Technical Architecture Research Articles

Research on Intelligent Assembly Modes of Aerospace Products Based on Digital Twin

Based on the multi-varieties and scalable batch production mixed line assembly of aerospace products, this paper proposes the technical approach and system architecture of an intelligent assembly integration platform which is composed of hardware layer, software layer and application layer from bottom up, so as to construct an intelligent assembly integration application platform based on the digital twin. Hardware layer is composed of the equipment and communication, software layer mainly includes the database and functional modules, and application layer is constructed based on a digital twin model, realizing visual monitoring of the assembly process. This paper establishes an intelligent monitoring mode based on digital twin and an intelligent control mode based on two-layer optimization. At the workshop layer, a digital twin mode of entities is constructed so as to form a plan optimization information, logistics optimization information and quality optimization information, and post control optimized execution information is sent back to the workshop operational layer. At the assemble line layer, real-time information is acquired, equipment monitoring is realized, and optimized information is sent back to the workshop operational layer, achieving control and optimization of assembly lines. This paper reshapes processes under this intelligent assembly mode; and verify its application in aerospace product assembly.

Construction and Application Research of Knowledge Graph in Spacecraft Launch

In this paper, through analyzing the necessity of constructing a knowledge graph in spacecraft launch, we construct and use a knowledge graph in spacecraft launch, which serves as not only an effective way of solving the problem of "sparse knowledge" and "incomplete knowledge" in a sea of data but also a basis for achieving Semantic Artificial Intelligence (Semantic AI) and complex data analytics and applications. On the basis of understanding the basic technical architecture of knowledge graph, this paper analyzes the construction approaches of the knowledge graph in spacecraft launch in terms of knowledge source, modeling, extraction, fusion, inference, and storage. By means of the knowledge graph, automatic question-answering based on semantic search, fault detection based on machine learning, and portraits of equipment or information system can be achieved at the launch site. In doing so, the intelligent data engineering and construction at the launch site can be improved.

VNanoscope: a mobile application to support automatic blood sample generation

ABSTRACT Given the nature of the elements that make up blood, microscopes are fundamental to identifying blood cell morphology. These instruments are expensive, and it is not easy to keep blood samples and their diversity in educational environments. We propose a solution based on virtual reality, that generates reliable blood samples using the automatic creation of images that simulate specific pathologies. As part of its essential characteristics, the proposal allows browsing in larger samples and actions like traditional microscopes’ operation. In this proposal, we analyse academic approaches that detail similar experiences. Then, we describe the technical architecture that supports the sample generation processes. We validated the proposal in four aspects: Amethod of adoption model, the validation of replicated samples, aperformance test, and an educational exercise. The development of the mobile application was able to generate simulations of samples corresponding to a healthy adult and an adult with acute myeloid leukaemia, where users can visualise, explore and obtain data on each of the elements that appear in the sample. This iteration not only verifies its technical feasibility but opens the way for future research on improving education or training processes.

Modern Marketing Tools in the Condition of Globalization

Research background: CRM is one of the most popular tools of modern marketing in today’s globalized world. It is a purposefully set up management with customers, which synchronizes several internal company processes. Its justification is indisputable, as it is generally the case that companies that do not engage in customer relationship management are soon overshadowed by competition and fall into extinction. With the help of CRM, the company can manage not only the sale of products to customers but also following service. Sales staff, call center staff, service department staff and many others can thus use the CRM system. The subject of research in the paper is the use of CRM in Internet commerce. Purpose of the article: The development of a functional CRM system in a specific company and the introduction of selected CRM tools in the company’s online store can be considered a priority goal. Methods: During the elaboration of the paper, the methods of the compilation of analysis, synthesis and description were used on the basis of the search of the relevant literature. Findings & Value added: The paper contains findings on two levels. From the theoretical point of view, it provides an overview of the essence, development, individual elements, customer relationship strategy, as well as the technical architecture and possibilities of CRM implementation. From the practical point of view, it is about the design of a functional CRM system in a specific company and the introduction of selected CRM tools in the company’s online store In contrast, the CRM application in specific business conditions represents added value.

News Information Platform Optimization Based on the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things device online recommendation system has been applied in some Internet of Things operating companies and has achieved good results. In the process of designing and implementing the Internet of Things equipment online promotion system, this article uses the news information protocol transmission structure language to explain the use case analysis and activity diagram analysis of the Internet of Things equipment online promotion system and uses the Spring Hibernate (SH) integration framework in the field of the news information topology layer under the Internet of Things. Then, design and implement the technical architecture and main functional modules of the Internet of Things device online recommendation system, effectively improving the development efficiency and operating quality of the Internet of Things device online recommendation system. The system design concept and implementation ideas can be used as a reference for related industries when developing enterprise applications. This article uses the news information protocol transmission structure language to explain the demand analysis of the Internet of Things equipment online promotion system and mainly discusses the analysis of the use case of the Internet of Things equipment online promotion system and the analysis of core business activity diagrams. We completed the design of the Internet of Things device online promotion system based on the news information topology layer platform under the Internet of Things, mainly using the integration framework in the field of the news information topology layer under the Internet of Things to design the technical architecture of the Internet of Things device online promotion system, and design the Internet of Things of the function module structure and data table structure of the equipment online recommendation system. At the same time, they complete the realization of the main functions of the Internet of Things device online recommendation system; elaborate on the realization process of core modules such as Internet of Things device category management, Internet of Things device information management, announcement management, and device recommender management; and discuss the system testing process and application effects.

Using Blockchain in the Internet of Things Coordination

Now-a-days, the Internet of Things (IoT) has generated enormous interest from industry to create distributed and innovative solutions. However, achieving this goal is a tedious task and presents several open challenges as the literature points out. One of the most complex is the IoT coordination service. Unfortunately, most research works give rarely importance to this service in their models or architectures proposals. Wherefore our current contribution deals with this open issue and proposes a solution capable of implementing advanced processes that can be based on orchestration, choreography or both mechanisms. More over and to conduct efficiently both coordination mechanisms when sharing knowledge or tasks between connected objects, we integrate smart contacts to guarantee the modalities of behavior change in the coordination mechanism. Smart contracts are a safe way to decide the coordination mechanism based on the state of the system environment. To prove our approach, we have built a technical architecture based on a multi-agent system to abstract connected objects of IoT systems, blockchain technology, and the frameworks and languages required for collaboration processes such as BPMN, BPEL and BPEL4CHOR. Carbon leakage as a case study is used for experimentation.

Why we can be resilient: We have technology and open standards to thank

Key points Many in the information industry are able to work from home thanks to technologies that did not exist not long ago. The technologies we rely on, even proprietary ones, are built on a foundation of internet and web standards that we take for granted and may not even be aware of. The progress of technology over the past few decades is a story of ever‐increasing interoperability. The web standards from the W3C are open; free of cost; free of intellectual property claims; and have been developed to take accessibility, internationalization, security, privacy, and alignment with the W3C Web Technical Architecture into account. Our pivot to the demands of the post‐COVID era will be enabled by free, open standards and the new tools and technologies that will be based on them.

Optical service unit (OSU)-based next generation optical transport network (NG OTN) technology and verification

With the development of transmission technologies, optical transport network (OTN) has evolved from a digital encapsulation technology to a network technology that supports multi-service transport. As the OTN gradually expands to the edge of the metropolitan area network (MAN) and enterprise users have higher quality requirements on bandwidth and service security, more and more private line services are provided via OTN network. Therefore, the OTN container is transformed from an optical data unit (ODU) to an optical service unit (OSU). The OTN industry has studied several OSU technologies to fit the development trends of NG OTN, aiming at transporting 2 Mbit/s to 100 Gbit/s constant bit rate (CBR) services and Ethernet services with high efficiency and more flexibilities, as well as reducing OTN network deployment and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. In this work, several key technologies in NG OTN are introduced including NG OTN technical architecture, OSU frame format, client mapping and OSU multiplexing. Based on these technologies, we (China Mobile) took the lead in conducting the industry's first NG OTN test in Qingdao, which verified the service transport capability and lower latency performance of OSUs and promoted the maturity of the NG OTN industry chain.

An study on the application of blockchain based 5G Technology in the Power IoT

Based on some key characteristics of 5G and blockchain, we analyze the technical feasibility and necessity of combining 5G and blockchain in IoT construction. We prove that the combination of 5G and blockchain can effectively improve network and data security of 5G by discussing the practical problems that can be solved by this method(including distributed deployment of network platforms, slicing management, network security authentication, spectrum resource management, data sharing security), while moderately reducing network complexity. Finally, we discuss the application of 5G and blockchain combined technical architecture in the construction of the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on the requirements of power transmission, substation, distribution and consumption. We analyze the 5G network slicing management based on blockchain technology, which can realize the dynamic selection of the best resources among multiple resources to create end-to-end network slices that meet business needs and security isolation requirements, and enhance the security of the network and the data in multiple scenarios and applications, it will provide a strong network infrastructure support for the Energy IoT service system.

Research on Real-time Data Acquisition Technology Based on Distribution Automation Technology

The remote terminal equipment data collection system of distribution automation plays a decisive role in the monitoring of distribution networks. The thesis studies the key technologies of distribution network operation and real-time data collection of topology data, analyses various new technologies of ICT, designs the basic technical architecture of real-time data collection, and realizes the automatic connection of various professional data of distribution networks such as equipment, marketing, and scheduling. Into a unified distribution network database that integrates various disciplines, multiple themes, and multiple applications, comprehensively improves the quality of distribution network data, and provides a basis for distribution network diagnosis and big data analysis. At the same time, the paper performs software filtering on the data and uses fast Fourier transform to improve real-time performance. Using a signal generator and a high-precision switching power supply as the signal input, the frequency test, voltage accuracy test and fast Fourier transform experiment were conducted respectively. The experimental results show that the simplified terminal data collection system has higher accuracy and stability.

Long-term Preservation of Electronic Record Based on Digital Continuity in Smart Cities

Under the co-promotion of the wave of urbanization and the rise of data science, smart cities have become the new concept and new practice of urban development. Smart cities are the combination of information technology represented by the Internet of Things, cloud computing, mobile networks and big data, and urbanization. How to effectively achieve the long-term preservation of massive, heterogeneous, and multi-source digital electronic records in smart cities is a key issue that must be solved. Digital continuity can ensure the accessibility, integrity and availability of information. The quality management of electronic record, like the quality management of product, will run through every phase of the urban lifecycle. Based on data quality management, this paper constructs digital continuity of smart city electronic records. Furthermore, the work in this paper ensures the authenticity, integrity, availability and timeliness of electronic documents by quality management of electronic record. This paper elaborates on the overall technical architecture of electronic record, as well as the various technical means needed to protect its four characteristics.

A Blockchain Approach for Decentralized V2X (D-V2X)

New mobility paradigms have appeared in recent years, and everything suggests that some more are coming. This fact makes apparent the necessity of modernizing the road infrastructure, the signalling elements and the traffic management systems. Many initiatives have emerged around the term Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in order to define new scenarios and requirements for this kind of applications. We even have two main competing technologies for implementing Vehicular communication protocols (V2X), C-V2X and 802.11p, but neither of them is widely deployed yet. One of the main barriers for the massive adoption of those technologies is governance. Current solutions rely on the use of a public key infrastructure that enables secure collaboration between the different entities in the V2X ecosystem, but given its global scope, managing such infrastructure requires reaching agreements between many parties, with conflicts of interest between automakers and telecommunication operators. As a result, there are plenty of use cases available and two mature communication technologies, but the complexity at the business layer is stopping the drivers from taking advantage of ITS applications. Blockchain technologies are defining a new decentralized paradigm for most traditional applications, where smart contracts provide a straightforward mechanism for decentralized governance. In this work, we propose an approach for decentralized V2X (D-V2X) that does not require any trusted authority and can be implemented on top of any communication protocol. We also define a proof-of-concept technical architecture on top of a cheap and highly secure System-on-Chip (SoC) that could allow for massive adoption of D-V2X.

Supporting A Developmental Approach for Shared Data Infrastructure

BackgroundPublic agencies hold important, yet largely unused, administrative data on the families and communities they serve. Integrated Data Systems (IDS) provide the governance process, legal framework, technology, and human capacity to connect these families and communities across data siloes. By securely linking administrative data across siloes, IDS are able to support data-informed decision making.
 IntroductionFor 10+ years, AISP has helped jurisdictions through the developmental process of building IDS. We operate a network of 22 U.S. states and counties with fully-functioning Integrated Data Systems, and provide technical assistance to 18 jurisdictions at various stages of IDS development.
 Objectives and ApproachThis session presents the outcomes of an independent evaluation of our Learning Community initiative (2019) and presents a new developmental framework that outlines key dimensions of quality and readiness for IDS building and implementation.
 ResultsAs of 2020, 20 sites have received formal 18-month cohort based technical assistance. This presentation will discuss site-based approaches to facilitate data sharing, including common challenges and solutions, and progress to date, including findings of an independent evaluation (2019). We will also present a framework developed based on the deep knowledge developed through technical assistance efforts, and findings from a national survey of data integration efforts conducted in 2020.
 The framework uses purpose, partnership structure, technical architecture, and organizational model—with respect to the strengths and challenges of each—to categorize and synthesize data integration efforts for social policy and program improvement. The developmental approach to our work emphasizes that we seek to understand methods for sustainability in diverse ways.
 Conclusion / ImplicationsWhile there is broad agreement in the value of integrating data across domains, developing the capacity and skills necessary to link administrative data for policy evaluation and research remains an elusive goal. Initial results indicate that an individualized yet collaborative technical assistance approach is successful in developing data integration capacity.

Research on 6G mobile communication system

6G will have super flexibility in the utilization of time, frequency and space resources. The time slot can be compressed to use the high frequency band more effectively and meet the demand of delay sensitive service. Terahertz frequency band is used to make up for the current shortage of spectrum resources. The 6G system will adopt the technical architecture of multi frequency close integration and no cellular cell communication network in air, sky and ground areas. 6G system will realize the integration of network and intelligence, communication and sensor, and adopt novel discontinuous communication technology, wireless power transmission and energy harvesting technology, so as to access all people, information and goods with ultra real experience, and completely eliminate the restrictions of working place and time.

Automotive ethernet: High-speed in-vehicle networking for next-generation electronics

This research paper explores the adoption and implementation of Automotive Ethernet as a high-speed, low-latency in-vehicle networking solution that addresses the increasing demands of next-generation automotive electronics. The growing complexity of modern vehicles, driven by advancements in connectivity, autonomous driving technologies, and electric powertrains, has outpaced the capabilities of traditional automotive networks such as CAN, LIN, and MOST. Automotive Ethernet emerges as a scalable and flexible alternative, offering higher bandwidth, reduced wiring complexity, and improved interoperability with existing systems. The study begins by examining the evolution of in-vehicle networks, highlighting the limitations of legacy architectures and the need for more advanced networking solutions. It delves into the technical architecture of Automotive Ethernet, covering the physical layer, network topology, and key standards like 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1. Moreover, the paper discusses the integration of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) to ensure deterministic communication for critical automotive applications, such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity. Beyond technical details, the paper evaluates the diverse applications of Automotive Ethernet, ranging from infotainment systems to diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, and the role it plays in supporting domain controllers and zonal architectures in modern vehicle platforms. Performance factors, including signal integrity, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and quality of service (QoS), are analyzed to underscore the robustness of Automotive Ethernet in real-world environments. Finally, the paper addresses key integration challenges, such as coexistence with legacy networks, software and middleware development, and cybersecurity concerns. Looking ahead, it explores future trends and opportunities, including multi-gigabit Ethernet, energy-efficient designs for electric vehicles, and integration with 5G and V2X technologies. By synthesizing current research, industry standards, and future prospects, this paper provides a comprehensive outlook on the pivotal role of Automotive Ethernet in enabling the next generation of connected and autonomous vehicles.

Osmanlı’nın Son Döneminde Bir Kasaba Hastanesi: İnşa Süreci ve Mimarisiyle Dedeağaç Gurebā Hastanesi

Batı Trakya’da, bugün Yunanistan sınırları içinde yer alan Dedeağaç (Alexandroupolis), uzun yıllar Osmanlı hakimiyetinde kalmış; Osmanlı Devleti’nin son yüzyılında da önemi artmış bir yerleşimdir. Bir liman kenti olması, İstanbul’a yakınlığı ve Sultan II. Abdülhamid Dönemi’nde İstanbul-Selanik demiryolu hattının Dedeağaç bağlantısının sağlanması ile birçok imar etkinliğine sahne olan şehirde bir de hastane inşa edilmiştir. Osmanlı sağlık hizmetlerindeki modernleşmenin bir parçası olarak Tanzimat Dönemi’yle birlikte inşa edilmeye başlanan ve sivil halka hizmet vermek amaçlı “gurebâ” hastanelerinden olan Dedeağaç Gurebâ Hastanesi, XIX. yüzyılın sonlarında, bu amaçla inşa edilmiş ve açılmıştır. Kârgir, yüksek bodrum kat üzerine tek katlı olarak inşa edilmiş olan hastane büyük bir bahçe içinde yer almaktadır. Bulaşıcı hastalıklar için ayrı daireleri ve büyük bir de hamamı olan hastane oldukça modern bir sağlık tesisidir. Bu makalede, orjinal belgeler ışığında, hastanenin inşa süreci, planı, mimarisi ve dönemi içindeki yeri, diğer gurebâ hastaneleri ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Creating a technical architecture framework for m-voting application

South Africa’s general election of 2019 posed many challenges, some of which threatened the credibility of its result, and the entire election process. Some of the challenges were multiple voting, many hours of queuing, which led to fatigue, and a significant decline in the number of voters owing to the limited timeframe. These factors heighten the need for m-voting as an alternative or complementary method of voting in the country. Owing to similar challenges, many studies have been conducted, which consequently focused on development and strengthening of security features of e-voting and m-voting applications. However, many countries, including South Africa are not deploying the applications because of their complex nature, such as not being able to trace and track its components. The complexity is attributed to the lack of an architecture framework. This paper presents a technical architecture framework, to support and guide the development and implementation of m-voting applications, to possibly eradicate complexity and enhance the electoral process in South Africa. The outcome of this study was based on findings from analysis of existing materials and semi-structured interviews, in which the hermeneutics approach was employed.

Research on 5G+MEC Industrial Internet Technology Testing Platform

The 5G+MEC Industrial Internet technology test platform is committed to the application of 5G technology in industrial scenarios. The test platform is supported by 5G+MEC as the technical architecture, and is integrated with machine vision, AR, AGV and other applications; The test platform adopts a modular design. Starting from the test scenarios of the manufacturing process such as interaction, customization, and production, some technologies are transformed into mature solutions through testing, which shortens the application cycle of new technologies and promotes the development of the Industry. Internet.

Research and Practice on the Integrated System of Power Management and Control

This paper describes the power management and control system from the business architecture, technical architecture, application architecture, system integration four parts, and studies each component respectively. Through the current advanced information technology and Internet technology, the platform, covering “acquisition, simulation, early-warn, analysis, and response”, is constructed to effectively improve the level of data management and utilization, which can further improve the intelligent and lean on power management and control in cigarette industrial enterprises.

Comparing machine learning approaches to identify myocardial scar from the ECG

Abstract Background Detection of myocardial infarction (MI) traditionally requires ECG Q waves, which have poor sensitivity, or imaging, which is time consuming. We hypothesized that machine learning (ML) of the ECG could identify prior MI, but its accuracy may depend highly upon the architecture and parameters chosen. Purpose To compare ML architectures that predict prior MI from the ECG. Methods We curated ECGs in 608 patients seen in cardiology clinics at 2 centers. We transformed 12-lead ECGs to median beats in Frank (X, Y, Z) planes (fig. A). We tested 3 architectures: a 1D deep neural network (DNN), a 3D neural network, and a support vector machine (SVM). The 1D DNN used only temporal convolutions (fig B) while the 3D DNN uses a spatial convolution (fig C) prior to the fully-connected layer (fig. C). Predictive accuracy for history of MI was compared for all architectures (fig. D). Results Patients (61.4±14.5 years, 31.2% female) had a 28.7% (175/608) prevalence of prior MI. Optimized SVM of 6 features provided accuracy of 66.1% for identifying prior MI, similar to ECG Q wave analysis. 1D DDN had accuracy of 63.6% with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.625. 3D DNN outperformed 1D DNN and SVM, providing an accuracy of 71±5% (using k=5-fold cross validation), with an AUC of 0.730. Conclusion ECG machine learning can identify prior MI better than Q wave analysis, but is sensitive to technical parameters and specific computational architecture. It is important to develop a framework to enable robust comparisons of different ML studies and future refinements. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institutes of Health - United States