Tear Strength Research Articles

Utilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to improve functionality and mechanical performances of cotton fabric

This study aims to produce high-quality functional cotton fabric through the deposition of nano TiO2. Here nanoparticles are deposited by the pad-dry-cure method with different recipes formulated using an acrylic binder and wax emulsifier together with TiO2 nanoparticles to observe the optimal effect on the final quality. The treated fabric is characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR. To analyze the results, the antimicrobial properties, UV protection, and crease resistance are measured as functional properties. Furthermore, tensile and tearing strength, frictional resistance, bending length, abrasion resistance, and pilling are determined as mechanical properties. The results confirm that the binder significantly affects on nano deposition and improves the mentioned functional characteristics. However, the deposition of nano TiO2 has deteriorated cotton's mechanical properties, and that degradation is intensified by the use of binder. This degradation problem is overcome by using the emulsifier as an auxiliary since the recipe having an emulsifier improves all the mechanical qualities of nano-treated cotton fabric. Particularly, the sample containing a binder and an emulsifier (Nano TiO2-3) ensures up to 97 % UV-ray blockage, 93 % antibacterial activity, and 9 % increase in tensile strength.

Thermomechanical-chemical devulcanization of ground tire rubber

Abstract We developed a thermomechanical devulcanization process of ground tire rubber (GTR) by incorporating chemicals to achieve better devulcanization. The samples were devulcanized in a twin-screw extruder with the help of three types of chemicals that aid devulcanization: N-(cyclohexylthio) phthalimide (PVI), dibenzamid diphenyl disulfide (DBD) and dialkyl-pentasulfide (DPS, commercialized as Aktiplast 79). We characterized the resulting devulcanizates by Soxhlet-extraction, and produced vulcanized sheets, which we characterized mechanically and examined the vulcanization process. We found that all chemicals facilitated better devulcanization and the devulcanizate had a more rubber-like behavior during mixing. Vulcanization was also slightly improved and reversion was reduced. When revulcanized, the rubber had improved strain at break and tear strength.

Hydroentangled waste cotton non-woven based alginate hydrogel wound dressing for high wound exudates

Hydrogels are used in modern wound dressings due to their ability to provide comfort with quick healing. However, poor mechanical properties of hydrogels limit their availability in commercial wound dressings. Nonwovens are highly porous, strong, and flexible structures that can provide support to hydrogels without compromising their properties. In this study, a cost-effective and sustainable hydroentangled nonwoven from industrial cotton waste was prepared and incorporated into alginate hydrogel for wound dressings. The novel composite of hydroentangled cotton nonwoven and alginate hydrogel was synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique. The effect of concentration of alginate hydrogel (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt %) and drying temperature (20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C) of composite was analyzed for high wound exudates. The properties of prepared composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, tensile strength, tear strength, Air permeability, moisture management wound exudate test, and quantitative antimicrobial testing. Moreover, the comfort performance of these samples was evaluated by air permeability and moisture management testing. The properties of developed composites are highly dependent on the concentration of alginate and drying temperature. The results showed that maximum fluid absorbency (%) of 650 was achieved with good comfort properties. This study can help to increase the commercial availability of hydrogel-based wound dressings.

GRAPHENE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIOZONANT IN TIRE SIDEWALL COMPOUNDS

ABSTRACT Tire sidewalls have an important function in achieving optimized tire performance. The sidewall compound must show good abrasion resistance, aging resistance, and tear strength; low hysteresis and minimal contribution to whole tire rolling resistance; and good adhesion to adjacent components in the tire. In addition, in both the original equipment market and the premium performance market, appearance is of considerable importance. The current system of waxes, antioxidants, and phenyl diamine antiozonants is very effective in meeting the need of the tire end user. However, recent concerns centered on the environmental impact of N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, specifically N-(1,3-dimetylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and staining and discoloration of the tire sidewall surface raise issues that should be addressed. Specialized grades of graphene can offer a mechanism by which tire appearance and environmental concerns can be overcome. Pristine graphene can improve compound resistance of ozonolysis and oxidation by replacing the current antiozonants and antioxidants used in tire compounds; improve tire sidewall appearance; and improve tire sidewall resistance to scuffing, abrasion, and tearing.

Enhancing the coloration of polypropylene surfaces through low-frequency plasma modification with disperse dyes

This study focuses on the effective coloring of nonwoven polypropylene surfaces, achieved through the application of oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments in a vacuum environment using cold plasma. Various plasma durations were employed to introduce experimental diversity into the samples. Following surface modification, dispersal dyeing based on benzenesulphonamide was performed. To evaluate the impact of surface modification, comprehensive characterization tests, including SEM, FTIR-ATR, XRD, and XPS, were conducted. Performance effects were scrutinized through color spectrum values (CIE L*, a*, b*, and K/S values), tearing strengths and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, fastness tests for washing (color change and staining) and for rubbing (dry and wet) were carried out to examine the effect of surface modification on dyed polypropylene nonwoven fabrics. According to the test results, a notable increase in K/S values was observed after plasma treatments. The impact of nitrogen and oxygen plasma treatment on polypropylene surfaces was comprehensively evaluated, considering performance properties across all characterization processes.

PLA/PBAT blends for blown film extrusion

Films of biodegradable PLA/PBAT blends with PBAT content of 10–90 wt% were obtained by extrusion blowing. PLA/PBAT blends were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TGA and SEM. Tensile properties and tear strength of the films were also determined. It was shown that despite thermodynamicimmiscibility of PLA and PBAT, addition of PBAT in amounts above 50 wt% allows obtaining films with good functional properties. Optimal properties were obtained with PBAT content of 60 or 70 wt%. Tensile strength was 36.7–38.7 MPa, elongation at break 357–388% and tear strength 11–22 N/mm.

Functional textile surface production by analysing the mechanical properties of cotton, bamboo and linen woven surfaces

In the textile industry, it is seen that the use of nanomaterials is increasing to meet the demands for long-lasting and sustainable products. This research aims to improve the mechanical properties of 1×1 plain weave cotton, bamboo and linen surfaces made of natural yarns by coating them with ZnO, TiO2 and SiO2 to provide sustainable natural life and create a sustainable functional textile surface. For this reason, coatings were made with nanoparticles and applied to textile surfaces. The blade (stripping knife) coating method with subsequent dosing was used when the coating agent was liquid with an appropriate viscosity value. The surface morphology of the treated fabric was characterized by SEM, EDS and FT-IR analysis. Mechanical properties were analysed by thickness, weight and tear strength tests and antibacterial activity against S. Aureus and E. Coli bacteria were tested. When the results were examined, it was determined that cotton, linen and bamboo surfaces, which did not have antibacterial properties except for E. Coli (49.56%), showed antibacterial properties (100%) in bamboo and linen after coating with ZnO and TiO2 , and in bamboo after coating with SiO2 . The coating material also caused different effects in terms of thickness, weight and strength change.

The effect of nano-zinc oxide on the mechanical properties of the cured ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber with a semi-efficient vulcanisation system

The present investigation is dedicated to the impact of replacing conventional zinc oxide (ZnO) with nano-zinc oxide (nZnO) in ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber compounds. Multiple rubber compounds were prepared utilising conventional and nano-zinc oxides, followed by vulcanisation employing a semi-efficient vulcanisation system (SEV). Results indicate that nZnO promotes a more uniform dispersion within the rubber matrix compared to ZnO. Moreover, the incorporation of nZnO enhances the vulcanisation process, yielding a notable 27% increase in crosslink density. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the cured rubber, encompassing tear strength, hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break, remained either unaffected or exhibited slight deterioration. This observed discrepancy is ascribed to the inherent tendency of nZnO particles to self-aggregate, thereby disrupting the homogeneous distribution of the activator within the rubber matrix and fostering the formation of localised crosslink networks around the nano-particles. To overcome this challenge, the study proposes potential strategies, including nano-particle surface modification, optimisation of mixing parameters, and integration of compatibilisers, aiming to enhance the interaction between nZnO and rubber chains, mitigate agglomeration and facilitate a more even dispersion. The study suggests the potential of nZnO in augmenting the crosslinking efficiency of rubber compounds while emphasising the imperative need to address nano-particle agglomeration to optimise overall mechanical properties.

Comparative Evaluation of Tear Strength and Tensile Strength of Different Types of Gingival Mask Materials: An In Vitro Study.

The implant-supported prosthetic treatment strategy is commonly chosen in modern dentistry to address tooth loss caused by a variety of conditions or dental defects. To achieve healthy and natural-looking results in implant dentistry, it is essential to replicate the peri-implant soft tissue.The gingival tissue that surrounds implants is quite accurately replicated by gingival masks. They facilitate more accurate prosthesis restoration design, enhance periodontal health, and promote oral cleanliness. Furthermore, gingival masks allow for the accurate observation of superstructure seating on implant analogs, which is essential for creating superstructures that fit perfectly. To evaluate the change in tear strength and tensile strength of three different gingival mask materials (esthetic mask auto mix, Gi-MaskandGingifast Rigid) available in the market at various time intervals. Total of 540 specimens were fabricated with 180 samples of each group. Changes in tensile strength and tear strength of three different gingival mask materials (esthetic mask auto mix, Gi-MaskandGingifast Rigid) at intervals of one day, three days, and seven days were measured by a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test.We also performed correlation and regression analyses on tear and tensile strength. The null hypothesis, which is supported by these data, claims that there is no discernible variation in the tear strength and tensile strength of three distinct materials across various time intervals. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected, and it was concluded that there was a significant change in the tear strength and tensile strength of these gingival mask materials at different time intervals. Esthetic mask auto mix has a high tear strength compared to Gi-Mask and gingifast rigid. Gi-Mask has the least tear strength among all three. Tensile strength decreases as time increases, but the Esthetic mask auto mixhas high strength compared to Gi-Mask and gingifast rigid. Selecting the right material for gingival masks is essential, taking into account the clinical scenario and the articulation time.Time influences gingival mask materials' tear strength and tensile strength, which impacts their performance and durability. Esthetic mask auto mix has a high tear and tensile strength compared to Gi-Mask and gingifast rigid.

Study of Structure Formation in Multilayer Composite Material AA1070-AlMg6-AA1070-Titanium (VT1-0)-08Cr18Ni10Ti Steel after Explosive Welding and Heat Treatment

Multilayer composite materials, consisting of layers of aluminum alloy and steel, are used in the manufacturing of large engineering structures, including in the shipbuilding and railcar industries. Due to the different properties of aluminum alloys and steels, it is difficult to achieve high-strength joints by conventional welding. Therefore, these joints are produced by explosive welding. In the present work, the structure of a multilayer material, AA1070-AlMg6-AA1070 (aluminum alloys)-VT1-0-08Cr18Ni10Ti (steel), was investigated after explosive welding and heat treatments were performed under different conditions. The microstructure of the AlMg6 layer at the AlMg6-AA1070 interface consists of shaped anisotropic grains extending along the weld interface. The AA1070 layer is enriched with magnesium due to its diffusive influx from AlMg6. In the AlMg6 and VT1-0 layers, adiabatic shear bands are found that start at the weld interface and propagate deep into the material. The optimal temperature for the heat treatment is 450–500 °C, as internal stresses are reduced at this temperature and the grain structure of the AlMg6 layer is not coarse. Tear strength testing revealed that the tear strength of the composite material after explosive welding was 130 ± 10 MPa, which exceeded the strength of the AA1070 alloy.

Effects of xylan-modified precipitated calcium carbonate filler on the properties of paper

Abstract The use of mineral-based fillers tends to reduce the mechanical properties of paper, which can limit their application. The filler surface modification is a significant treatment to overcome this limitation. This research aims to offer a novel modified mineral-based filler to provide its industrial application. The surface of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was modified with xylan (XS), which is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is used as a filler at different filler dosage levels in paper pulp. Modified PCC(MPCC) was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The analysis demonstrated that the MPCC filler surface was coated with XS successfully. The effect of PCC and MPCC-filled hand-sheet paper physical, chemical and optical properties were studied. The experimental results showed that the mechanical (tensile, burst, tear strength) and optical (brightness, opacity) of hand-sheet paper filled with MPCC were significantly improved compared with unmodified PCC-filled paper at the same ash content. The filler retention of PCC and MPCC fillers in paper was investigated, and the MPCC filler showed better filler retention properties in paper stock than the PCC filler.

Application and valorization of novel indigenous Azadirachta indica leaf in leather processing

This study investigated the viability of locally available organic sources of Azadirachta indica leaf as vegetable tannin agent in leather processing to promote green leather manufacturing. Leather tanned with Azadirachta indica leaf powder (NPT), extract (NET) and conventional vegetable tanned leather (CVT) was characterized with FTIR, DLS, HPLC, DSC, TGA, and SEM. Total soluble solid, pH, tannin content, and tanning strength of Azadirachta indica leaf extract were found to be 24 %, 4.81, 12.34 % and 1.81 respectively. Moisture content, fat content, and water-soluble content of Azadirachta indica leaf extract tanned leather (NET) were 12.26 %, 10.8 % and 7.2 % respectively. The shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, stitch tear strength, grain crack load, and finished film bond strength of NET leather were 86 °C, 282.52 kg/cm2, 139.53 kg/cm, 24 kg, and 414 g/cm respectively. NET leather exhibited better anti-microbial sensitivity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa than NPT and NET leather. Overall, the experimental results of this study indicate the A. indica leaf could serve as a prime renewable tanning agent, substituting hazardous chromium and imported conventional vegetable tannin chemicals in leather manufacturing. Thus, developed A. indica leaf tannin material from plant sources could provide sustainable leather production, contributing to eco-friendly and viable green leather processing options.

Exploring the mechanical potential of 3D woven solid structures for car seat cover

Seats serve as the primary connection point between humans and cars. To meet consumer expectations, the seat cover must possess mechanical durability. This is crucial due to the significance and expense associated with the assembling car seat cover. The mechanical durability of a material can be assessed by testing its tensile strength, tearing strength, stretchability, abrasion resistance, and pilling resistance. Many researchers conducted analyses on the mechanical performance of traditional seat covers. This study aims to explore the mechanical potential of 3D woven solid structures for car seat covers. Air-texturized polyester yarn (ATY) was utilized to produce various 3D woven solid structures and compared to benchmark 2D fabric seat covers with equivalent areal density. Placing three sets of yarn in the x, y, and z axes enhanced the structural integrity and distributed the stress evenly, which helped to boost the mechanical performance of 3D structures. The study concluded that 3D woven structures have the potential for mechanical performance and are expected to be utilized as car seat covers in the near future.

Ultrastrong, Ductile, Tear- and Folding-Resistant Polyimide Film Doubly Reinforced by an Aminated Rigid-Rod Macromolecule and Graphene Oxide.

As a high-performance polymer with exceptional mechanical, thermal, and insulating properties, polyimide (PI) has been widely used as flexible circuit substrates for microelectronics, portable electronics, and wearable devices. Due to the growing demand for further thinning and lightweighting of electronic products, PI films need to have further enhanced mechanical properties. Traditional nanofiller-reinforced PI films often exhibit reduced ductility and limited improvements in strength. Therefore, it remains a challenge to simultaneously improve the strength and toughness of PI films while preserving their ductility. In this study, we report an exceptionally strong and ductile PI doubly reinforced by one-dimensional rigid-rod para-aramid, poly(p-aminophenylene aminoterephthalamide ((NH2)2-PPTA), and two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. The amino side groups of (NH2)2-PPTA react with the anhydride end groups of PI, forming covalent bonds. At a (NH2)2-PPTA content of only 0.4 wt %, the (NH2)2-PPTA/PI film displays significantly enhanced mechanical properties. When 0.4 wt % of GO is added together with (NH2)2-PPTA, the tensile strength, tensile toughness, and strain at break reach 284.8 ± 5.3 MPa, 277.9 ± 7.6 MJ/m3, and 132.6 ± 3.8%, which are ∼178, ∼312, and ∼51% higher, respectively, than those of pure PI. Moreover, the doubly reinforced PI film also exhibits a 206% increase in tear strength and significantly enhanced folding resistance. The dual reinforcement of PI with (NH2)2-PPTA and GO improves the mechanical properties more efficiently than any single reinforcing agents previously reported and overcomes the disadvantage of most inorganic nanofillers that reduce ductility.

Influence of curing temperature on shape memory performance of polyethylenimine‐based shape memory polymer coated cotton fabric

AbstractThis research investigates the effect of curing temperature on the shape memory behavior and coating adhesion of polyethylenimine‐based shape memory polyurethane (PEI‐SMPU) to cotton fabric. The study utilized a dip‐coating process to apply a PEI‐SMPU solution to cotton fabrics, followed by curing at temperatures ranging from 100 to 160°C. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed uniform coating, and significant adhesion, and surface roughness was substantially reduced as evidenced by atomic force microscopy. The fabric's shape memory performance improved with increasing cure temperature, exhibiting excellent recovery (90%) at lower SMPU concentrations (1%). The results indicated that the tear strength of the fabric decreased with increasing curing temperature, attributed to constrained yarn mobility due to increased SMPU cross‐linking. The study successfully correlates the thermal and mechanical properties of SMPU‐coated fabrics with the interaction between SMPU and fabric, emphasizing the preservation of their laundering durability after multiple wash cycles. These findings contribute to the development of smart textiles with improved performance and longevity.

Regulating the microstructure and hydrophilicity of cellulose nanofibers using taurine and the application in humidity sensor and actuator

Exploring the interrelationships between microstructure, hydrophilicity, humidity response, and material stability through molecular structure design and low-cost preparation, and manufacturing sensing and driving materials with a perfect balance between structures and properties is crucial for biomimetic robots and intelligent devices. Herein, inspired by the capillary phenomenon, the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was grafted by using taurine to form the “micro cilia” microstructure on its surface (CNF-TAU). By controlling the cilia density and symmetry, the hydrophilicity of the materials was adjusted, and the water was allowed to quickly separate from the inside of the materials, which led to improving the humidity sensitivity and stability of materials. Concretely, compared with CNF, the puncture load, tearing strength, and elongation at break of the CNF-TAU-1.0 were improved by 11.95 times, 2.16 times, and 15.6 %, respectively, and excellent tensile strength was presented. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of CNF-TAU was first weakened and then enhanced with TAU content increasing. At last, the CNF-TAU-1.0 (WCA 55.43°) was selected and blended with single-layer graphene oxide (GO) to prepare CNF-TAU/GO composite films by vacuum filtration. The results indicated that the composite film had excellent mechanical (room and high humidity), humidity responsiveness, and humidity gradient-driven properties. In detail, the CNF-TAU/GO-10 % composite film had the generated stable induced voltage (68.4 mV), the fast response/recovery time (0.3 s/0.9 s), the large max. bending angle (178.4°), and the drive cycle stability (1000 cycles). Moreover, the composite film could be applied to produce biomimetic soft robots, such as human fingers and butterfly-shaped robots.

The influence of the molecular structure of binary block‐type styrene‐butadiene rubber on dynamic mechanical properties under normal and high‐pressure conditions

AbstractThrough anionic two‐stage polymerization, block‐type styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) with systematically regulable low‐temperature loss peaks is successfully prepared. The influence of 1,2‐Bd unit in the soft segment of block‐type SSBR on mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology is studied, while pressure factors are introduced into dynamic mechanical studies. The block‐type SSBR with a soft segment containing 21.9 wt% of 1,2‐Bd exhibits the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength. Under atmospheric pressure, the soft segment 1,2‐Bd unit influences the dynamic mechanical properties by altering the chain segment's motion loss capability. As the mass fraction of 1,2‐Bd increases from 21.9 to 58.6 wt%, tanδmax increases, the glass transition temperature of the soft segment increases from −59.0 to −18.9°C. Additionally, influenced by thermodynamic compatibility, the microscopic morphology transitions from strong separation to weak separation. Pressure affects dynamic mechanical properties by altering the free volume of the chain segments. Pressure reduces tanδmax, increases Tg, and raises the average Tg of the soft segment by 11°C. The K value of the linear equation representing the relationship between the soft segment Tg and the mass fraction of 1,2‐Bd is unaffected by pressure.

Fabrication of high performance poly(vinyl alcohol)/straw composite film used for package via melt casting and biaxial stretching

A high performance poly(vinyl alcohol)/straw (PVA/SP) composite film for package was fabricated in this study by using thermal processing technology of PVA established in our research group and biaxial stretching technology. The introduction of SP disrupted the original hydrogen bonds in modified PVA by forming new hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of each component in modified system, thus promoting the stable melt casting of PVA/SP composites and also endowing the obtained PVA/SP precursor sheets with good drawability. Upon biaxial stretching, SP reinforced the crystalline structure and orientation of PVA through their hydrogen bonds with PVA, improving the mechanical strength, crystallinity and thermal stability of PVA/SP films. The film with 3.0 × 3.0 stretching ratios demonstrated the exceptional tensile strength (62.2 MPa), tear strength (119.7 kN/m), low heat shrinkage (5.2 %), and oxygen permeability coefficient (1.38 × 10−16 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa), which surpassed most conventional plastic films used in food packaging field. This research not only pioneered an environmentally friendly packaging solution, but also offered a novel strategy for solid-state high-value, large-scale and economical utilization of waste crop straw, greatly avoiding the adverse effects of its burning on the environment.

Building Chemical Interface Layers in Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Rubber Composites to Achieve Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Thermal Control Capability of Tires.

With the rapid development of the transport industry, there is a higher demand for environmental friendliness, durability, and stability of tires. Rubber composites with excellent mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and low heat generation are very important for the preparation of green tires. In this study, the all-aqueous phase process was initially employed to prepare 2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AZT) functionalized graphene oxide (AGO). Subsequently, modified graphene oxide/silica/natural rubber (AGO/SiO2/NR) composites were obtained through latex blending and hot press vulcanization processes. This method was environmentally friendly and exhibited high modification efficiency. Benefiting from the good dispersion of AGO in the latex and the cross-linking reaction between AGO and NR, AGO/SiO2/NR composites with good dispersion and enhanced interfacial interaction were finally obtained. AGO/SiO2/NR composites showed significantly improved overall performance. Compared to GO/SiO2/NR composites, the tensile strength (28.1 MPa) and tear strength (75.3 N/mm) of the AGO/SiO2/NR composites were significantly increased, while the heat build-up value (10.4 °C) and DIN abrasion volume (74.9 mm3) were significantly reduced. In addition, the steady-state temperature field distribution inside the tire was visualized by ANSYS finite element simulation. The maximum temperature of the prepared AGO/SiO2/NR was reduced by 18.2% compared to that of the GO/SiO2/NR tires. This strategy is expected to provide a new approach for the development of low energy consumption, environmentally friendly, and long-life rubber for tires.

Mechanical Robust and Conductive Polyurea Nanocomposites Using Graphene Platelets

Graphene, renowned for its exceptional surface area, electrical and thermal conductivity, and gas permeation resistance, serves as an excellent filler for enhancing the properties of polyurea (PUA). In this study, graphene platelets (GNPs) were mass-produced via thermal expansion of graphite intercalation compound followed by ultrasonic exfoliation. These GNPs were then incorporated into PUA using a straightforward mixing method to create PUA/GNPs composites. Characterization using SEM and a high resistivity meter revealed strong interfacial bonding between GNPs and the PUA matrix, facilitated by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and Jeffamine D2000 (D2000). This robust interaction significantly improved the composites' performance. Notable enhancements in mechanical properties were observed: tensile strength increased by approximately 79% at 0.5 vol%, impact strength by 15.7% at 0.2 vol%, and tear strength by 30.6% at 0.5 vol%,. These improvements underscore the effectiveness of GNPs as reinforcing fillers, significantly boosting the durability and robustness of the PUA composites. Additionally, the study examined the effect of varying graphene content on the electrical properties of the composites, revealing substantial improvements in electrical conductivity. This research presents a practical strategy for developing high-performance PUA/GNPs composites, leveraging GNP's unique properties to enhance both mechanical and electrical characteristics. The study contributes valuable insights into the synthesis and property enhancement of GNPs nanocomposites, paving the way for further advancements in the field of multifunctional materials.