Technical Efficiency Of Rice Farmers Research Articles

Strategic resilience: Integrating scheduling, supply chain management, and advanced operations techniques in production risk analysis and technical efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas

Farmers face various risks such as production risks in the use of technology, pests, climate change and natural disasters. Farmers in disaster-prone areas have different responses depending on their behavior towards the risks posed. The main problem in this research is how farmers behave towards production risks due to flooding and the technical efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas. The aim of this research is to analyze farmers' behavior towards production risks due to flooding and the technical efficiency of rice farmers in flood-prone areas. The results of this research will provide important information for policy simulations that the government can implement towards farmers affected by natural disasters and for sustainable disaster mitigation strategies. The novelty of this research is that it combines two theories, namely risk behavior and agricultural technical efficiency in producing disaster mitigation strategies. The research location was determined purposefully in Pasuruan and Bojonegoro Regencies. The data in this research are primary and secondary data with the sample in this research being farmers. The sampling technique in this research is a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The analysis method in this research uses Just Pope. and the Cobb-Douglas production function model with the Stochastic Production Frontier approach. The target of these research findings is a model of the types of behavior regarding the risks of farmers who are flood victims, as well as the level of technical efficiency of rice farming and the factors that influence it. The expected findings are policy recommendations regarding disaster mitigation from economic and agricultural risk aspects to create sustainable agriculture.

Land exchange practice and technical efficiency of rice farmers in North-eastern zone of Nigeria

Land exchange practice and technical efficiency of rice farmers in North-eastern zone of Nigeria

THE USE OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER METHOD FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF RICE FARMING IN THE FRONTIER, REMOTE, AND UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS IN MERAUKE REGENCY, SOUTH PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Merauke is one of the regencies in South Papua Province with flatland areas, making it very suitable for agriculture. In 2011, Merauke Regency was declared a food barn for Eastern Indonesia by President Jokowi. Tanah Miring District is one of the rice centers in Merauke. One of the villages in Tanah Miring District is Sumber Harapan Village. This study aims to examine (1) factors that influence the production of rice farming in Sumber Harapan Village, Merauke Regency; (2) factors that influence the technical efficiency of rice farming in Sumber Harapan Village, Merauke Regency; and (3) the level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Sumber Harapan Village, Merauke Regency. This research was conducted in Sumber Harapan Village, Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency, from June to August 2022. The data used were primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Meanwhile, the secondary data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and other literature. The number of samples used was 50 rice farmers. The results showed that the factors influencing the production of rice farming in Sumber Harapan Village, Merauke Regency, were machines, labor, and land area. Meanwhile, the factors influencing the technical efficiency of farming production in Sumber Harapan Village, Merauke Regency were a family burden, education, land status, and membership in farmer groups. The average level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Sumber Harapan Village, Merauke Regency, was 0.97, which is said to be inefficient since it is below one.

EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI KALIMANTAN TENGAH: PENDEKATAN STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS

<p>The strategy to increase rice production is crucial to maintain food availability. The agricultural land expansion program in Central Kalimantan through the food estate program is considered an inappropriate solution considering social, environmental, and land conditions. The agricultural intensification method in Central Kalimantan is the answer to increasing the productivity of existing agricultural businesses by increasing production efficiency. This research aims to analyze the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming and the factors that influence it in Central Kalimantan province. This research used secondary data from the 2014 Rice Plantation Household Survey from the Central Statistics Agency. The data was analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The research results show that rice farming in Central Kalimantan is technically inefficient. Factors influencing the technical efficiency of rice farming are farmer age, land type, planting system, agricultural facilities, extension, farmer groups, and SLPTT participation. The low level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Central Kalimantan is an indicator that must be utilized to increase rice production so that food availability can be well-maintained.</p>

Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers under Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO) in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh

The study investigated the Technical efficiency (TE) of rice farmers under Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO) in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) from a sample size of 40 farmers. The results from DEA and SFA revealed that the mean TE of rice farmers was 98.7 per cent and 86 per cent respectively. The mean TE from DEA is indicating that they can reduce their input by 1.3 per cent to produce the same level of output and SFA revealed that the coefficients of seed (0.7543), urea (0.877), MOP (0.979) and machine hours (0.877) were positive and highly significant, implying that these inputs are productive enough whereas DAP (0.877), PPC (0.765) and human labour (0.988) were positive but non-significant implying that they are comparatively less productive. From the results of DEA and SFA, the mean efficiency of rice farmers through DEA (0.98) was more than SFA (0.86). The results from Garrett ranking revealed that price versatility, high input prices, lack of proper labour supply, lack of adequate capital and storage facilities etc., are the major constraints faced by rice farmers under FPO in Guntur district and they need to be strengthened.

Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers under Public and Private Land Administration in Dadinkowa Irrigation Scheme Area of Gombe and Borno States, Nigeria

This study analyzed the technical efficiency of rice farmers in Dadinkowa Irrigation Scheme (DKIS) area of Gombe and Borno States, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 rice farmers under irrigation farming, who provided data by means of structured interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Specifically, descriptive statistics was used to describe socio-economic characteristics of respondents, Stochastic frontier model was used to estimate the technical efficiency of rice farmers. The stochastic production function showed that the determinants of rice irrigation farming in the study area were: farm size (0.25), labor (0.36), education (-0.49), transportation (0.0011) and rental cost (0.0095) were significant at 5, 1, 10, 1 and 5% level of probability respectively for farmers in DKIS. In Integrated Savanna Vegetables and Fruits Canning Factory (VEGFRU), farm size (0.45) and transportation cost (0.003) were found to be significant at 1 and 10% level of probability respectively. In National Institute of Horticultural Research and Training (NIHORT) and College of Horticulture (NIHORT and CoH), household size (-0.025) and non-farm income (3.3) were both significant at 5% level of probability. Lastly, quantity of seed (0.16), quantity of fertilizer (0.38), education (-0.04), household size (-0.014) and transportation cost (0.0001), were found to be significant at 5, 1, 10, 5 and 1 % level of probability respectively in local land authority. The study also revealed that the mean technical efficiencies were 0.88, 0.94, 0.86 and 0.65 for DKIS, VEGFRU, NIHORT/CoH and local authority respectively. This means that farmers were technically efficient given the current level of technology. From the result, farmers under the land administration authorities of VEGFRU are more technically efficient than DKIS, followed by NIHORT /CoH), and lastly local authority. This may be explained by the important role played by DKIS office in terms of proximity and supports to rice farmers. The returns to scale were respectively 0.708, 0.421, 0.52 and 0.566 for DKIS, VEGFRU, NIHORT/CoH and Local authority. This showed that rice farmers operated at the rational stage of production (diminishing return). This implies that the technical efficiency of rice farmers under irrigation farming in the study area could be increased by 0.12, 0.6, 0.14 and 0.35 respectively through the use of available resources given the current level of technology and better extension services. And rice farmers can expand their production through additional use of inputs It was recommended that Government should accelerate the implementation of land consolidation in order to reduce the effect of land fragmentation and to improve the efficiency of rice farmers under irrigation farming, especially in DKIS and VEGFRU, whereby the farm size has significant effect on technical efficiency. In DKIS and Local authority, Government should strengthen formal education among the rice farmers, and facilitate the transportation system for moving farm output from farm to market at affordable cost in the study area.

Effect of Land Tenure System and Fragmentation on Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in the Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Scheme, North-East, Nigeria

Effect of Land Tenure System and Fragmentation on Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in the Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Scheme, North-East, Nigeria

Corporate Farming as an Effort to Increase Rice Farming Production in Central Java

This study aims to estimate production factors and technical efficiency of rice farming using the corporate farming model. The research location was determined purposively in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. The research sample is 51 corporate farmers determined by census. The analytical method uses the stochastic frontier 4.1.C computational program with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The estimation results show that the factors that influence rice production are land area, Urea fertilizer and NPK fertilizer. While the value of the technical efficiency of rice farming in the corporate farming model is 0.75 (75%). Farmers still have the opportunity to increase their efficiency by 25%.

Impacts of Off-Farm Income on Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming: Correction to Bias

Most of Indonesia's rice farming households are small-scale, with farming income equivalent to below the poverty line. Sources of income from outside the farm can be a complement to the low income obtained from farming. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of off-farm income on the technical efficiency of rice farming. This study employed secondary data and analyzed using the stochastic production frontier model, with corrections for the bias associated with the observed and unobserved variables first. This study showed that the education level of the head of the household had a significant positive effect on the opportunity to obtain off-farm income. Land area and fertilizer have a significant effect on increasing rice farming production. Rice farming in the household group without off-farm income has a relatively higher level of technical efficiency than the household group with off-farm income. Therefore, government policies regarding farmers' access to land and fertilizers are needed to increase rice production. Opportunities for farm households to obtain off-farm income will be even greater if policies enable them to obtain a better education.

Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Telangana, India: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

It is known that inability of the farmers to exploit the available production technologies results in lower efficiencies of production. So, the measurement of technical efficiency in agricultural crops in developing countries like India gained renewed attention since the late 1980s from an increasing number of researchers. Accordingly, the present study has employed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index to ascertain the Technical Efficiency of rice productivity (2021-2022) and its changes over the study period (2019-2020 to 2021- 2022) respectively in Telangana, India. This study was based on secondary data pertaining to rice productivity (output variable), fertilizer doses (NPK), seed rate, water applied and organic manure (input variables). The findings of Data Envelopment Analysis revealed that the overall mean technical efficiency score across all the Decision-Making Units was 0.860 ranged between 0.592 to 1.000. So, the Decision-Making Units, on an average, could reduce their input usage by 14 per cent and still could produce the same level of rice output. Further, fertilizers (60.54 kg/ha); seed (5.63 kg/ha); water (234.48 mm) and organic manure (3.76 t/ha) use can be reduced without affecting the current level of rice productivity. Malmquist Total Factor Productivity indices (2019-2020 to 2021-2022) revealed that the mean scores of technical efficiency change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change are more than one (1.153, 1.042 and 1.009 respectively), unlike technological change (0.983). All the Decision-Making Units showed impressive progress with reference to technical efficiency change (1.112) and it is the sole contributor for Total Factor Productivity change in rice cultivation. The DEA results suggest that farmers should be informed about the use of inputs as per the scientific recommendations to boost the technical efficiency of rice productivity in Telangana. It also calls for policy initiatives for distribution of quality inputs to the farmers to boost technical efficiency in rice production.

Does Climate Change Adaptation Improve Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming? Findings From Yogyakarta Province Indonesia

Food security of the Indonesian population is threatened because climate change has the potential to reduce technical efficiency of rice production. To adapt and reduce these negative impacts, farmers implement climate change adaptation strategies. This study aims to determine how the effect of climate change adaptation on the technical efficiency of rice farming. Research data was collected through interviews with 112 rice farmers in Sleman Regency. We carried out two stages of analysis, namely stochastic frontier analysis to determine the production function and efficiency level, and tobit regression to determine the effect of adaptation strategy on technical efficiency. The findings indicate that most farmers use short-lived varieties and apply two types of adaptation strategies in one growing season. By increasing the number of adaptation strategies, the technical efficiency of rice farming will increase. These results have important policy implications for increasing the adoption of adaptation strategies by farmers. The government and farmers should collaborate to formulate adaptation strategy policies to provide farmers with a choice of adaptation strategies. Keywords: adaptation, agricultural development, climate change, rice farming, technical efficiency

Measuring the technical efficiency of rice farmers in Chiang Mai province, Thailand

Measuring the technical efficiency of rice farmers in Chiang Mai province, Thailand

Farm-Level Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants of Rice Production in Indo-Gangetic Plains: A Stochastic Frontier Model Approach

This research was conducted to explore the factors affecting the technical efficiency (TE) of rice producers and its determinants at the farm level. We used a multi-stage sampling procedure to collect cross-sectional data from 800 rice growers in the Uttar Pradesh state of India, and a stochastic frontier model (SFA) was applied. The results showed that the mean technical efficiency was 72%, suggesting scope for a substantial increment in rice productivity exists while using the current level of inputs and technologies. Furthermore, the MLE results revealed that labor, irrigation, and hybrid seeds had a constructive impact on technical efficiency, while experience and tenure status showed a negative impact on technical efficiency. As unraveled by the results of the study, it can be concluded that the technical efficiency of rice farmers can be improved through timely access to credit and agricultural information delivered to them via extension services. The study, therefore, recommends that the government provide subsidized agrochemicals and focus on developing a robust network of extension services throughout the local districts for proper dissemination of inputs. About 12% of India’s rice is produced in the Uttar Pradesh state. So, this study could be an essential tool for the agriculture sector, which could help to solve rice productivity problems for future generations.

Technical efficiency of rice farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia

This study measures the technical efficiency of rice farming in Aceh Province, Indonesia. A sample of 5,351 households from the 2017 Household Farming Cost Structure Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province, Indonesia were gathered and analysed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Three inputs (i.e., number of labour working days, fertilizer, and seeds) and one output (i.e., number of rice harvest) were used to measure the technical efficiency of rice farming in the province. The study recorded a very low average level of technical efficiency either using a Constant Return to Scale (CRS) or a Variable Return to Scale (VRS) approaches. Two inputs were found not optimal for rice farming activities, namely the number of labour working days and the use of fertilizers, while the use of seeds was found optimal. The study suggests that the farmers should use fertilizers proportionately to the land area. The use of agricultural technology should be intensified to minimize the use of excess labour to reduce wage spending.

Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Padi di Kabupaten/Kota Jawa Timur Tahun 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of technical efficiency of rice farming in East Java districts/cities in 2019-2020. The results show that there are 27 regencies/cities or around 71.05 percent of the total, while in this study there are 11 regencies/cities or about 28.94 percent of the inefficient rice farms that have been efficient in using inputs. The results of the analysis show that rice farming in districts/cities in East Java is in a position to increase its return to scale, which is in a position where the increase in output is greater than the increase in inputs.

Profitability and technical efficiency of rice farms using traditional and improved milling machines: Evidence from Mali

The introduction of improved rice milling machines in rice producing areas in Mali is expected to minimize losses during processing. This study compares the profitability and technical efficiency of rice farms using traditional and improved rice milling machines in the Segou region of Mali. It used cross sectional data collected from 396 rice farms from N’Debougou, M’Bewani and Niono agro-ecological zones of Segou region of Mali. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost ratio, stochastic frontier production function and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were the methods of analysis employed. We find that whereas access to improved rice milling machines (IRMMs) was high for farms employing the technology, it was low for users of traditional rice milling machines. The transaction cost of a bag of milled rice, the profit for a one-hectare rice farm and the returns on a CFA invested by farms using improved rice milling machine were 818 CFA, 7014 CFA and 0.78 compared with 711 CFA, 5113 CFA and 0.56 estimated for users of traditional rice milling machines, respectively. The mean technical efficiencies (TE) for farms using improved rice milling machines and the traditional rice milling machines were 86% and 81%, respectively. Generally, whereas milled rice output was influenced by labour, capital and farm size, technical efficiency was influenced by educational level and monthly income of managers of rice farms. The main constraint that farms faced using the improved rice milling machines was low returns to bran followed by high transportation cost. Given that farms using IRMMs were more profitable, rice farms are encouraged to consider using IRMMs to help them improve the quality of their products so that they can be more competitive in the world market.

Prospek Swasembada Beras di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia remains a national priority program since rice is a staple food of the majority of the population. This national program has become an economic development agenda in almost all local governments at the provincial and district levels. East Kalimantan Province is one of the provinces that set the rice self-sufficiency on the local medium-term planning (RPJMD) 2013-2018. This research generally aimed at analyzing the prospect of rice self-sufficiency in East Kalimantan Province. Specifically, the research aimed to measure the potential for developing rice in East Kalimantan Province and to analyze the production technical efficiency of rice farming. The data used in this research were national and provincial agriculture land area and 337 units of rice farm from Agricultural Census 2013. Using LQ (Location Quotient) method indicated that economically rice was not a basic commodity of East Kalimantan Province. At the provincial level, there were only two out of four districts that had rice as a basic commodity. Stochastic production frontier analysis showed that the technical efficiency of rice production was 0.64, which indicated that rice production in the province was 36 per cent below its production frontier. Planting patterns and land status significantly improved technical efficiency. From this research can be concluded that the self-sufficiency program in East Kalimantan Province was not supported by regional potential of rice production nor by technically efficient rice production at the farm level.

Technical efficiency analysis of rice farmers in Ngawi District, East Java Province

The use of inputs in rice farming which is still based on the experience of farmers influences the level of technical efficiency of farmers. This study aims to analyse the technical efficiency of rice farming in Ngawi District, East Java Province. The method used to analyse technical efficiency is Data envelopment Analysis (DEA) VRS models and tobit regression analysis to determine the factors that influence the technical efficiency of farmers. The respondents used in this study were 88 rice farmers. The results of the study show that there are 60 (68%) farmers who are technically efficient and there are 28 (32%) farmers who are technically inefficient. tobit regression results indicate that there are 6 variables that have a significant effect on technical efficiency including; age, education level, experience, number of families, spacing and quality of seeds. This implies that there is a need for equal distribution of information related to the use of rice production inputs.

An analysis of technical efficiency and factors affecting rice farming business production in Bombana regency, Southeast Sulawesi

This study aims to (1) analyze the factors affecting production of rice farming business in Bombana Regency, (2) analyze the extent of technical efficiency of rice farming business in the Regency. The study was conducted from April to October 2019. Bombana was considered as the area in which the study took place because most of the people were rice farmers and they were potential to develop. There were 120 rice farmers participated in the study. The samples were taken using simple random sampling. Primary data were collected by interview based on questionnaire, while secondary data were collected by going over the official documents issued by authorized agency. The data were analyzed using stochastic frontier production-function analysis and Cobb-Douglass analysis. The result showed that (1) of all affecting factors, fertilizers such as NPK as well as the land area had positive and significant correlation to the rice production; (2) the average value of technical efficiency of rice farmers was 84% and there were 16% chance to increase the rice production with additional optimal production input.

Robust stochastic frontier using Cauchy distribution for noise component to measure efficiency of rice farming in East Java

Several studies have been conducted to estimate efficiency of rice farming in Indonesia. Those studies generally apply standard stochastic frontier (SF) model which assume that noise component has normal distribution. However, the normality assumption of noise is inadequate if the outliers are present. This paper employs Cauchy distribution for noise component to produce a more robust SF model. There are two variants of models that are employed: Cauchy-Half Normal and Cauchy-Exponential models. These models are applied to measure technical efficiency of rice farming in East Java. The findings presented in this study are based primarily on data from Cost Structure of Paddy Cultivation Household Survey 2017 (SOUT2017-SPD) that is compiled by Statistics Indonesia. Output and input variables are linked using transcendental logarithmic production function, while the parameters are estimated using maximum simulated likelihood. The results showed that Cauchy-Half Normal and Cauchy-Exponential models effectively reduce the effect of outliers. The performance of model is improved after the outliers are handled. Cauchy-Half Normal and Cauchy-Exponential models revise the technical efficiency scores of several rice farming units.