Technical Efficiency Of Wheat Production Research Articles

Does Solar-Powered Irrigation System Usage Increase the Technical Efficiency of Crop Production? New Insights from Rural Areas

Fossil fuel and electricity-powered irrigation techniques boost the water availability expense and increase greenhouse gas emissions. Especially in developing countries, solar-powered irrigation is becoming more popular as a response to the growing energy and environmental issues associated with agriculture systems. The existing study used data from 1080 wheat farmers in Balochistan, Pakistan, to investigate the impact of solar-powered irrigation system (SPIS) usage on the technical efficiency (TE) of wheat production. The TE of wheat production is estimated using a stochastic frontier production function, and the potential self-selectivity bias is addressed using an endogenous switching regression model. The findings indicated that 13.7% of the wheat cultivators assessed used SPISs to produce their crops. Using an endogenous switching regression model shows that SPIS usage increases the TE of wheat growers by 6.657%, after controlling for self-selection bias. While using SPISs, wheat farmers with large farms and farming familiarity had stronger positive effects on TE. The results highlight the need for more investigation and research into evidence-based good practice for SPIS solutions at the site level to ensure that the rollout of modern equipment not only drives the energy sector forward but also contributes significantly to our level playing field and sustainable environment.

Can the outsourcing improve the technical efficiency of wheat production with fertilization and pesticide application? Evidence from China

Fertilizer and pesticide inputs (FPI) can provide the growth of wheat production while causing environmental pollution and agri-product quality decline. Agricultural production outsourcing has been introduced to solve the above-mentioned dilemmas. It is noteworthy whether agricultural production outsourcing can improve technical efficiency (TE) by optimizing resource allocation. The study aims to examine the effect of outsourcing of fertilization and pesticide application (OF and OPA) on TE. It also tests moderating effect of plot and contiguous cropping (CC) based on 1018 farmers from three provinces. The results demonstrated: (a) The cost OF and OPA had a negative and then positive impact on TE. (b) The moderating effects of plot and CC were tested. (c) Smaller-than-average groups were more sensitive to cost of the OF and OPA. The findings implied: (a) Negative effect of outsourcing can be mitigated by formulating a standard for application of fertilization and pesticide and developing an insurance market. Training should be provided so that farmers can choose the appropriate times of outsourcing. (b) High-standard farmland construction and CC are essential strategic orientation in agricultural development. (c) Farmers with different endowments should be guided to reasonably purchase OF and OPA, and subsidy should be provided.

Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in the Gezira Scheme

This study was carried out to measure the technical efficiencyof wheat production in the Gezira scheme and to determine the mostimportant socio-economic factors affecting this efficiency, using thestochastic production frontier model. Primary and secondary data wereused. The former were collected from a random sample of 100 farmersfrom Waddel Mansi sector of the Gezira scheme, while the latter werecollected from relevant sources. The results showed that the meantechnical efficiency was 0.73, which means that the scheme produced73% of the possible wheat production at the current levels of productioninputs and technology. In other words, wheat production could have beenincreased by 27%, at the same levels of inputs had farmers beentechnically efficient. The results also showed that 97% of wheat outputdeviations from normal were caused by differences in farmers' levels oftechnical efficiencies and were not due to the out of control randomnature of the agricultural production. Wheat area, sowing date, degree ofinfection with pests and diseases, number of insufficient irrigations andfarmers' experience appeared to be the most important factors determiningwheat output in the Gezira scheme. The off-farm income appeared to havenegative effects on wheat production, because of its timing contradictionswith some important agricultural operations. The farmers' gender, landtenure, land preparation, marital status and farm location with respect tothe irrigation canal, represented the most important socio-economicfactors determining farmers' efficiencies of wheat production in theGezira scheme.

Avaliação da eficiência técnica da produção de trigo dos agricultores com base no aumento da renda

ABSTRACT: Based on the goal of income increasing, this research uses the DEA-BCC model under the input and the output orientation to estimate the differences and changes in the technical efficiency of wheat production by farmers of different scales based on the survey data of 1669 farmers’ wheat production from China’s main wheat-producing regions. Results showed that there are significant differences in the technical efficiency of farmer’s wheat production and the optimal scale of efficiency under the input and the output orientation. The relationship between farmers’ planting scale and efficiency is characterized by U-shaped curves and inverted U-shaped curves respectively. The wheat production technical efficiency of farmers in most major grain production areas is in a DEA ineffective state, and agricultural technical efficiency needs to be improved.

Off-farm work and technical efficiency of wheat production: An analysis accounting for multiple dimensions of off-farm work

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the impacts of off-farm work on the technical efficiency (TE) of wheat production, using data collected from 549 farming households in China. Unlike previous studies that only capture one dimension of off-farm work, in this study, we consider multiple dimensions, including off-farm work participation status of household heads, location choices (local or migrated off-farm work), and off-farm work intensity. We employ the stochastic frontier production model to estimate the TE of wheat production and a two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) approach to address the endogeneity of the off-farm work variables. We find that: (1) household heads’ off-farm work participation significantly increases TE of wheat production; (2) local (rather than migrated) off-farm work participation significantly increases TE; (3) off-farm work intensity significantly increases TE when household heads work off the farm for more than 9 months. Additional analysis reveals that off-farm work participation of household heads, rather than other members, plays a significant role in improving the TE of wheat production.

Agricultural Policies and Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Kazakhstan and Russia: Evidence from a Stochastic Frontier Approach

AbstractWe utilize a unique primary data set of farms in Russia and Kazakhstan to investigate the link between policy reforms and technical efficiency. These countries have heavily subsidized their domestic agricultural production over the last decade, with a total of around USD 76 billion USD and USD 11.5 billion USD in government funding directed towards the agricultural sectors in Russia and Kazakhstan, respectively. Results of a stochastic frontier analysis make evident that variable inputs, such as fertilizer, have a relatively large influence on wheat production compared to land. Nearly every fifth farm has a technical efficiency level lower than 60%, suggesting significant unrealized production potential. While our analysis shows a negative relation between subsidies and efficiency, other factors, such as farmer’s education, cooperative and agroholding membership, and participation in insurance programs, are positively related to farm efficiency. The results imply that the governments and policymakers could mobilize the unutilized wheat production potential by improving the farmer education system, fostering cooperation among farms, and developing functioning farm insurance schemes.

Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Major Wheat Producing States of India: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

This study was conducted to estimate the technical efficiency of wheat production in major wheat-producing states of India using secondary data for the period 2000-01 to 2016-17. The area of study comprised those states which covered more than 80 per cent of wheat production in India, i.e., Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Haryana. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate the state-specific technical efficiency in wheat production. The results showed that the technical efficiency in wheat production increased over time The correlation coefficient between mean technical efficiency and growth rate of yield was strongly positive and highly significant, revealing that the higher technical efficiency was directly reflected in higher yield from wheat cultivation.

E-commerce Adoption and Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in China

Improving technical efficiency (TE) is crucial for the sustainable growth of smallholder agriculture in developing countries. While there has been a large literature investigating the determinants of smallholders’ agricultural technical efficiency, little is known about the effect of e-commerce on agriculture and crop production efficiency despite the growing importance of rural e-commerce in developing countries. This study, therefore, bridges the research gap by examining the impact of e-commerce adoption on TE using household survey data of wheat farmers in China. We employ the combination of propensity score matching (PSM) and a selectivity-corrected stochastic production frontier model to address the possible selection biases stemming from both observable and unobservable factors. We found that e-commerce adoption would lead to a 2.75 per cent increase in the technical efficiency of wheat production. Our study also complements the existing research of rural e-commerce, which mainly focuses on the benefits of e-commerce from the perspective of market opportunity and farmers’ welfare.

Cost Structure and Production Efficiency of Small Scale Wheat Farms in Punjab

The present investigation estimated the cost and return structure and technical efficiency in wheat production in Punjab. A sample of 280 farmers consisting of 121 marginal and 159 small farmers was selected, and the per hectare cost of cultivation and gross returns were recorded to be 65503.64 and 87590.86 on marginal farms and 62117.95 and 85036.13 on small farms. The study revealed the mean technical efficiency of 82.04 percent in Punjab state. Only 8.93 percent of the farmers operated with more than 90 percent technical efficiency. Operational area and education were the most influential determinants of technical efficiency.

Comparative Analysis of technical efficiency of wheat production in row planting and broadcasting methods: Empirical evidence from southern Ethiopia

A Cobb–Douglas stochastic production frontier was used to analyze the technical efficiency of wheat producers under row planting and broadcasting methods in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. The estimated results of the Cobb–Douglas frontier model show that the mean technical efficiency was 83.4% and 57.8% under row planting and broadcasting, respectively. Approximately 646.882 kg/ha under row planting and 1393.038 kg/ha under broadcasting of wheat output were lost due to inefficiency. This reveals that under the existing practices there is a room to increase wheat yield more under broadcasting (42.2%) than row planting (16.6%) following the best-practice farms in the study area. The SPF model indicates that NPS, urea, labour and seed are significant determinants of wheat production level in both methods. The estimated SPF model together with the inefficiency parameters show that education, age, fertility status of the plot, family size, land fragmentation and extension contact were the main factors that had a significant influence on technical inefficiency of wheat farmers. Hence, emphasis should be given to improving the efficiency level of those less efficient farmers by adopting the practices of relatively efficient farmers in the area.

Technical Efficiency of Wheat Producing Farmers in the Case of Bale Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: An Application of Stochastic Frontier Approach

This study was designed to investigate the level of wheat producing farmer’s efficiency and its major determining factors in Bale zone. Both primary and secondary information were collected and multi stage sampling techniques was used to collect the primary information. In the first stage, three woredas were identified purposively for the main reasons that wheat is the most important cereal crops produced in the districts. In the second stage, two administrative kebeles were purposively selected for similar reason of potential wheat production, and in sum 6 administrative kebeles were selected and the total sample size (n) of 344 households was determined. Stochastic production frontier approach was used in this study which Cobb-Douglas production functional was selected for the study. Given the functional form used, estimation procedure implemented, distributional assumption of the inefficient effect, ui, the mean technical efficiency is estimated to be 67%. This value indicates that most farmers are not technically efficient in producing wheat in the study area in that on average they can increase the output they are currently obtaining by 33 percent without increasing the existing level of inputs; labor, area and seed. Education attainment of the household , sex of household head, asset owned , extension contact, membership in iddir, distance to nearby all wheather road, family size,and adption of new variety seed were identified to be the variables significanlty affecting the efficiency of wheat producing farmers . Government should work further to improve educational status of farmers, strengthen the effectiveness of extension services in order to enhance the level of household’s technical efficiency and there should also be effective way to disseminate new variety seeds and new technologies in order to enhance technical efficiency of wheat production. Keywords: efficiency, technical efficiency, wheat production, food security DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-11-07 Publication date: June 30th 2020

Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Wheat Producers in Simada District of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the major staple cereal crops in Ethiopia. High productivity and efficiency in its production is critical to improve food security, reduce the level of poverty and achieve agricultural growth. Therefore, the objective of study was to measure the level of technical efficiency of wheat producers and to identify factors that contribute for efficiency differences among smallholder farmers in the study area. The study was based on cross-sectional data collected from 154 wheat producer farmers by multi- stag sampling technique during 2017/18 production season. Technical efficiency of sampled farmer in wheat production was estimated by Cobb-Douglas functional form in stochastic frontier model (SFM) with single stage estimation method. The estimated SFM indicated that land, labor and seed were significantly and positively influence wheat production at1 percent of significant level. However, urea was negatively influence wheat production at 10 percent of significant level. Production function in wheat production existed in increasing return to scale (1.22). The estimated gamma (γ) parameter was about 0.29.It indicated that the relative deviations of actual output from the frontier output due to inefficiency. The estimated mean level of TE of wheat producers was 0.79. From specific socioeconomic and institutional factors hypothesized that influence technical efficiency of farmers in wheat production, credit access and frequency of extension contact were significantly and positively influence the level of technical efficiency in wheat production at 10 percent of significance level. Education level was significantly and negatively influences the level of technical efficiency in wheat production at10 percent of significance level. Raw sowing and frequency of plowing were significantly and negatively influence the level of technical efficiency in wheat production at 5and1 percent of significance level, respectively. Therefore, the study suggested the above mentioned significant variables have important for policy implications in that development programs may give fruitful attention so as to mitigate the existing level of inefficiency of farmers in the production of wheat in study area. Keywords: Technical Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier Model, Single Stage Estimation, Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-13-04 Publication date :July 31 st 2019

Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Wheat Production in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is the second largest wheat producing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and most people rely on rain fed agriculture for their livelihoods. Wheat production has increased from 2,176,603 tons in 2005 to 4,219,257 tons in 2016 with 51.6% production volume increment. However, this production cannot meet the consumption demand and obliged to import wheat because of rapid population growth. This study intended to determine the technical efficiency of smallholder wheat farmers in Ethiopia. The main objective of study was to examine the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors on technical efficiency of small holder wheat farmers in Ethiopia. The study used household level cross sectional data collected in 2015/16 cropping season from 1611 sample farmers selected by multistage sampling technique. A stochastic production frontier and two-limit Tobit regression models were used to estimate level of technical efficiency and identify factors affecting technical efficiency respectively. The study indicated that the average technical efficiency level of wheat producing farmers was 62% implying that there was technical efficiency variation among smallholder farmers in the study area. The result implied that there is an opportunity for wheat producers to increase output at existing levels of inputs with present technologies. By shifting the average farmer to the production frontier, the average yield would increase by 0.5 tons per hectare. The two-limit Tobit regression model results showed that experience of growing wheat, family size, own farm labor, livestock size, extension contact and training had positive and significant effect on technical efficiency. However, distant wheat plot have a negative and significance effect on technical efficiency level of the farmers. This suggests attention to productivity gains arising from efficient use of existing technologies is necessary. Therefore, the study suggested, policies and strategies should be directed towards increasing productivity through improving efficiency of the production process.

Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Horo District of Horoguduru Wollega Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia

The aim of the study was to measure the levels of technical efficiency of wheat producers and identify factors affecting them in Horo district of Horoguduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The study was based on cross-sectional data collected in 2016/17 production season from 124 randomly selected farm households. Stochastic production frontier model was used to estimate technical efficiency levels and used to identify factors affecting efficiency levels. Accordingly, the mean technical efficiency of sample household’s was 63.9%.The results indicated that there was substantial amount of in efficiency in wheat production in the study area. Land, seed, DAP and chemical were the variables that positively affected the production of wheat. Results of the factor model revealed that family size, experience in wheat production and extension contact positively and significantly affected technical efficiency. Total cultivated land had a significant negative effect on technical efficiency. Results indicate that there is a room to increase the efficiency in wheat production of the study area. Therefore, government authorities and other concerned bodies should take into consideration the above mentioned socio economic and institutional factors to improve the productivity of wheat in the study area. Keywords : Horo district, technical efficiency, wheat, stochastic DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-13-03 Publication date :July 31 st 2019

Will land transfer always increase technical efficiency in China?—A land cost perspective

The increasingly open market in China has ushered significant changes in the Chinese agricultural sector. Most existing research indicates that land transfer improves technical efficiency. However, this study finds that from the perspective of land cost, land transfer will have a negative impact on technical efficiency in China. With the development of agricultural moderate-scale operation, land cost continues to rise. From 2009 to 2016, land transfer price in Jiangsu Province rose from 3412.5 CNY/hm2 to 11,866.5 CNY/hm2, accounting for 38.1% of the total production cost. These are high prices, even at the international level. A further empirical test shows that land cost has an inverted “U” shape effect on the technical efficiency of wheat production. In other words, when the land cost for two growing seasons exceeds 3514.35 CNY/hm2 or the land cost for the wheat growing season is above 1665.45 CNY/hm2, increasing the land cost will further reduce the competitiveness of the wheat industry. To develop Chinese agriculture, it is necessary to internalize and market land cost through land contract cooperation and land custody. It is also possible to consider establishing a land-transfer insurance system and promote the sustainable development of land transfer.

An Estimation of Resource Use Efficiency of Large Farmers in Punjab

Wheat and paddy were the principal crops grown on the large areas of farms in Punjab. The results indicated that the variance parameters o2 and a have positive coefficient and were statistically significant at one per cent level. This provides statistical confirmation that the shortfall of the realized productivity from frontier was due to the technical efficiency and was mainly with in the control of the farmer. The technical inefficiency analysis indicated that there existed a considerable potential for increasing the yield of wheat and paddy on large farms at the existing level of resources and technology. The mean technical efficiency in wheat production on large farms came out to be 88.6, 94.8, and 89.5 per cent for Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III. The result signified that farmers of Zone-II did not have much scope to increase productivity of wheat through technical efficiency improvement. While large farmer of Zone-I and Zone-III can increase wheat yield upto11.4 and 10.5 per cent. The mean technical efficiency in paddy production on large farms comes out to be 84.6, 89.40, and 85.75 per cent for Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III which signified that the large farmer of all the zones can increase the paddy yield by 15.4, 10.60, and by 14.25 per cent in Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III respectively. This necessitates the proper management of variable inputs in all zones.

English

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia, ranking fourth in total cereals production (16%) next to maize, sorghum and teff. Despite its potential for wheat grain production, Ethiopia falls short of being self-sufficient in wheat, and is currently a net importer of wheat grain. This study examines levels of and determinants of technical efficiency of wheat producing farmers in Ethiopia. Data was collected from 2017 farm households from the four major wheat growing regions of Ethiopia where around 85% of the country wheat production comes from. Cobb-Douglas functional model were used to analyze level of technical efficiency whereas quantile regression (QR) technique were employed to analyze factors that affect technical efficiency. The study indicated the average efficiency level of wheat producing farmers is 0.66 implying the huge potential to increase wheat production given the existing technological level and without any additional investment in agricultural research. Several institutional, socioeconomic and biophysical and agro ecological factors affect technical efficiency in wheat production in Ethiopia. Key words: Technical efficiency, wheat, Ethiopia.&nbsp

Climate Change and Wheat Production in Drought Prone Areas of Bangladesh – A Technical Efficiency Analysis

The present study aims at measuring the technical efficiency of wheat production under changing climate in drought prone areas of Bangladesh. The study employed farm level cross sectional data taken from 100 farmers using purposive random sampling technique from three upazilas of Thakurgoan district of Bangladesh. The study considered two successive years 2006 and 2007 as drought and normal year respectively on the basis of farmers’ opinion and information collected from meteorological station. Semi-logarithmic regression model with dummy variable was used to estimate production variability of wheat due to drought. The findings showed that wheat production decreased by 17.4 percent on an average due to drought occurrence in the study areas. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used to determine the technical efficiency of the wheat growers and the factors which influence technical efficiency in wheat production. The empirical results of technical efficiency model showed that the effects of seed, pesticide, tillage, irrigation and fertilizer costs were significant in the production of wheat. Education, family size, farming experience, credit, extension- contact and farm size had negative effects on technical inefficiency of farmers which indicates that technical inefficiency decreases with the increase of these factors in both normal and drought years. The mean technical efficiencies were 67.00 and 86.40 percent in normal and drought years respectively. The results also indicate a good potential for increasing wheat production by 33 and 14 percent in normal and drought years respectively using the available resources and technology. Wheat farmers should give more attention to their farming practices and should take rationale decision for using farm resources efficiently.

Impact of Technological Change on Wheat Production Risk in Northwest of Iran

There have been many previous studies about technical efficiency in wheat production in different areas in Iran, but attention was paid to impact of input utilization on production Risk and none has focused on impact of technological change on production risk. Thus in this study we tried to determine whether technology has a positive or negative effect on production variation. To achieve this aim, a stochastic frontier production function with a heteroskedastic error structure has been used. A 10-year panel dataset from 8 province (Azarbayjan-e-sharghi, azarbayjan-e-gharbi, Ardebil, Kurdestan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Zanjan, Eilam) in northwest of Iran was used to estimate different functional specifications. The results indicated that Potash fertilizer and technological change have positive and significant impact on wheat production risk; as well land and labour have a positive effect on wheat production risk but these coefficients are not statically significant. Plus, using phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer and seed have negative and significant impact on wheat production risk.

Measuring Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Southeastern Anatolia with Parametric and Nonparametric Methods

Measuring Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Southeastern Anatolia with Parametric and Nonparametric Methods