Technical Efficiency Of Rice Farmers Research Articles

Assessment of Neighborhood and Spillover Effects on Technical Efficiency of Irrigated Rice Farmers

Neighborhood and spillover effects on technical efficiency were investigated among 270 randomly drawn farming households from 18 irrigated villages in Guimba, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, using a two-step procedure. In the first stage, stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate farmer’s technical efficiency; in the second stage, appropriate spatial econometric models of technical efficiency were estimated. Spatial econometric models adopted in this study detected spatial dependency on technical efficiency in the error term of the spatial model across seasons and locations, which can be associated with unobserved factors that similarly influence farmers’ technical efficiencies at the same time. Farm size, income, and regular contact and consultation with agricultural technicians were found to significantly affect technical efficiency. Results of the spatial regression show that owner-cultivator status and loamy soil are associated with increased technical efficiency. The local government of Guimba can use findings of this study in formulating agricultural policies and implementing essential interventions to improve the technical efficiency of rice farmers.

Analisis Efisiensi Usahatani Padi di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah

<p>An effort to increase rice production through agricultural extension in Central Lampung regency is difficult. This is because of the limited land that can be used as new planning areas and high competition for land use as non-agricultural activities. Therefore, the increase in rice production through production efficiency becomes the most important alternative. The objectives of this study are to analyze the level of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and economic efficiency of rice farming in Central Lampung district and identified the factors that influence it. The results of the analysis using stochastic frontier production function shows that rice farming in the study area has been efficient. Average efficiency level of technical efficiency is 0,94, allocative efficiency is 0,93, and economic efficiency is 0,88. The land area is the most responsive variable in an effort to increase rice production. Variables expected to affect the degree of technical efficiency of rice farming is the number of family members of farmers, rice farming experience, acces farmers to agricultural financing, and number of agricultural extension.</p>

Factors Influencing Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Isabela, Philippines

Factors Influencing Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Isabela, Philippines

Les Déterminants De L’efficience Technique Des Riziculteurs De L’office Du Niger Au Mali The Office Niger Rice Farmers’ Technical Efficiency Determinants in Mali

Les Déterminants De L’efficience Technique Des Riziculteurs De L’office Du Niger Au Mali The Office Niger Rice Farmers’ Technical Efficiency Determinants in Mali Adama Coulibaly , Kimseyinga Savadogo, Lamissa Diakité Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the level of technical efficiency score and to analyze its determinants in the Office Niger area in Mali. The data used are a cross section of producers collected in April 2014. The final sample is made of 130 observations. A Cobb-Douglas model is used to fit the data using frontier 4.1 and Stata 14 software. Our investigations found out that the rice cultivation at the Office Niger evolves in a non-variable returns to scale framework. The average technical efficiency score is 0.66, implying that the level of technical efficiency can be improved by 0.34 at no additional cost. In addition, experience, equipment, being member of a farmer’s organization and land rental are identified as statistically significant determinants of technical efficiency of rice farmers in the Office du Niger area. Policies to improve the level of technical efficiency and boost rice production in Mali should be based on these variables. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v6n2a9

Analysis on Technical Efficiency of Rice Farms and Its Influencing Factors in South-western of Niger

The present study focused on analyzing the technical efficiency of rice farms in southwest of Niger. The data from January to March 2015 survey of 148 ms in three districts of south-western of Niger were analyzed by using DEA-Tobit two-step method. In the first step, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied to estimate technical, pure technical and scale efficiency. In the second step, Tobit regression was used to identify factors affecting technical efficiency. The results showed that rice producers in southwest of Niger could reduce their inputs by 52% and still produce the same level of rice output. The Tobit regression showed that factors, such as farm size, experience in rice farming, membership of cooperative, main occupation and land ownership had a direct impact on technical efficiency.

A generalized stochastic production frontier analysis of technical efficiency of rice farming

Purpose This paper aims to analyze farm-level technical inefficiency of rice farming in Assam, India, using a multiple-output generalized stochastic frontier framework. Design/methodology/approach Primary data for this study were collected in 2009-2010 from 310 farm-households in four non-contiguous districts of Dhubri, Morigaon, Dibrugarh and Cachar that are located in different agro-climatic regions of Assam. Based on a Cobb–Douglas production function for multiple rice varieties, the paper simultaneously estimates the generalized stochastic production frontier and examines effects of exogenous factors on farm-level technical inefficiency. Findings Results of this study show that the average technical inefficiency of farms is 8.5 per cent in the sample. Further, inefficiency is lower in the frequently flood prone areas, and availability of government support helps reduce such inefficiency as well. However, technical efficiency is higher for the Muslim farm-households, and it decreases with greater land fragmentation. The study also finds that the use of primitive technology like bullock reduces technical efficiency of rice farming. Originality/value This paper is based on a novel data set that has specially been collected to examine productivity and efficiency of rice cultivation in the flood plains of Assam that has not been studied before. Further, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first one to model rice production as a multiple-output stochastic production frontier and analyze technical efficiency of rice production accordingly.

Factors that Influence Rice Production and Technical Efficiency in the Context of an Integrated Crop Management Field School Program

This research estimates the effect of production input on rice production and the effect of socio-economic factors on the technical efficiency of rice farms in the program of the Integrated Crop Management Field School (ICMFS). Data were collected from 78 rice farmer household heads from two randomly chosen villages in Indonesia. The results show that seed, fertilizer, pesticide and labor significantly positively affect rice production. Socio-economic factors such as farmer age, education and experience, the number of household members and the frequency of visiting the ICMFS field laboratory had significant positive effects on the level of technical efficiency. Thus, the ICMFS, by continuing to increase ICMFS program to the people of rural areas and by taking into account socio-economic status of farmers, can improve rice farming production and efficiency.

Increased productivity and technical efficiency of rice farming with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in Purworejo District, Central Java

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in productivity between organic and inorganic rice farming, whether there is a significant difference in technical efficiency between organic nd inorganic rice farming, and whether fertilizer costs, labor costs, arable land area, and the length of the use of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) have a significant effect on the organic rice production. The target of this research is the improvement of economic efficiency and organic rice farming productivity in Purworejo District, Central Java. To achieve this target, this study used SRI method. The population was all farmers of inorganic and organic rice farming in Purworejo District. The samples consist of 45 people from organic rice farmers and 45 people from inorganic rice farmers in Ringgit Village, Purworejo. They were collected by random sampling and the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. Descriptive analysis was done by comparing all necesary activities in both organic and inorganic rice farming. The descriptive analysis concludes that there is a difference in terms of the selection of seeds, seedlings, seed treatment before sowing, planting and watering, fertilizing, weeding and pest control. Quantitative analysis is done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regeresi. The quantitative analysis concludes that there is a significant difference in productivity between organic rice farming and inorganic rice farming. There is a significant difference in technical efficiency between organic rice farming and inorganic rice farming. Fertilizer costs, labor costs, arable land area, and the length of the use of SRI method have a significant effect on the organic rice production.

Rice Farmers’ Attitudes toward Farm Management in Northeatern Thailand

<p>Rice production plays a key role for Thailand’s economy and for the food security and cash income of Thai small-scale farmers, especially in the Northeast region where the country’s largest area of rice cultivation is located. To increase rice production, the Thai government has introduced several strategies to support farmers such as new technologies, farm practices, and financial institutions. Achieving these strategies, the responsibility from the government and copperation from farmers are crucial. Specifically, these strategies will be more effective if they coincide with the attitudes of farmers. Accordingly, we aimed to estimate the technical efficiency of rice farms, including pure technical and scale efficiency, and to ultimately understand rice farmers’ attitudes toward farm management by comparing efficient and inefficient farms. Our findings suggested that there was significant requirement to increase technical and scale efficiencies of rice production in the study area. In addition, both efficient and inefficient rice farmers were favorable to farming, open to ideas, and strongly enjoy farm activities, such that they would cooperate with an extension officers when transferring information and/or training programs. Finally, policymaker should focus on both improving the quality of farm production and reducing production costs due to develop and establish new strategies and/or agricultural policies.</p>

MEASUREMENT OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY THAT INVOLVING FARMERS PREFERENCES TOWARDS RISK OF RICE FARMING IN MALANG (INDONESIA)

The aim of this research is to analyse the level of technical efficiency of rice farming by considering farmer preferences towards natural and technological risks. This research is conducted in selected regions in Malang Regency (Indonesia) with the consideration that farmers in selected areas can produce high productivity, but productivity growth fluctuates very sharply each year (within 13 years). Natural phenomenon that often appears as the risks of farming, such as, floods, droughts, and hurricanes. While, the application of technology is the part of the risks of farming, too, because farmers are not willing to adopt the technology which facilitated by the government. Rice farmers who used respondents are 305 people namely spread in seven selected regions in two seasons. The method used are a) Expected Utility of Money to measure the farmer preferences towards the risks and b) Stochastic Frontier Translog production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach to analyse the level of technical efficiency of farming. The results found that 77.7% of farmers have averter risk preferences, the level of technical efficiency obtained at 0.75 by pooling the data, and the influence of the preference of farmers to sources of technical inefficiency is -0622. Recommendation submitted is induced the technology with mentoring system and immediately implement the agricultural insurance.

Decadal changes in rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu: Resurvey approach

The study was carried out to estimate the share of factors diversification within a decade period. From 2001 to 2011, external and internal factors has been continuously changed that altered cost and production of rice in Tamil Nadu. The study followed the sampling procedure of Cost of Cultivation for Principle Crops (CCPC) scheme. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to study the technical efficiency among rice farmers. The cost of production (deflated into 2001 price) was higher (Rs. 44500) in 2011 than during 2001 (Rs. 30529) as rising trend of labour shortage for intercultural operations. Surge in input prices escalated cost structure, but accordingly productivity was not increased. Only two per cent hike was found over a decade period, which was due to machinery and fertilizer. Technical efficiency of rice farmers was around 88 per cent in 2011 compared to 78 per cent in 2001. Hence, efficiency level considerably rose up within the decade and further increase in productivity was possible by adoption of technologies such as farm mechanization, optimum dose of input use and system of rice intensification.

Technical efficiency and its determinants in smallholder rice production in northern Ghana

Agriculture remains a dominant economic sector in many developing countries including Ghana. Agricultural production is however dominated by smallholders who are usually classified as being resource-poor. Ensuring that smallholder farmers make efficient use of scarce resources in their production activities is therefore very important to help raise the level of productivity at the small farm sector. Improving agricultural productivity also requires an understanding of the current productive capacity of farmers given the level of technology as well as the factors affecting their efficiency. The current study was therefore carried out to estimate the technical efficiency of smallholder rice farms in Northern Ghana as well as the determinants of inefficiency using data from a cross-section of 300 smallholder farm households. A multi-stage stratified random sampling approach was used to collect data which was fitted to a stochastic frontier production function incorporating an inefficiency effects model. A quadratic form of the production function was specified to represent the production frontier of rice farms based on a preliminary test of the appropriate functional form. The study revealed that the mean technical efficiency of rice farms was 63.8 percent, indicating that farmers are producing below their maximum potential at the current level of technology. Hence without increasing the current level of input use, producers in the study area can potentially increase their efficiency by 36.2 percent at the current level of technology. Apart from seed, all the conventional inputs were significant in their influence on rice output. The determinants of technical efficiency were gender of the farmer, years of formal education, membership of farmers’ association and specialization in rice production. Male farmers as well as less educated farmers were more efficient in production. Similarly, farmers who belonged to a farmers’ organization as well as producers with higher degree of specialization in rice production were found to be more efficient. Irrigation shifted the production frontier upwards indicating higher productivity with irrigation use. Similarly, farmers who double-cropped their fields and farmers in the Northern Region were located on a higher production frontier. The study recommends the expansion of irrigation access to farmers as well as incentivizing farmer-based organizations to enhance the efficiency of farmers in the study area. Access to irrigation will also facilitate double cropping leading to improved rice production in Northern Ghana. Furthermore, specific factors limiting production efficiency of farmers in the Upper East Region require investigation and remedies to improve the efficiency of farmers in that area.

Impact of land ownership on productivity and efficiency of rice farmers: The case of the Philippines

Land is a key factor in production agriculture and the land rental market is an important institution in agriculture. Rental activity of both sharecropped and fixed rent arrangements represents about 25% of cultivated land in the Philippines. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) of 1988, which essentially redistributes land to landless farmers, has implications for land ownership and farm productivity. This study investigates the impact of land ownership on the productivity and technical efficiency of rice farmers in the Philippines. We use a 2007–2012 Loop Survey from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and a stochastic frontier function method. Results show that land ownership has a significant impact on technical efficiency. In particular, counter to the theory, the CARP may have reduced the technical efficiency of leasehold farmers compared with owner operators. Additionally, results show that land area, fuel cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, and labor cost are significant factors that affect rice production. We found a mean technical efficiency score of 0.79—still leaving room for improvement. Finally, educated females and farmers leasing land have higher technical inefficiency.

A Generalized Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming: A Case Study from Assam, India

Purpose: This study analyzes farm-level technical inefficiency of rice farming in Assam, India, using a multiple-output generalized stochastic frontier framework.Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary data for this study was collected in 2009-2010 from 310 farm-households in four non-contiguous districts of Dhubri, Morigaon, Dibrugarh, and Cachar that are located in different agro-climatic regions of Assam. Based on a Cobb-Douglas production function for multiple rice varieties, the paper simultaneously estimates the Generalized Stochastic Production Frontier and examines effects of exogenous factors on farm-level technical inefficiency. Findings: Results of this study show that the average technical inefficiency of farms is 8.5% in the sample. Further, inefficiency is lower in the frequently flood prone areas, and availability of government support helps reduce such inefficiency as well. However, technical efficiency is higher for the Muslim farm-households, and it decreases with greater land fragmentation. The study also finds that the use of primitive technology like bullock reduces technical efficiency of rice farming. Originality/Value: This paper is based on a novel data set that has specially been collected to examine productivity and efficiency of rice cultivation in the flood plains of Assam that has not been studied before. Further, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one to model rice production as a multiple–output stochastic production frontier and analyze technical efficiency of rice production accordingly.

Socio-Economic and Technical Efficiency Level of Organic Rice Farming with System of Rice Intensification: A Case Study in Morowali Regency Indonesia

This research aimed to (1) analyze technical efficiency level of rice farming with System of Rice Intensification and non-System of Rice Intensification and (2) analyze the factors that affected technical efficiency of rice farming. The research was conducted in Morowali Regency Indonesia. The populations in this research were farmer associations of water users, who membered as many as 104 household heads. Sampling was done by census. The number of samples that were used as many as 104 household heads, 47 household heads of rice farmers with System of Rice Intensification and 57 household heads of farmers with non-System of Rice Intensification. The result showed rice farming with System of Rice Intensification had a higher technical efficiency level when compared with rice farming with non-System of Rice Intensification. This was due to rice farming with System of Rice Intensification had more farmers who used organic fertilizers. The usage of organic fertilizers, age of farmers, education of farmers, frequency of following extension and System of Rice Intensification affected toward the technical efficiency of rice farming. Farmers could increase organic rice production with System of Rice Intensification.

Evaluation of technical efficiency of rice farmers in canal and tank irrigated systems in Tamil Nadu

The present study undertaken in Cauvery delta zone and Southern zone in the state of Tamil Nadu has estimated the resource use efficiency in rice production and has assessed the effect of farm specific socio economic factors affecting the technical efficiency. A stochastic frontier production function was estimated to determine technical efficiency of individual farms. The data were collected for two years from the Cost of Cultivation Scheme of Tamil Nadu Centre. The results of Cobb-Douglas stochastic production function indicated that the estimated parameters for seed (positive), labour hours(negative) and value of pesticides (negative) are significant and hence, playing a major role in influencing rice production under canal irrigation. But in the case of tank irrigation system the estimated parameters for fertilizers, labour hours, machine hours are significantly and positively influenced the yield of paddy. Moreover the marginal value product to input price ratios for the variables influencing significantly revealed that it will be profitable to increase the use of seeds in canal irrigation and fertilizer and human labour in tank irrigation system. The Z test results indicated that there is a significant difference between the average technical efficiency estimates between canal and tank irrigation systems.

Technical Efficiency of Rice Production at the Tono Irrigation Scheme in Northern Ghana

Aim: To investigate the determinants of technical efficiency of rice farmers at Tono Irrigation Project. Study Design: Cross sectional. Place and Duration: The Kassena-Nankana District of Upper East Region of Ghana in the 2007/2008 cropping season. Methodology: One-step estimation of the Stochastic Frontier Model. Results: The technical efficiency estimates ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 with a mean value of 0.81. The factors that determined farmers’ technical efficiency included education and the adoption of modern inputs such as seeds and chemical fertilizers. Conclusion: The sustainability of the farmers’ high efficiency will be dependent on the continuous support they receive in the areas of input supply and education, among others.

A Stochastic Frontier Approach to Model Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis

A study was conducted in the year 2008-2009 to estimate the farm-size-specific productivity and technical efficiency of all rice crops. Farm-size- specific technical efficiency scores were estimated using stochastic production frontiers. There were wide of variations of productivity among farms, where large farms exhibited the highest productivity. Gross return was the highest for small farms and net return was the highest for marginal farms. The lowest net return or the highest cost of production was accrued from both the highest wage rate and highest amount of labour used in medium farms. The marginal farms experienced the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR) followed by small and medium farms. Average technical efficiency for large, medium, small, marginal and all farms were respectively 0.88, 0.92, 0.94, 0.75 and 0.88. There were significant technical inefficiency effects in the production of rice for marginal farms only. In this case, production cannot be increased by increasing efficiency with the existing technology except in marginal farms. The application of efficient management system would be able to increase production in the marginal farms. For other farms, increased managerial capacity is not enough for increased production, rather new investment and advanced technology are needed to increase production in these farms. On an average, farmers could increase 12 percent output with existing inputs and production technology. Fertiliser, manure, irrigation cost, insecticide cost, area under production and experience were important factors to increase production. In the technical inefficiency effect, age, education and family size had positive impact on efficiency effect, whereas land under household had negative impact on efficiency effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13132 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 9-19

Estimation of Technical Efficiency for Rice Farms in Central Thailand Using Stochastic Frontier Approach

As one of Thailand's economic crops, rice plays an important role in generating national income and creating domestic employment for the country. Its production has been increasing because of the expansion of areas planted to rice and not due to increases in productivity. The national average yield is considerably low compared with that of other rice-producing countries. This study measured the technical efficiency of rice farmers in the central region of Thailand and identified the factors causing technical inefficiency using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach specified as a translog production function. Cross-sectional data were randomly collected from 384 sampled farmers from nine provinces of central Thailand who generally operated their farms using pre-germinated broadcasting method in the major rice crop year 2009/2010. Results reveal that technical efficiency ranged from 49.69 to 97.17 percent, with a mean of 85.35 percent. Gender, farming experience, good agricultural practices (GAP), and cropping intensity were found to contribute positively toward farm technical efficiency. Farmers should be provided knowledge of GAP and should adopt GAP in their farms' activities. Agricultural extension officers should organize knowledge and experience exchange between successful farmers and other farmers, and promote the use of certified seeds to improve farm efficiency and farmers' income.

Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Village Reservoir Irrigation Systems of Sri Lanka

AbstractGiven the importance of water for rice production, this study examines the factors affecting the technical efficiency (TE) of irrigated rice farmers in village irrigation systems (VIS) in Sri Lanka. Primary data were collected from 460 rice farmers in the Kurunagala District, Sri Lanka, to estimate a stochastic translog production frontier for rice production. The mean TE of rice farming in village irrigation was found to be 0.72, although 63% of rice farmers exceeded this average. The most influential factors of TE are membership of Farmer Organisations (FOs) and the participatory rate in collective actions organised by FOs. The results suggest that enhancement of co‐operative arrangements of farmers by strengthening the membership of FOs is considered important for increasing TE in rice farming in VIS.