Technical Corpus Research Articles

Building ESP Corpus-driven Specialized Words in Vocational Education in Saudi Arabia

Both corpus revolution and advances in computer-based technologies have a remarkable impact on teaching and learning English as well as corpus studies. Nevertheless, Jablonkai (2020) observed that professional or occupational programs are less studied or researched compared to academic focus courses. Therefore, this paper is based on a replication study of Coxhead and Demecheleer (2018, cited in Jablonkai and Csomay, 2023) to develop ESP corpus-driven specialized words in vocational education. This process is tackled in three main phases: collection, computerization, and annotation of data. Data collection will be in mixed method from written and spoken ESP corpuses before using qualitative and quantitative analysis to measure frequency, key words and concordance comparing with other ESP corpora. The computerization phase will be based on lexical frame analysis (LFA) framework to convert a text to corpus, and this is quite labor-intensive part of creating the corpus. Finally, the annotation phase includes further lexical information covering semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic details. The first phase, data collection and analysis, will be reflected in Coxhead and Demecheleer's (2018) and the remaining two phases, annotating and computerizing data, will be elaborated through using LFA with two similar Business English corpora, PROLEX and PROCOMPARE, cited in Vincent (2009). The findings and conclusion of using three corpora could be effective in conducting this study as a preparation for creating a comprehensive technical corpus covering specialized words for all oil industry majors in my context. Further research could be conducted in the service of replication studies and expanding areas of ESP and vocabulary research using corpora.

Using Personality Detection Tools for Software Engineering Research: How Far Can We Go?

Assessing the personality of software engineers may help to match individual traits with the characteristics of development activities such as code review and testing, as well as support managers in team composition. However, self-assessment questionnaires are not a practical solution for collecting multiple observations on a large scale. Instead, automatic personality detection, while overcoming these limitations, is based on off-the-shelf solutions trained on non-technical corpora, which might not be readily applicable to technical domains like software engineering. In this article, we first assess the performance of general-purpose personality detection tools when applied to a technical corpus of developers’ e-mails retrieved from the public archives of the Apache Software Foundation. We observe a general low accuracy of predictions and an overall disagreement among the tools. Second, we replicate two previous research studies in software engineering by replacing the personality detection tool used to infer developers’ personalities from pull-request discussions and e-mails. We observe that the original results are not confirmed, i.e., changing the tool used in the original study leads to diverging conclusions. Our results suggest a need for personality detection tools specially targeted for the software engineering domain.

Strategic Environmental Assessment, key issues of its effectiveness. The results of the Speedy Project

This paper describes the results of the European Speedy Project, concerning the application of cross-border SEA, a research that had two main objectives. The first has been the definition of cooperation modalities between various public body as well as private entity through the realization of a digital platform. The aims of this innovative platform include sharing of multidisciplinary knowledge, the training, the participation, etc. The second objective has been to draft a proposal for revision of Directive 2001/42/EC based on the criticalities of implementation in individual Member States emerged during the development of the project. This revision has taken, in the final research report, the form of problem areas and suggestions for amending the Directive. A particularly important result, in addition to those related to platform implementation and the SEA Directive revision, is the e-learning section of the same platform. The continuous training provision of the e-learning system, as well as providing a valuable support for professional upgrading, can provide a useful link between the experiences developed by territorial authorities or individual professionals and the construction of a disciplinary and technical corpus that meet new challenges arising from the changes in society and the evolution of the environmental system.

Distributional semantic analysis in a technical corpus

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the methodology of a distributional analysis for the exploration of semantic similarity in a small technical corpus. The aim is to show the semantic issues at stake in a series of statistical experiments. First-order co-occurrences of a technical node are clustered based on shared-order second and third-order co-occurrences and on the respective association strength. The results of the statistical clustering techniques show semantic similarities and dissimilarities between first-order co-occurrences by means of proximities and distances on 2D-plots and 3D-plots. By fine-tuning the statistical analysis and by using enriched distributional data, we aim at achieving more revealing semantic interpretations.

Analytical practice: do the new technologies have an impact?

Through commentary on four clinical vignettes, this article focuses on the anthropological transformations taking place in contemporary society, underlining their differences from the anthropologies of reference of the founding fathers of psychoanalysis. Hybridization between man and machine and the speeding up and alteration of communications which the new technologies promote are now crucial issues facing psychoanalysis. Social media and a 24/7 internet connection have produced deep changes in the way people live and perceive relationships. Analytical practice is not exempt from such issues, which can be particularly insidious, often subtle and difficult to recognize, or even underestimated or ignored by psychoanalysts outright, in order to preserve the illusion of a complete understanding of what unfolds in the analytical space. The authors suggest that such transformations, by (partially) rendering inadequate the theoretical and technical corpus on which the various depth psychologies are founded, require personal engagement on the part of psychoanalysts in the search for new strategies to treat their patients, with the consequent abandonment of the 'certainties' offered by sclerotic models of clinical procedure.

Aesthetic Rhinoplasty as a Surface-Contour Operation: From Analysis to Surgery—Personal Concepts

Numerous beautiful rhinoplasty results have been created by closed rhinoplasty techniques over the past 100 years. This operation was mainly a "reduction" surgery. Overaggressive reduction rhinoplasty is not a hallmark of the closed approach per se, but represents the result of inappropriate aesthetic appraisal, inadequate technical execution, or lack of sound anatomical understanding. Clearly, an operation based primarily on reduction intrinsically exposes the surgeon to the possibility of excessive diminution of support structures and consequently undesirable side effects. The advent of the external approach in the 1970s marked a paradigm shift. In the early 1990s, the external approach witnessed further development with the introduction of "structural rhinoplasty," a deconstruction procedure followed by structural reconstruction. Opponents of the external approach felt that opening every nose can result in an overkill, specifically because the vast majority of patients presenting for cosmetic rhinoplasty neither desire nor require major reconstruction of the nose. In the last decade, the poorly named "closed" approach, once the pariah of rhinoplasty, has been rethought especially in the light of the undesirable long-term side effects, reappraised, and found a new lease of life as "endonasal rhinoplasty." The personal surgical evolution of the senior author (P. P.) has created the concept of "hybrid endonasal rhinoplasty" (HER), where the term "hybrid" implies the incorporation of anatomical concepts and sophisticated suturing-grafting techniques developed by "openers" into the theoretical and technical corpus of HER. The senior author (P. P.) pondered over heterogenous concepts such as filling-reshaping, derived from the so-called medical rhinoplasty, and embodied these concepts into a purely surgical endonasal perspective. Consequently, aesthetic rhinoplasty can be considered a "surface-contour" operation. Nasal analysis, preoperative work-up, surgical logic, and operative techniques have been rethought. The patient is only interested in nasal appearance, not in its anatomy, so deconstructing the nose to change the subtle and demanding interplay of light and shadow is in many cases an overkill. Our emphasis should be on those structures that can be tackled and result in the ultimate aim of altering the aesthetic aspects of surface anatomy. Surface HER can deliver on all these counts.

Clustering first-order co-occurrences as a way to explore semantic heterogeneity

This paper addresses the contribution of quantitative analysis and statistical techniques to qualitative semantic analysis, as it discusses the methodological issues for clustering and plotting the most significant first-order co-occurrences of a word as a way to explore its degree of semantic heterogeneity in a technical corpus. Since distributional (dis)similarity reflects semantic (dis)similarity, first-order co-occurrences are clustered with respect to the second and/or third-order co-occurrences they have in common. In this comparative and exploratory study, several experiments are carried out in order to evaluate the impact of various parameters for clustering and in order to find the most reliable configuration of parameters, including association measures, distance measures and lower and upper thresholds. Multidimensional scaling techniques and the visual exploration of semantic proximity between first-order co-occurrences of a node allow us to gain insight into the phenomena of semantic homogeneity and heterogeneity in a technical corpus. As a consequence, we can come to a better understanding of the semantic characteristics of specialized language. However, the methodology for understanding this area is still being implemented and worked out. With the experiments described in this paper, we are contributing to the ongoing methodological analysis of measures and parameters to be used in the field of distributional semantics.

Clustering for semantic purposes

This paper presents an innovative approach, within the framework of distributional semantics, for the exploration of semantic similarity in a technical corpus. In complement to a previous quantitative semantic analysis conducted in the same domain of machining terminology, this paper sets out to discover fine-grained semantic distinctions in an attempt to explore the semantic heterogeneity of a number of technical items. Multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) was carried out in order to cluster first-order co-occurrences of a technical node with respect to shared second-order and third-order co-occurrences. By taking into account the association values between relevant first and second-order co-occurrences, semantic similarities and dissimilarities between first-order co-occurrences could be determined, as well as proximities and distances on a graph. In our discussion of the methodology and results of statistical clustering techniques for semantic purposes, we pay special attention to the linguistic and terminological interpretation.

Dependency structure annotation in the IULA Spanish LSP Treebank

This paper presents the IULA Spanish LSP Treebank, an open-source treebank of over 40,000 sentences, developed in the framework of the European project METANET4U. The IULA Spanish LSP Treebank is the first technical corpus of Spanish annotated at surface syntactic level, following the dependency grammar theory. We present the method we used to create the resource and the linguistic annotations that the treebank provides, using examples and comparing with similar resources. We also provide the statistics of the treebank and the evaluation results.

Paleoproteomics explained to youngsters: how did the wedding of two-dimensional electrophoresis and protein sequencing spark proteomics on: Let there be light

Taking the opportunity of the 20th anniversary of the word "proteomics", this young adult age is a good time to remember how proteomics came from enormous progress in protein separation and protein microanalysis techniques, and from the conjugation of these advances into a high performance and streamlined working setup. However, in the history of the almost three decades that encompass the first attempts to perform large scale analysis of proteins to the current high throughput proteomics that we can enjoy now, it is also interesting to underline and to recall how difficult the first decade was. Indeed when the word was cast, the battle was already won. This recollection is mostly devoted to the almost forgotten period where proteomics was being conceived and put to birth, as this collective scientific work will never appear when searched through the keyword "proteomics". The significance of this manuscript is to recall and review the two decades that separated the first attempts of performing large scale analysis of proteins from the solid technical corpus that existed when the word "proteomics" was coined twenty years ago. This recollection is made within the scientific historical context of this decade, which also saw the blossoming of DNA cloning and sequencing. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 20 years of Proteomics in memory of Viatliano Pallini. Guest Editors: Luca Bini , Juan J. Calvete, Natacha Turck, Denis Hochstrasser and Jean-Charles Sanchez.

The Spanish DELPH-IN grammar

In this article we present a Spanish grammar implemented in the Linguistic Knowledge Builder system and grounded in the theoretical framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The grammar is being developed in an international multilingual context, the DELPH-IN Initiative, contributing to an open-source repository of software and linguistic resources for various Natural Language Processing applications. We will show how we have refined and extended a core grammar, derived from the LinGO Grammar Matrix, to achieve a broad-coverage grammar. The Spanish DELPH-IN grammar is the most comprehensive grammar for Spanish deep processing, and it is being deployed in the construction of a treebank for Spanish of 60,000 sentences based in a technical corpus in the framework of the European project METANET4U (Enhancing the European Linguistic Infrastructure, GA 270893GA; http://www.meta-net.eu/projects/METANET4U/.) and a smaller treebank of about 15,000 sentences based in a corpus from the press.

The dynamics of terms and meaning in the domain of machining terminology

This paper addresses the dynamics of terms and meaning in specialised communication by means of a semantic investigation into the domain of machining terminology in French. Studying meaning in specialised language raises two main research questions: how to identify terms or specialised entities in a technical corpus and how to study their meaning. In order to answer these questions, a double quantitative analysis is conducted, consisting of the identification and quantification of specialised vocabulary as well as the quantification of the semantic analysis by means of a monosemy measure. This approach requires the use of computer tools and scripting language and involves a statistical analysis in order to come to linguistic conclusions. Accordingly, this study aims to question the univocity ideal in a quantitative way. It focuses on the methodology and shows that an interdisciplinary approach can yield valuable results

Criterios de transferibilidad del enfoque concurrente en los procesos de diseño y desarrollo de productos de las pequeñas y medianas empresas chilenas

The results of the first stage of a study aimed at generating a model for the evaluation and improvement of Product Design and Development Processes (PDDP) of Chilean small and middle size enterprises (SMEs) based on the concurrent approach with the aim of inserting them in current competitive markets are presented. Many authors have shown that in our globalized society the ability of a company to provide good guidance and development of the product design stages determines largely its industrial efficiency. In particular, models based on Concurrent Engineering (CE) seem to be the most appropriate to respond rapidly and adequately to ever more demanding markets. However, there are few studies showing the applicability of these models to SMEs. Therefore this first stage is aimed at establishing transferability criteria of the concurrent approach in small and middle size companies, analyzing the technical and experimental corpus related to CE and its application in SMEs, contrasting these analyses with the first results of an exploratory and qualitative investigation of three Chilean manufacturing SMEs. These transferability criteria are based on the one hand on an interpretation of the concurrent approach from the existing literature and the performance pattern of the SMEs in order to highlight the particular critical sizes, and on the other hand on an analysis of the type of intervention model that will allow its implementation in these kinds of companies.

O LÉXICO ESPECIALIZADO DA ÁREA SECRETARIAL: ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA E PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DE NEÔNIMOS

Through morfological analysis in specialized texts, we investigated some issues concerning terminological studies in the Executive Secretariat area and propose an analysis about the process of neologism formation that occurs in texts of that area. This study is developed through the application of morfological knowledge in order to identify new terminological units (TUs) of this specific language in a technical corpus, and analyze the formation process of these terms. Due to the characterization of the secretarial area as a new area of scientific knowledge, we verified the existence of several neologisms formed mainly by the morfosyntactic formation processes and syntagmatic grouping without connectors derived from the basewords “advisory” and “assist”.

Computing the potential lexical productivity of head elements in nominal compounds using the textual corpus

In this paper, we propose a model/method for observing the potential lexical productivity of head elements in nominal compounds, and compare the productivity of a few high-frequency head elements in a technical corpus. Much work has been done on various aspects of nominal compounds. Most of this work, however, has been devoted to “syntagmatic” aspects at various levels, such as semantic compositionality, possible variations, lexical cohesiveness, etc. while the “paradigmatic” aspects of nominal compounds have received relatively little attention. By providing a “paradigmatic” perspective for analysing nominal compounds, this paper aims to help build a truly integrative approach to analysing and processing nominal compounds.

Hermes Among the Jews: Hermetica as Hebraica from Antiquity to the Renaissance

Hermes Among the Jews: Hermetica as Hebraica from Antiquity to the Renaissance Fabrizio Lelli Introduction More than forty years ago, Dame Frances Yates argued with great effect that the ancient Greek treatises attributed to Hermes Trismegistus and translated into Latin by Marsilio Ficino in 1463 were key documents of the Renaissance transition to modernity.1 Dame Frances, relying on Eugenio Garin’s authoritative studies of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and on works by Gershom Scholem that brought kabbalah within the reach of modern scholarship, also recognized that Pico, Ficino’s younger contemporary, had uncovered a parallel channel of primordial wisdom in the Jewish theosophy or kabbalah that he explored in greater depth than any Christian before him.2 In succeeding decades, as Moshe Idel and others have extended and refined the study of kabbalah, Yates’s notion of a “Hermetic tradition” in postmedieval Europe has inspired—and provoked—an enormous body of scholarly inquiry and learned interpretation.3 [End Page 111] Despite the frequent confluence of these two currents of investigation—one focused on Hebraica, the other on Hermetica—the conjoined topic of Hebrew Hermetism has had little systematic or comprehensive attention since Moritz Steinschneider’s pioneering work in the nineteenth century.4 To fill that gap, this study and review of the literature introduces the topic of Hermetism and then describes its impact on Jewish thought in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, with special attention to updating the bibliography on Hebrew Hermetism. Hermetic treatises in Hebrew dealing with magic, astrology, medicine, and other scientific and technical topics will therefore be analyzed in their cultural context. The basic thread of the story is the emergence of Hebrew Hermetica in antiquity and the early Middle Ages, their reception in the high Middle Ages by Abraham Ibn Ezra, the opposition of Maimonides to Ibn Ezra’s Hermetism, and the reception of Hermetism by learned Jews of the Italian Renaissance. Beginnings Hermes Trismegistus, the “thrice-greatest” Hermes, was a legendary figure of the Greco-Roman world, an all-knowing sage whose mythic attributes derived both from the Greek Hermes, god of roads and trade, and from the Egyptian Thoth, the moon-god who invented counting and writing, made the first measurement of time, and gave order to civil and religious life. Long before the Greeks came to Egypt, Hermes was the master of all speech and communication and thus the mediator between gods and humans. In the Hellenistic period, when Hermes and Thoth were first amalgamated, the Greek god was also identified with the Logos of the philosophers and eventually worshipped as the creator of the world.5 Imhotep-Asclepius, Ammon-Zeus, and other products of Greco-Egyptian syncretism also entered the company of Thoth-Hermes, and with Trismegistus [End Page 112] they all relayed information about the divine world to earthly mortals from on high. Texts in Greek attributed to these gods—writings venerated as if their originals had been copied in the sacred hieroglyphs of pharaonic Egypt—were actually composed in the early centuries of the Common Era, after which they circulated widely in the eastern Mediterranean and beyond.6 Hermetica in Latin and in eastern languages soon followed, eventually forming a large literature that promised to reveal the secrets of the universe and uncover the true knowledge of the divine world and the human soul.7 Hermetic knowledge or gnôsis, disclosed only to the elect, was required for the soul’s salvation and the understanding and hence the control of nature.8 For this reason, beneath its theosophical surface, the large and diverse literature of Hermetica has a great deal to say about what we would call “science” and “technology.” In the twentieth century, however, Hermetic treatises dealing with theological and philosophical subjects were carefully segregated by scholars from those that dealt with scientific or technical issues, including magic, astrology, and alchemy.9 This distinction notwithstanding, many Hermetic “theological” texts show traces of “technical” doctrines, especially astrology, while the technical corpus, also labeled “popular” or “occultist,” sometimes assumes or expresses the same theological issues that are at stake in the works called “speculative,” “theoretical,” or “philosophical.” Naturally, the ancient followers of Trismegistus saw magic, astrology, and related techniques as...

Effective Ways of Extracting Terms for ESP Programs for Law

This corpus-based study introduces an effective means of identifying legal terms in digitized documents. In the present study the first 300 entries resulted from the web-based term-extraction tool TermoStat was re-examined by using Chung's (2003) rating scale. When using the combination model, about 70 to 74 % of the candidate terms were found technical words. This is a much lower percentage than the 86% produced by the corpus comparison approach. However, the web-based term-extraction tool TermoStat provides four advantages: 1) users can save time and effort identifying terms, 2) users do not have to prepare any comparison corpora, 3) each item is automatically hyper-linked to all examples used in the technical corpus, and 4) technical collocations, as well as technical single words, are identified. Thus, if both mechanical and manual processes are used to extract legal terms, combining Chung's (2003) rating scale and the web-based comparison tool TermoStat could be an effective way to extract legal terms. Finally, this study concludes by offering some suggestions for further research.

Um corpus multilíngüe para ensino e tradução - o COMET: da construção à exploração

<p class="resumoredondo">O COMET – Corpus Multilíngüe para Ensino e Tradução –, em construção junto ao CITRAT (Centro Interdepartamental de Tradução e Terminologia) e ao Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, é um corpus eletrônico com vistas a pesquisas lingüísticas principalmente nas áreas de tradução, terminologia e ensino de línguas. O COMET<em> </em>é composto por três sub<em>corpora</em>: um Corpus Técnico-Científico, um Corpus de Aprendizes e um Corpus de Traduções. O Corpus Técnico-Científico privilegiará quatro áreas (Direito Comercial, Informática, Ortodontia e Meio Ambiente), e será ampliado sistematicamente até atingir a meta de um milhão de palavras em cada uma das referidas áreas. Abrigará também <em>corpora</em> eventuais produzidos pelos alunos do Curso de Especialização em Tradução além de pós-graduandos do programa de Estudos Lingüísticos e Literários em Inglês. Já o Corpus de Aprendizes será constituído de redações em língua estrangeira produzidas por alunos da graduação e dos cursos de extensão das áreas do Departamento de Letras Modernas: alemão, espanhol, francês, inglês e italiano. Finalmente, o Corpus<em> </em>de Traduções subdivide-se em Literário e Juramentado. O Corpus Literário é um corpus paralelo composto de contos traduzidos do inglês, e seus respectivos originais, e de literatura brasileira vertida para idiomas estrangeiros. O Corpus<em> </em>Juramentado será constituído de textos cedidos pela Junta Comercial de São Paulo por meio de contrato de comodato com nossa Universidade. Este artigo relata, justamente, a construção deste último corpus e as possibilidades de pesquisa que oferece.</p>

A corpus comparison approach for terminology extraction

This article examines one of the possible approaches to identifying technical terms: a corpus comparison approach using the range and frequency of word forms. In order to identify terms using the corpus comparison approach, a ratio is used as a tool based on the comparative range and frequency of word forms between a technical corpus and a comparison corpus. A rating scale approach is used as the basis for evaluating the corpus comparison approach. The analysis shows that the corpus comparison approach works reasonably well with around 86% overlap with the results from the rating scale approach. It also shows that the corpus comparison approach using word types is a reasonably simple and practical way of identifying terms.

Term extraction using non-technical corpora as a point of leverage

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