Technical Fields Research Articles

Research of Using the System Approach to Increase Professional Competence of Students in the Process of Studying Natural Sciences

The study deals with the formation of professional competence of future agricultural engineers in higher education institutions. Based on the analysis of modern concepts, we rethink the essence, purpose, and content of the training of future mechanical engineers from the perspective of the implementation of the competency approach. The purpose of the article is to study the formation of sustainable professional competence of future agricultural engineers in the process of studying natural sciences. We use theoretical research methods: study and analysis of psychological-pedagogical, normative and special literature on the research problem; analysis of state educational standards, programs, books and methodical materials. We have developed a structural-functional model of formation of professional competence of mechanical engineers, which will allow to ensure effective formation of professional competence of future specialists in the agricultural and technical field. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing the principle of professionally oriented training of future engineers in the process of forming their professional competence. It also proves the effectiveness of the formation of professional competences of future engineers with the aim of training highly qualified specialists in the agrarian and technical field.

METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMING NATIONAL AND PATRIOTIC VALUES

The article highlights the main methodological recommendations based on the best international and domestic pedagogical experience on reforming approaches to solving the problem of nationalpatriotic education and understanding by students of Ukrainian higher education institutions of the essence of the concept of «national identity» in the context of shaping the trajectory of a new evolutionary stage of civil society. New effective ways to modernize the methods of national-patriotic education in the context of unpredictable challenges of the Russian-Ukrainian war are proposed. From the standpoint of comparative historical analysis, the appropriation of Ukrainian history and culture by the imperial and totalitarian regimes of Russia is actualized as a clear example.The key issues of the process of forming national identity and its awareness by civil society are analyzed objectively and comprehensively. Possible ways of introducing nation-building guidelines into the system of educational process of higher education institutions of Ukraine at the present stage are considered. The article highlights and distinguishes the value aspect of the concept of «national identity», analyzes the life and creative path of prominent Ukrainians who were killed or persecuted by imperial and totalitarian regimes because of their Ukrainian origin and attempts to counteract Ukrainophobic ideology.The article substantiates the leading role of the creative heritage of the great Kobzar, Taras Shevchenko, as an intellectual whose biography was falsified and distorted by imperial and totalitarian ideological censorship. The author emphasizes the role of Taras Shevchenko as a key to understanding the essence of Ukrainian identity and his role as a moral authority of the Ukrainian nation.The author emphasizes the advanced achievements of Ukrainians in the field of engineering and technology to foster a patriotic sense of pride in the Ukrainian people and its recognition on a global scale. The article examines the activities of leading representatives of the scientific elite in the context of the human dimension of national culture and its nationally consolidating categories. In particular, theauthor lists the achievements in various scientific and technical fields that contributed to the intensification of national processes and the establishment of a positive image of Ukraine on a global scale. As part of the coverage of the stated topic, a number of issues related to the popularization of knowledge about the evolution of national culture and the dissemination of information about its achievements are considered. The author of the article proposes effective methods, forms and means of forming a nationally conscious citizen-patriot in the framework of teaching socio-humanitarian educational components in Ukrainian higher education institutions. Specific methodological recommendations are presented, examples are given that will allow to implement the theoreticalprovisions.The author's experience in teaching the educational component «History of Culture of Ukraine» in higher education institutions will contribute to the intellectual and professional development of teachers and improve their qualifications. The recommendations presented in the article will be useful in intensifying the process of national and patriotic education as the basis of the entire educational process in the context of the forced challenges of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The author emphasizes the importance of modernizing the content of education and introducing new innovative methods and forms of national-patriotic education and understanding the essence of the concept of «national identity» among higher education students as creators of the statehood future of Ukraine.

Highpoints of carbon nanotube nanocomposite sensors—A review

One dimensional hollow cylindrical carbon nanotube nanostructure has played essential role in nanotechnology advancements, since its discovery. In technical fields, carbon nanotube has been applied in pristine as well as in nanocomposite form. Consequently, carbon nanotube has been composited with various conductive and non-conducting matrices as per desired end purposes. In sensing technology, significant breakthroughs have been observed regarding multifunctional carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Common matrices used in this concern include conjugated polymers like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyaniline, etc. along with some thermoplastics like polyamide, polyurethane, etc. In these matrices, carbon nanotube can form percolation network for electron or charge transportation and may also develop interfacial interactions for fine compatibility, stability, and robustness. Sensing features of the ensuing carbon nanotube nanocomposites depend upon their interactions with the analyte (gasses/ions, biomolecules, or motion). Consequently, nanocomposites have been used to develop efficient gas sensors, strain sensors, and biosensors. Performance of carbon nanotube sensors have been analyzed depending upon the sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, reproducibility, and responses towards analytes.

A review of microbial fuel cell and its diversification in the development of green energy technology

The advancement of microbial fuel cell technology is rapidly growing, with extensive research and well-established methodologies for enhancing structural performance. This terminology attracts researchers to compare the MFC devices on a technological basis. The architectural and scientific successes of MFCs are only possible with the knowledge of engineering and technical fields. This involves the structure of MFCs, using substrates and architectural backbones regarding electrode advancement, separators and system parameter measures. Knowing about the MFCs facilitates the systematic knowledge of engineering and scientific principles. The current situation of rapid urbanization and industrial growth is demanding the augmented engineering goods and production which results in unsolicited burden on traditional wastewater treatment plants. Consequently, posing health hazards and disturbing aquatic veracity due to partial and untreated wastewater. Therefore, it's sensible to evaluate the performance of MFCs as an unconventional treatment method over conventional one to treat the wastewater. However, MFCs some benefits like power generation, stumpy carbon emission and wastewater treatment are the main reasons behind the implementation. Nonetheless, few challenges like low power generation, scaling up are still the major areas needs to be focused so as to make MFCs sustainable one. We have focused on few archetypes which majorities have been laboratory scale in operations. To ensure the efficiency MFCs are needed to integrate and compatible with conventional wastewater treatment schemes. This review intended to explore the diversification in architecture of MFCs, exploration of MFCs ingredients and to provide the foreseen platform for the researchers in one source, so as to establish the channel for scaling up the technology. Further, the present review show that the MFC with different polymer membranes and cathode and anode modification presents significant role for potential commercial applications after change the system form prototype to pilot scale.

Research and application of collector line sizing in wind power field area

Wind power generation has significant advantages such as huge reserves, energy and environmental protection, and thus is increasingly being emphasized by countries around the world, with rapid development momentum; in the design of wind farms, the selection of collector lines is not only a necessary guarantee for the safe and stable operation of wind farm lines, but also a powerful embodiment of the economics of project planning and construction; this paper presents a comprehensive analysis and detailed study of the selection basis of collector lines from the technical fields such as voltage level, laying form and so on of the collector lines of wind farms, combined with the necessary economic requirements of the project construction. This paper starts from the wind farm collector line voltage level, laying form and other technical fields, combined with the necessary economic requirements of engineering construction, the collector line selection basis for comprehensive analysis and detailed study, based on the economic factors affecting the collector line selection calculation basis, and the applicability of the selection results for demonstration. This study provides an in-depth discussion on the selection of collector lines for a certain plateau wind farm, and systematically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different collector line scenarios by means of a comprehensive technical and economic analysis. The results of the study show that in this particular scenario, the direct-buried cable scheme exhibits significant advantages in terms of comprehensive economic indicators. This finding emphasizes the key role of rational and optimized collector line design in the construction of wind farms, which not only helps to reduce the initial investment cost, but also improves the economic efficiency of wind farms in long-term operation. Through scientific selection and design optimization, wind farms can achieve power transmission more efficiently and economically, thus enhancing the competitiveness of renewable energy in the context of the current energy transition.

Cуть та структура іншомовної професійної компетентності студентів технічних спеціальностей

The article examines the fact that in modern state standards of higher education, from a number of areas of training of students of technical specialties, mastering a foreign language is presented at once in two competences. At the same time, if previously the goal of foreign language learning in higher education institutions was the formation of foreign language communicative competence and all components in the social, everyday and sociocultural spheres of communication, then modern state standards of higher education also emphasize the formation of communicative competence in the professional sphere of communication. It was found that such an expansion of the spheres of using a foreign language as a means of communication contributed to the designation of the formation of professional foreign language communicative competence as one of the main goals of teaching a professional foreign language to students of technical specialties. At the same time, scientists have not yet reached a consensus regarding the structure and component composition of professional foreign language communicative competence. The history of the issue is considered, the structure and component composition of the professional foreign language communicative competence of students of technical specialties is proposed. Structurally, students' professional foreign language communicative competence includes two components: foreign language communicative and professional. Foreign language communicative consists of five sub-competencies: linguistic, language, socio-cultural, compensatory and educational-cognitive. The professional component includes knowledge in a specific field of professional activity and professional activities of specialists in a specific field of training. It has been investigated that this component will largely determine the content of training components of foreign language communicative competence, adding professionally-oriented subject content to the training process, which reflects the specialty of specialists in the technical field. In addition, it was established that as a level category, professional foreign language communicative competence of students consists of five components: value-motivational, cognitive, operational, communicative, reflective. The content of these components is described in detail in the work.

Research on the development trend of green building in China from the perspective of patent

Based on Innojoy patent search engine, this paper analyzes the patent type, technical fields, innovation activity, life cycle and patent value of green building in China. The development trend of green building in China is summarized. Suggestions were put forward to promote the development of China’s green building industry. It is found that the overall development trend of China’s green building is good, and it is in the growth stage of the technology life cycle, and the development potential is huge. Green building gradually runs through the whole process of construction, and the application scope continues to expand. Technological innovation is the core driving force for the development of green building.

Thin free-standing liquid films manipulation: device design to turn on/off gravity in flow regimes for thickness map control and for material structuring.

The manipulation and control of free-standing liquid film drainage dynamics is of paramount importance in many technological fields and related products, ranging from liquid lenses to liquid foams and 2D structures. In this context, we theoretically design and introduce a device where we can reversibly drive flow regime switch between viscous-capillary and viscous-gravity in a thin free-standing liquid film by altering its shape, allowing us to manipulate and stabilize the film thickness over time. The device, which mainly consists of a syringe pump, a pressure transducer, and a 3D-printed cylinder, is coupled with a digital holography setup to measure, in real time, the evolution of the local film thickness map, revealing characteristic features of viscous-capillary and viscous-gravity driven drainage regimes. By using polyvinyl alcohol/water concentrated solutions, we are also able to produce viscoelastic membranes after manipulation and water evaporation, which presents manipulation history-dependent geometrical properties. Furthermore, using a system composed of carboxymethyl cellulose, water, and rod-like zinc oxide nanoparticles, we show a clear effect of film manipulation on particle rearrangement. We believe this device could represent a starting point for the development of a useful and practical tool to study thin liquid film dynamics and to produce novel (patterned) 2D structures for the numerous scientific and technical fields where they are of use.

Influence of geometric factors on the heat transfer characteristics of two-phase thermosyphons

Thermosyphons are two-phase closed heat exchange systems that contain a certain amount of liquid and utilize the latent heat of vaporization and condensation to transfer heat between the heat source and the heat sink without any external devices. They are a type of heat pipe that lacks a capillary structure, so the return of the condensed coolant from the condensation zone to the heating zone is driven by gravitational forces. Due to the absence of a capillary structure, thermosyphons exhibit lower resistance to the movement of the vapor-liquid mixture from the heating zone to the condensation zone, as well as to the return flow of the condensate. A distinctive feature of such systems is their high equivalent thermal conductivity, which is several orders of magnitude greater than that of natural metals (such as copper or silver). Because of their superior heat transfer characteristics, thermosyphons are widely used in various technical fields, including the chemical and petroleum industries, electronics, telecommunications devices, energy storage systems, and geothermal heating systems, among others. This paper presents experimental data on the heat transfer characteristics of two-phase thermosyphons with an internal diameter of 9 mm and lengths of 500, 700, and 1000 mm, using water as the coolant. The filling ratio (Fr) varied from 0.3 to 1.2. The length of the condensation zone was the same for all thermosyphons. The study was conducted with the thermosyphons oriented vertically at an angle of 90° relative to the horizontal. The influence of the filling ratio and the effective length of the thermosyphons on the minimum thermal resistance, the maximum heat flux, and the equivalent thermal conductivity is analyzed.

Торгово-экономические и научно-технические связи США и СССР в годы разрядки

The topic of cooperation between the USSR and the USA in the economic, scientific and technical fields during the years of detente in bilateral relations (1969–1979) has been developed by American and European historians, political scientists, economists and experts in international relations theory for 50 years. This review describes the main stages of evolution of the foreign historiography on this problem. The authors consider the development of trade relations, technological exchanges and cooperation in the field of science as a coherent whole due to their “multilayered nature” and cumulative impact on the overall dynamics and final results of the Cold War. It is noted that from the very beginning, the formation of investigative issues was greatly influenced by theoretical works, as well as memoirs and diaries of American statesmen, Presidents, Secretaries of State, Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs, who were direct participants in the events. It is proved that in modern foreign studies, there is a tendency to belittle the significance of the experience of detente as a special model of relations between the East and the West. There is an attitude to the achievements of the exploratory programs implemented in those years as something situational and insignificant. Another conclusion concerns the difference in the emphasis of domestic and foreign authors regarding the choice of research issues. While the former tend to pay attention to the potential, implemented and missed opportunities of scientific and technical cooperation between the two superpowers during the period of relative thaw, the latter focus on studying the U.S. trade policy, but the transfer of technologies and high-tech products is considered in the context of discriminatory restrictions caused by the logic of the Cold War. While Russian authors, as a rule, emphasize the equal and mutually beneficial nature of cooperation in the scientific and technical sphere, American and European historians point to the USSR lagging behind in the development and introduction of new technologies into production by the mid‑1970s, a greater interest in cooperation and, as a result, a more vulnerable position in the negotiation and bargaining.

Research and design of an efficient adaptive drive with balancing friction coupling

Currently, research related to the automation of processes, systems and devices are of high relevance in the scientific and technical field: in the aerospace industry, robotics and electric transport technology. Successful automation of facilities and processes requires simplified control systems, and an adaptive mechanical system operates without a control system, which increases its reliability and efficiency. In particular, the creation of an efficient and reliable transmission of electric autonomous and mobile vehicles can be achieved by an adaptive mechanical drive with two degrees of freedom. Adaptation of the two-mobile system (2-DoF) is achieved by the proposed completely new type of transmission, namely the design of a stepless multi-speed drive with an additional friction coupling. The property of reliable adaptation of a two-mobile self-adjusting mechanical drive is independent adaptability to an external load with the help of a balancing friction coupling that provides a connection between the frictional moment and the relative angular velocity. The article presents a study of the interaction of the parameters of a two mobile system in order to improve the efficiency of a self-adjusting adaptive drive with a given wide range of regulation based on the use of a friction coupling.

Concise review of recent advances and applications of the electron linear accelerator ELU-4 in scientific and technical fields

Concise review of recent advances and applications of the electron linear accelerator ELU-4 in scientific and technical fields

Research on standards and standard system of hydrogen pipeline in China

Pipeline hydrogen transport is one of the main technical paths to achieve large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen energy, and standards are important technical support for pipeline hydrogen transport applications. China’s hydrogen pipeline construction started late, and a relatively complete hydrogen pipeline standard system has been established in the world, but China’s hydrogen pipeline standard system has not been established, the lack of key technical standards and other problems. This paper investigates the current situation of hydrogen transport pipeline standards and the applicability to China. A standard system is preliminarily constructed for hydrogen transport pipelines, including 6 sub-systems and 23 technical standard fields. Some suggestions are put forward for the development of China’s hydrogen pipeline standardization.

Practical Exploration of Augmented Reality Technology in Engineering Project Site Management

Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of augmented reality technology, its technical application fields have become more and more extensive. This paper studies the application of augmented reality technology in engineering projects, mainly including target detection technology, feature matching technology, and 3D modeling technology. The article first improves YOLOv5 based on the original YOLOv5 algorithm by integrating the attention mechanism. The SURF algorithm is improved, the FAST-SURF algorithm is adopted for feature extraction and matching of images, and an engineering project simulation system is designed using augmented reality technology. Then, the improved YOLOv5 algorithm was tested for performance, and the experiment concluded that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm has high precision and recall. For experimental analysis of image stabilization based on feature matching, the ORB model and FAST-SURF were used. The experimental results are in line with expectations, and FAST-SURF has a good virtual fusion effect for images. This paper takes the electromechanical engineering project as a case for simulation experiments and uses Monte Carlo method simulation to verify the reliability of the method, for which traditional technology and augmented reality technology were used to predict the project duration of the project engineering. The results show that the project duration prediction cycle based on augmented reality technology is shorter, the project plan is more feasible, and the probability of achieving the project duration with augmented reality technology is stable at about 40.

IEEE Technical Field Award

IEEE Technical Field Award

UNRAVELLING THE ART OF DECOMPRESSING ENGLISH-LANGUAGE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS IN UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS

The study of decompression, an often neglected aspect of translation studies, elucidates its role in translational transformations leading to increased lexical and symbolic volumes. The subtleties of translating scientific and technical texts into English into Ukrainian become obvious when dealing with such problems as dense and complex content, special terminology, and the dynamic development of scientific fields. The added difficulty of maintaining logical consistency and coherence while ensuring understanding further complicates the translation process. To solve these difficulties, decompression in Ukrainian translations requires a multifaceted approach that combines linguistic knowledge and subject expertise. Initiating research into the phenomenon of decompression in the context of information translation from English to Ukrainian, this article uses a comprehensive research approach. By analysing a variety of English-language scientific and technical texts, the study reveals the intricate details of this transformational process. The focus is on understanding the impact of decompression on both the volume and clarity of translated texts, shedding light on the dynamic interaction between languages and the challenges of maintaining fidelity to source materials across linguistic and cultural differences. This study marks the beginning of a fine-grained understanding of decompression in technical translation. Future research should further explore the intricacies of decompression, contributing to the development of practical tools that will facilitate more effective cross-cultural communication in scientific and technical fields. By addressing the challenges associated with decompression, future research efforts can improve the accuracy and accessibility of translated scientific and technical content, further bridging the language gap and facilitating the seamless exchange of knowledge across different linguistic landscapes.

Курсовая работа по инженерной графике как первый опыт конструирования

One of the priorities for higher education and the country as a whole today is serious engineering education. Geometric and graphic disciplines are the first ones directly related to the specialty in the curricula of any technical field of training. The extent of this stage cannot be underestimated: they carry out the required program work, students study the rules and modern means of developing design documents, and receive basic knowledge to continue mastering specialized courses.
 However, simply knowing the standards or being able to work with computer-aided design tools to solve engineering problems is not enough. A design engineer is a creator, an inventor. This means that one of the main tasks of teachers is to form a systematic technical, design thinking based on developed spatial imagination, the ability to think comprehensively, logically and creatively, and manifested in the ability to take specific actions to solve emerging problems and tasks, make decisions to achieve a specific result in the form of a technical product, a finished design based on the selected technology.
 This article explores the possibilities of including design elements in educational tasks at the initial stage of training students of mechanical engineering specialties. A description of the course work carried out in the third semester as part of the engineering graphics course at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University is presented.
 According to the assignment, students develop design documentation for the product according to the diagram, description of the operating principle of the device and drawings of the main parts, make, if necessary, changes to the design to increase the manufacturability of parts and assembly and improve the technical and consumer properties of the product, and one of the parts, as directed teacher, is replaced by a welded assembly unit.
 The article sets the goals and objectives of the work, describes the stages of implementation and the role of the teacher, and also developed a training manual to ensure independent work of students. An assessment was made of the first experience of using the technique. Conclusions and recommendations are presented.

A Reflection on Paradoxes and Double Binds in the Workplace in the Era of Super-Diversity

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a largely technical field, still guided by a biomedical model of health that seeks to isolate factors that cause injury. Despite a growing literature on organisational and managerial factors influencing occupational health, their full integration into the OHS concept has been slow. A broader understanding is still needed to recognise the restructuring of work and the link between well-being at work and management style. In the context of a rapidly changing world of work, increasing workforce diversity, and inequality, OHS needs to take account of the social sciences and humanities to broaden its reductionist vision. Occupational illnesses, distress, and suffering, especially in relation to relational or organisational issues, have no initial cause or specific ontology; they result from a long-standing process or repetitive relational pattern that needs to be exposed and understood in greater depth, considering contextual factors and dynamics. Using the authors’ anthropological backgrounds and the basic principles of the double bind theory developed many decades ago by Gregory Bateson and his colleagues at the Palo Alto School of Communication, we propose a reflection on pragmatic paradoxes or double bind situations in the workplace (which can be briefly defined as the presence of contradictory or conflicting demands or messages), their potential impact on workers’ health and well-being, and how to resolve them. This paper sought to explore the world of pragmatic paradoxes and double binds by discussing different categories, types, or forms of paradoxes/double binds that occur in the context of occupational health and their underlying mechanisms. It also includes a discussion of the possible link to the concept of super-diversity, as it too is associated with migration channels, employment, gendered flows, and local systems. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of this understanding for health professionals, researchers, and policymakers, from a perspective of promoting more holistic and context-sensitive interactional approaches to occupational health.

A computational ascertainment of Hall and ion slip implications over a stretched regime with chemical reaction and internal heat source

This study is inspired by the emerging importance of micropolar fluids in a variety of scientific and technical fields due to varied uses and effective thermal activities. Potential applications of these fluids include cancer treatment, magnetic refrigeration, drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Hall and ion repercussions on unstable magneto micropolar liquid beyond a stretched sheet are described in this article. By using the bvp4c, the resulting non-sequential coupled PDEs are transfigured into a system of coupled non-consecutive ODEs, which are remedied by a numerical procedure. An impact of various governing non-dimensional factors on velocity, angular momentum, temperature, concentration, wall friction, couple stress, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, is indicated graphically. The main finding specifies that Hall and Ion impacts influence velocity and with increased Hall and Ion effects, velocity raised as well as thermal boundary layer reduced. When compared to previous findings in the literature, the current findings indicate a splendid agreement. The predominant uses of this issue are in solar cell systems, such as solar water pumps, manufacturing and production processes, motion in plasmas, furnace design, nuclear power plants, and solar aircraft wings.

STEM EDUCATION IN PHYSICS: DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY STAND FOCUSED ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MINI-PROJECTS

Currently, new technologies are widely used in the context of the development of the information society, secondary and higher education. The use of digital tools, STEM resources, 3D modeling programs and 3D printing equipment, laboratory stands made with their own hands has been widely used in the educational process. All these conditions are aimed at preparing future specialists to meet the requirements of the XXI century. Physics as a fundamental science is one of the fundamental disciplines in the field of STEM. Therefore, the use of STEM elements in teaching physics has a huge impact on the development of the activities of future specialists in the engineering and technical field. Especially STEM products and laboratory stands, developed by students in conjunction with the teacher's guidance, increase the effectiveness of the educational process. This will make it possible to create creative products and thereby develop the scientific and technical industry of the country. The purpose of this study is to implement physics education in universities on the basis of interdisciplinary connections through mini-projects and the development of educational and research stands and to determine the features of their implementation in the educational process. The research used methods of systematic analysis of articles published in highly rated journals, 3D modeling and printing methods, as well as constructive research methods. In addition, qualitative research methods were used in the pedagogical process. The results of the study showed that the development of laboratory stands for the implementation of mini-projects, thereby developing the creativity of students, is of great importance. It became known that students are actively involved in engineering, are interested in this area and increase their knowledge level when performing mini-projects. The results of the study will allow new areas of research to appear in the future, improve the methodology of teaching physics at universities, combine knowledge with science and industry.