forecast models. Our consistent monthly measure should lead to improved inflation modelling.

(1535) Proposal to Conserve the Name Eugenia bukobensis Engl. (Myrtaceae) with a Conserved Type

The name Eugenia bukobensis has been consistently used for a well-known and widespread tree particularly frequent and often a co-dominant around the northern end of Lake Victoria in Uganda and Tanzania and extending from northeastern Zambia to western Zaire, southwestern Ethiopia and western Kenya. It is cited in all the relevant local literature, for example Engler in Die Vegetation der Erde 9, Pflanzenwelt Africas 3 (2): 733. 1921; Eggeling, Indigenous Trees of Uganda: 153. 1940; Hora, Check-Lists Forest Trees and Shrubs British Empire 5. Tanganyika Territory Part 1: 84. 1940; Brenan, Check-Lists Forest Trees and Shrubs British Empire 5, Tanganyika Territory Part 2: 377. 1949; Eggeling & Dale, Indigenous Trees of Uganda ed. 2: 272. 1952; White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia: 302. 1962; Boutique, Flora Congo Belge, Myrtaceae: 25. 1968; Hamilton, A Field Guide to Uganda Forest Trees: 192. 1981; Friis in Fl. Ethiopia 2 (2): 75. 1996; Verdcourt in Kew Bull. 54: 47. 1999; Verdcourt in Flora of Tropical East Africa, Myrtaceae: 59 (2001). However, when Engler described Eugenia bukobensis he cited in synonymy E. cotinifolia Jacq. var. elliptica (Lam.) Bak. ex Engl. et Nied. (in Pflanzenwelt OstAfricas C: 287. 1895), which is based on Eugenia elliptica Lam. (Encycl. 3: 206. 1789), a species described from Mauritian material and not at all related to the plant from Bukoba in Tanzania. Technically the name E. bukobensis is, therefore, illegitimate and must be typified by the type of E. elliptica from Mauritius. There seems no doubt that Engler was referring back to a misidentification; his description is of a new species which had been misidentified in 1895 and he naturally drew attention to this. Unfortunately his method of doing so renders his own name illegitimate under the present Code. Conservation with a new type is therefore proposed here. In the protologue of E. bukobensis, Engler cited five Stuhlmann specimens which were all destroyed during World War II; I have therefore selected a specimen collected more recently just north of Bukoba as the conserved type. The tree is of ornamental value, mainly because of its beautiful white flowers and is sometimes planted as a live fence (Katende A.B. et al., Catalogue of economically important plants in Uganda. Botany Dept. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. 1998). Perhaps there is a great potential for developing this aspect as researchers in Uganda are seeking to encourage use of indigenous ornamentals. The fruits are widely eaten raw (Katende et al., Useful trees and shrubs for Uganda. Regional Soil Conservation, RSCU/SIDA. Technical Handbook Series 10, Nairobi. 1995; Bukenya Ziraba, R. The non-cultivated edible plants of Uganda. NAPRECA Monograph Series No 9. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 1996; Bukenya-Ziraba, R. Some non-cultivated edible plants of Uganda. In Timberlake, J. & Kativu, S. (eds.). African Plants. Biodiversity, Taxonomy and Uses. Proc. of the 1957 A.E.T.F.A.T. Congress, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1999). F. White tentatively sank E. bukobensis into E. capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. nyassensis (Engl.) F. White (Fl. Zamb.: 4: 190. 1978), but we do not think this is correct. Recent workers on the genus in southern Africa (cf. E. Retief in T. H. Arnold & B. C. de Wet, Plants of southern Africa: names and distributions. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 62: 523. 1993) do not accept his work on the genus. There are no synonyms and the alternative to conservation would be to produce a new name which would be confusing and irritating to local workers seeing that the current name has been in use for over a hundred

Book Reviews: Post-Process Theory: Beyond the Writing-Process Paradigm: Narrative and Professional Communication: The Technical Communicator's Handbook: The Internet Edge: Social, Technical, and Legal Challenges for a Networked World: Plato on Rhetoric and Language

Book Reviews: Post-Process Theory: Beyond the Writing-Process Paradigm: Narrative and Professional Communication: The Technical Communicator's Handbook: The Internet Edge: Social, Technical, and Legal Challenges for a Networked World: Plato on Rhetoric and Language

New technical handbook on sintered bearings from Glacier

New technical handbook on sintered bearings from Glacier

Prescription data as a tool in pharmacotherapy audit (II). The development of an instrument.

In many countries, prescription data are used as an instrument to provide feedback on prescribing. This article describes the development and implementation of a computer program as a tool for pharmacotherapy audit meetings and it illustrates the possibilities of such a program. The program was developed to support the optimisation of prescribing in the various stages of behavioural change. It enables pharmacists to make sophisticated overviews of prescribing by physicians in their audit group and furthermore, pharmacists can conduct drug utilisation studies or pharmaco-epidemiological studies in their own patient population. Forty percent of Dutch pharmacies have purchased the computer program since its introduction; it was distributed together with a technical handbook and a course book, which elaborated on the types of graphs available and their interpretation. An educational course was developed regarding the optimal selection and interpretation of graphs. Examples of prescription data as a tool to support various aims of audit meetings are given. The program is acknowledged as a welcome contribution to pharmacotherapy audit and to the pharmacists' advisory role in pharmacotherapy.

New technical handbook on sintered bearings from Glacier

New technical handbook on sintered bearings from Glacier

Finding a domain-appropriate sense inventory for semantically tagging a corpus

Semantically tagging a corpus is useful for many intermediate NLP tasks such as: acquisition of word argument structures in sublanguages; acquisition of syntactic disambiguation cues; terminology learning; etc. The general idea is that semantic tags allow the generalization of observed word patterns, and facilitate the discovery of recurrent sublanguage phenomena and selectional rules of various types. Yet, as opposed to POS tags in morphology, there is no consensus in the literature about the type and granularity of the semantic tags to be used. In this paper, we argue that an appropriate selection of semantic tags should be domain-dependent. We propose a method by which we select from WordNet an inventory of semantic tags that are ‘optimal’ for a given corpus, according to a scoring function defined as a linear combination of general and corpus-dependent performance factors. We believe that an optimal selection of a category inventory is a necessary premise for obtaining better results in all lexically learning algorithms that are based on, or concerned with, semantic categorization of words. Furthermore, an adequate inventory (one which intuitively ‘fits’ with the semantics of a domain, e.g. phenomenon for Natural Science, or part, piece for a technical handbook) may facilitate the manual annotation of large corpora.

An Introduction to Molecular Biology. Edited by Robert C. Tait. Pp. 346. Horizon ScientificPress, 1997. £59.99 hardback, ISBN 1 898486 09 3. £34.99 softback, ISBN 1 898486 08 5

The book, which is primarily a teaching aid aimed at a wide target audience, provides a short introductory course to the principles of molecular biology techniques.The drab appearance and cost of this manual belittle the wealth of easily accessed information presented in it. That, which appears to be yet another turgid introduction to the basics of molecular biology is, in fact, a technical handbook covering the whole spectrum of this complex subject in a simple way. The text provides a translation of the intricate subject of DNA technology and its terminology into everyday language. Each procedure is presented as blocks of information generously illustrated with self-explanatory figures which emphasize each point. The format allows incorporation of ideas and methodology into a teaching programme leading the student to understand not only the complexities of molecular biology but also its wider applications, for example its use in plant technology and medicine.