Teamwork Research Articles

Body Chemistry and Leadership Behaviour

This study applied body chemistry and neuroscience to leadership behaviour. Specifically, it sought to replicate some studies on the relationship between leadership behaviour and happiness. The research method was exploratory because of the paucity of research on leadership behaviour and happiness and involved the use of qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative technique centred on a review and summarisation of existing literature on leadership behaviour, happiness hormones, and happiness on Google Scholars. The quantitative research used a valid and reliable online questionnaire survey on Google Forms to collect information from 80 respondents on different WhatsApp platforms in Canada, the United States of America and Nigeria, selected by judgemenal non probability sampling technique. They were asked if there was a relationship between leadership behaviour and happiness. Six descriptive data analysis methods- tabulation, bar graphs, mode, summations, percentages and average score per respondent - were applied to answer the research question from the coded questionnaire responses. It was found out that there was a relationship between leadership behaviour and happiness. The research also identified the main hormones and neurotransmitters, secreted by mostly the brain, that increase the wellbeing and happiness of leaders and other persons. They are dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin and endorphins (DOSE). It is recommended that leaders should initiate happiness generating activities like kindness, appreciation, team work, praising others, outdoor exercises, get- togethers and handshakes to enhance their leadership behaviours. The researcher also recommended that leadership recruitment, selection, training, evaluation and rewards should be centred on the capacity to generate and distribute happiness. Leaders should be ‘happifiers’ or happiness generators and distributors. Keywords: Body chemistry, leadership behaviour, happiness, dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, endorphins and happiness.

A positive deviant approach to examining the impact of Covid-19 on ethnic inequalities in maternal and neonatal outcomes

ObjectivesDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid and heterogeneous changes were made to maternity care. Identification of changes that may reduce maternal health inequalities is a national priority. The aim of this project was to use data collected about care and outcomes to identify NHS Trusts in the UK where inequalities in outcomes reduced during the pandemic and explore through interviews how the changes that occurred may have led to a reduction in inequalities. MethodsA Women’s Reference Group of public advisors guided the project. Analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care data of 128 organisations in England identified “positive deviant” organisations that reduced inequalities, using maternal and perinatal composite adverse outcome indicators. Positive deviant organisations were identified for investigation, alongside comparators. Senior clinicians, heads of midwifery and representatives of women giving birth were interviewed. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed. ResultsThe change in the inequality gap for the maternal indicator ranged from a reduction of −0.24 to an increase of 0.30 per 1000 births between the pre-pandemic and pandemic period. For the perinatal composite indicator, the change in inequality gap ranged from −0.47 to 0.67 per 1000 births. Nine Trusts were identified as positive deviants and 10 as comparators. We conducted 20 interviews from six positive deviant and four comparator organisations. Positive deviants reported that necessary shifts in roles led to productive and novel use of expert staff; comparators reported senior staff ‘stepping in’ where needed and no benefits of this. They reported proactivity and quick reactions, increased team working, and rapid implementation of new ideas. Comparators found constant changes overwhelming, and no increase in team working. No specific differences in care processes were identified. ConclusionsHarnessing proactivity, flexibility, staffing resource, and increased team working proves vital in reducing health inequalities.

Corporate culture аnd team interaction in the context of digitalization of the company

Issues of the relationship between corporate culture and team interaction among employees of an organization in the context of digitalization are considered. An analysis of the concept and function of corporate culture within the framework of team work is presented; focuses on the digital corporate culture of companies

Équipe mobile intersectorielle pour enfants confiés (EMI-ECO), un dispositif au plus près des enfants de l’aide sociale à l’enfance

EMI-ECO is a mobile team working with children under the age of 12 entrusted to the Children's Social Welfare Agency (Aide Sociale à l’Enfance). Its aim is to identify and assess developmental or mental disorders, organize care for these children and work in partnership with all the teams caring for these youngsters (Child Welfare Agency, Maternal and Child Protection, Centre médico-psychologique/Centre médico-psycho pédagogique). Intervention takes place across a geographical area corresponding to the intersectors of the two hospitals that created the team (AP–HM and CHS Valvert), i.e. the south and east of Marseille, La Ciotat, Aubagne and Cassis. This territory was defined to be coherent and to enable more effective interventions. In this work, we present the implementation and initial results of an innovative system, namely a mobile team working as close as possible to the living environment and ecosystem of children entrusted to the child welfare system. We will also illustrate our remarks with two clinical cases of children cared for by our unit. Caring for these children involves a real investment on the part of the professional and a major partnership effort. We hope that the presentation of our system will enable other teams to adopt it and adapt it to the particularities of their field of intervention.

A Dining Experience Case Study for Hospitality Management Teaching and Learning

Case study as a teaching method has proven to be a mind stimulating technique that allows students to test different scenarios and to critically analyze practical incidents widening their knowledge perspective. Instructors achieve many goals through the application of such method where they enhance students learning by linking theory to practice in a cooperative environment based on team work, opinion sharing, and discussion. The aim of the current study is to demonstrate, analyze, and interpret a real dining experience case in order to be used in teaching by hospitality management instructors. This case as simple as it seems is a possible outcome of any service encounter. Its implications are profound on the organization image and guest loyalty. An experience that deviates away from its optimum scenario or ends with an unrecovered faulty service can render damages beyond just losing customers, to compensations, and even to law suits. It is an opportunity for hospitality management students to learn how to evade service failures, create successful memorable guest experiences, and to apply critical thinking techniques.

Escape room jako metoda aktywizująca w nauczaniu języka niemieckiego na uczelni wyższej

The idea of using an escape room in foreign language teaching fits perfectly with the needs of today’s learners, where we create a natural learning environment using digital tools. In the winter semester 2022/2023, a project entitled ‘My linguistic Escape Room (ER)’ was carried out among 60 third-year undergraduate students of German Studies at the University of Warsaw Institute of German Studies as part of the subject ‘Contemporary trends in language learning’. This project comprised three phases and was preceded by theoretical and practical lectures on the specifics of ER, as well as a review of analogue and digital games. The initial part of the project consisted of the lecturer initiating the project, discussing topic proposals in a forum, dividing into teams and developing a preliminary project plan. The core part involved independent work in teams and the final part involved the presentation of ER scenarios to the forum and their evaluation. Each of these parts was carried out exclusively in German. The following article presents the results of the project. The tool used to collect the research material was a questionnaire. The aim of the study was to identify the opinions of 3rd year undergraduate German studies students on the use of escape rooms in higher education. The main part of the survey concerns the advantages and difficulties experienced during each of the three phases. In the final section of the survey, students declare a desire for further escape room games at university and also during their further academic career. This fact reinforces the belief that escape rooms are an interesting and engaging activation technique at university, which should become a permanent part of the teaching repertoire.

Management of left atrial myxoma in pregnant women: a case series

BackgroundLeft atrial myxoma during pregnancy is rare. We present three cases in order to aid in the management.Case PresentationThree cases of left atrial myxoma during pregnancy were presented in this article. Three patients all received multidisciplinary team work and acquired good outcomes. The case 1 had no symptoms and delivered before traditional cardiac surgery. The case 2 and case 3 undergone totally endoscopic minimally invasive cardiac surgery during pregnancy. The case 3 maintained pregnancy to term and gave birth to a healthy baby via vaginal delivery. No relapse of the tumor was observed.ConclusionsThe management of left atrial myxoma during pregnancy ought to be individualized and combined with the gestational age. If the diagnosis was made in the first two trimesters of pregnancy, totally endoscopic minimally invasive cardiac surgery during pregnancy would be an optimal choice. The patients can benefit from the multidisciplinary team work.

Characteristics of contemporary health research practice: A shift from ivory tower to collaborative power

Abstract The academic world is rapidly changing due to multiple influences, including COVID-19, technological advancement, tertiary competition, shifting government policies, and emerging research practices and priorities. Given this rapidly changing tertiary-education landscape, added importance is placed on the need for emerging research leaders to understand contemporary research practices which likely exceeds the skills displayed by their supervisors and mentors. Consequently, reflecting on 80+ years of collective post-PhD research experience, we identify and discuss six common characteristics of contemporary health research practice, with the aim of guiding and empowering higher degree by research students and emerging early career researchers as they develop their research identities and shape their approaches and values on the path to becoming research leaders in health. Indicative of today’s dynamic and exacting research environment, we propose that best practice contemporary health research should be: Diverse; Creative; Collaborative; Authentic; Respectful; and, Trusting. By understanding a diverse range of research approaches, and through working in collaborative and creative teams, diversity of thought, approach, and methods can become a cornerstone of practice. By blending this understanding with questions and research approaches that facilitate the pathway of translation uptake for the next-user, emerging research leaders can deliver authentic research with the requisite ingredients for impact.

The humanism of the other in sociolinguistic ethnography

Abstract This article describes the social and ethical responsibility researchers experience in undertaking ethnographic research under conditions of neoliberalism. It acknowledges the hierarchical nature of working in large ethnographic teams in which a mixture of employment contracts and statuses exist. Drawing on relational ethics (Levinas 2003. Humanism of the Other. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.), and its attention to the humanizing potential of difference, the paper describes researchers’ propensity for relationality in the face of competitive neoliberalism. It presents a case study of a large research team and investigates the use of research vignettes to represent and relate in difference. Subjectivity is theorized not in terms of identity but rather through alterity and opacity arguing this direction opens up social and political alliances (Butler 2005. Giving an Account of Oneself. New York: Fordham University Press.). Specifically, the paper suggests the research vignette is a genre well suited to documenting the way humans live in difference, illustrating how the researcher yields to the face of the Other in field work encounters. As a form the research vignette is said to bridge the aesthetic and the scientific, demanding of its reader an engagement with a variety of interpretations. Further, the vignette is considered for its methodological potential in creating a dialogic relational space for research teams within the neoliberal university.

Changes in intention to use an interprofessional approach to decision-making following training: a cluster before-and-after study.

Health professionals in home care work in interprofessional teams. Yet most training in decision support assumes a one-on-one relationship with patients. We assessed the impact of an in-person training session in interprofessional shared decision-making (IP-SDM) on home care professionals' intention to adopt this approach. We conducted a secondary analysis of a cluster stepped-wedge trial using a before-and-after study design. We collected data among home care professionals from November 2016 to February 2018 in 9 health and social services centers in Quebec, Canada. The intervention was an in-person IP-SDM training session. Intention to engage in IP-SDM pre- and post-session (dependent variable) was compared using a continuing professional development evaluation scale (CPD-Reaction) informed by the Godin's Integrated Behavioral Model for health professionals. We also assessed socio-demographic and psychosocial variables (beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, social influence and moral norm). We performed bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify factors influencing post-intervention intention. We used the STROBE reporting guidelines for observational studies to report our results. Of 134 respondents who provided complete pairs of questionnaires (pre- and post-), most were female (90.9%), mean age was 42 (± 9.3) years and 66.9% were social workers. Mean intention scores decreased from 5.84 (± 1.19) to 5.54 (± 1.35) (Mean difference = -0.30 ± 1.16; p = 0.02). Factors associated with higher intention post-intervention were social influence (ß = 0.34, p = 0.01) and belief about capabilities (ß = 0.49, p < 0.01). After in-person IP-SDM training, healthcare professionals' intention to engage in IP-SDM decreased. However, the scope of this decrease is probably not clinically significant. Due to their association with intention, beliefs about capabilities, which translate into having a sense of self-competency in the new clinical behavior, and social influences, which translate into what important others think one should be doing, could be targets for future research aiming to implement IP-SDM in home care settings.

Proses Shooting Pembuatan Film “Sabda Rindu” Sebagai Asisten Produser Pada Tim Produksi

Film is a part of communication that utilizes technology in several tools such as color and sound which are recommended to convey messages through moving images. In the production process, a short film must go through stages, namely pre-production, production and post-production for the film Sabda Rindu. The process results from those obtained at the pre-production stage, at the production stage the director conducts research to look for ideas for the film to be produced with the team to carry out planning both in determining production time, talent casting, contracts, permits, correspondence and logistics. At the production stage, namely the implementation of shooting, the director and the team work together, where working together here is how individuals can do their work optimally, functionally, well and professionally to realize what is planned in the script into an arrangement of words which then create a picture that tells a story. The post-production stage is recording or rearranging all shooting results based on shooting notes and images. And also the code numbers in the production in the form of digits, frames, seconds, minutes and hours that appear on the image and the results of each shoot are recorded. If anything needs to be added or edited again, revisions will be made as desired until the results are satisfactory.

The importance of professional skills within the changing media landscape of the UK screen industries: a case study of the ‘disruptive’ phenomenon of virtual production

ABSTRACT Rapid technological developments are changing media practices within the screen industries, with these shifts exacerbating already existent skills shortages and gaps. This paper focuses on the case study example of virtual production, a new media practice of making film and television content, to demonstrate the continuing importance of professional (or ‘transferable’) skills. Professional skills are skills required to act efficiently in different real life situations, with examples of these skills including communication and team working [Nägele, C., and B. E. Stalder. 2017. “Competence and the Need for Transferable Skills.” In Competence-based Vocational and Professional Education Bridging the Worlds of Work and Education, edited by M. Mulder, 739–753. Springer]. The paper highlights how changes in media practices caused by virtual production actively require workers to acquire and retain professional skills such as patience, adaptability and communication. These professional skills are crucial additions to the specific technical skills already identified within the existing skills literature on virtual production. The paper also identifies existing inclusion issues which relate to virtual production, using these insights to develop recommendations for media educators on how to ensure the cultivation of professional skills for all workers. The article draws on empirical research conducted with 69 individuals working across the screen industries at all levels of their career, with nearly half actively working in the virtual production industry.

Enablers or deterrent? Role of street level managers in use of creativity at the frontlines

AbstractUsing qualitative data from frontline police organizations in Punjab, Pakistan, this article investigates the role of street level management on creativity and improvisation in the frontline. Our findings show that the professional identities and attitudes of the street level managers play an important role in mediating creativity by the frontline workers, especially in the hierarchal organizational structure. If the managers adopted rule‐following attitude, frontline workers often faced hindrances in the use of creativity, leading to alienation. In contrast, if managers adopted a defiant attitude, frontline workers engaged in moderated creativity as they assumed the risk of rule breaking. This shows that creativity and innovation in organizations with no formal mandate to improvize is a messy and political process. Our study indicates the need to extend the research on policy innovation to hierarchal bureaucracies and organisational contexts where team work is not encouraged.

Development of pilot plants for engineering education

The rapid changes in social interactions and the easy access to information brought by technological advances require that professors rethink and rebuild teaching to maintain its quality. Active methodologies have been used to ensure the development of essential skills in professionals to deal with the current challenges and demands of the job market. This study presents the use of active project-based methodologies with undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. This study aims to report on the implementation of a pilot plant for the causticizing stage of the pulp and paper Kraft Process and the development of two prototypes of industrial sludge drying equipment using solar energy and to evaluate the impact of the activities on the professional training of the people involved and the development of skills and competencies expected of engineering professionals according to the National Curriculum Guidelines, such as the ability to work in teams. The students could apply their technical knowledge in real situations in an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary collaborative environment that encourages the resolution of complex engineering problems innovatively, with a holistic and humanistic vision that also considers social and sustainable aspects. They also demonstrated increased motivation and experienced the connection between industry and academia, which is essential to demonstrate the applicability of the techniques learned during the courses.

The Gaia-ESO Survey: The DR5 analysis of the medium-resolution GIRAFFE and high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars

The Gaia-ESO Survey is an European Southern Observatory (ESO) public spectroscopic survey that targeted 105 stars in the Milky Way covering the major populations of the disk, bulge and halo. The observations were made using FLAMES on the VLT obtaining both UVES high (R ~ 47 000) and GIRAFFE medium (R ~ 20 000) resolution spectra. The analysis of the Gaia-ESO spectra was the work of multiple analysis teams (nodes) within five working groups (WG). The homogenisation of the stellar parameters within WG11 (high resolution observations of FGK stars) and the homogenisation of the stellar parameters within WG10 (medium resolution observations of FGK stars) is described here. In both cases, the homogenisation was carried out using a Bayesian Inference method developed specifically for the Gaia-ESO Survey by WG11. The method was also used for the chemical abundance homogenisation within WG11, however, the WG10 chemical abundance data set was too sparsely populated so basic corrections for each node analysis were employed for the homogenisation instead. The WG10 homogenisation primarily used the cross-match of stars with WG11 as the reference set in both the stellar parameter and chemical abundance homogenisation. In this way the WG10 homogenised results have been placed directly onto the WG11 stellar parameter and chemical abundance scales. The reference set for the metal-poor end was sparse which limited the effectiveness of the homogenisation in that regime. For WG11, the total number of stars for which stellar parameters were derived was 6 231 with typical uncertainties for Teff, log g and [Fe/H] of 32 K, 0.05 and 0.05 respectively. One or more chemical abundances out of a possible 39 elements were derived for 6 188 of the stars. For WG10, the total number of stars for which stellar parameters were derived was 76 675 with typical uncertainties for Teff, log g and [Fe/H] of 64 K, 0.15 and 0.07 respectively. One or more chemical abundances out of a possible 30 elements were derived for 64177 of the stars.

Web-Based E-Tatib Information System Case Study at State Vocational High School 1 Jabon Sidoarjo Sistem Informasi E-Tatib Berbasis Web Studi Kasus di SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo

This research was conducted because the need for an increasingly stringent Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the industrial world. With the existence of SOPs in the world of education industry, of course, they have to match the needs according to existing standards. SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo formed a Team of Rules (Tatib) which implemented SOPs in accordance with Industrial World standards. Handling related to Tatib is still done manually using a book. Of course, with manual recording, efficiency in processing time and reporting is constrained if needed in a short time. The recording process begins with the admin entering the master data required by the information system, then the teacher enters the recording of student violations. The final process for the Counseling Guidance (BK) team can see the number of range points that have been stored and will then make reports outside the information system. That way the process makes the work of the BK team more accurate and faster

How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect wellbeing of staff working in child and family teams?

During the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, child and family health teams were required to adapt and prioritise services, which were increasing in demand. This investigation aimed to understand how the changes in service delivery and workload, as a consequence of the pandemic, impacted the wellbeing of staff in these teams. Using two datasets, a quantitative secondary analysis of anonymised routine patient data and a qualitative primary interpretive analysis of data, collected via focus groups and an interview with staff, were conducted. The quantitative data confirmed that universal contacts have increased dramatically since the pandemic and all tiers have increased in duration. Three themes were identified in the qualitative analysis as having the greatest impact on staff wellbeing: redeployment, increased workload and remote working. Staff need supportive opportunities to share their experiences to identify specific dimensions of stresses felt individually during times of pressure on services.

Gossypiboma: A Surgeon’s Nightmare: A Systematic Review and Case Report

Objective: To assess the trends in Gossypiboma over 1975-2023 and the impact on the career of a surgeon. Background: Gossypibomas are the most feared and undesired complication of surgery. Despite numerous guidelines, they still exist in our modern society. Here, we examine worldwide data along with a case report. Patient: A 46-year-old diabetic anaemic female with a 6-month earlier history of operative management for cancer of the cervix (stage IA2) presented with features suggesting acute intestinal obstruction. She was managed by emergency laparotomy and removal of the retained foreign body. Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed for gossypiboma and was limited to case reports from 1975-2023. Analysis using Excel and Python. Results: In a study of 289 total gossypiboma cases, analysis revealed that Asia had the highest incidence (53.53%, n=269), and the most common symptom was pain (36.5%, n=287). Additionally, age and time of discovery exhibited an upward trend, with thoracic cases taking the longest to discover. Conclusion: Surgeon accountability for unintentional mistakes, akin to random errors, sparks debate. Gossypibomas emphasize the need to follow rigorous safety standards and team work endorsed by WHO.

Formation of Subject Competencies of Future Philologists by Teaching Spelling through a Model System

The article considers the formation of subject competencies of future philologists by teaching Kazakh spelling in higher educational institutions through a model-based approach. It was believed that the combination of teaching spelling modeling norms at a university with the formation of communicative competencies of a future teacher of the Kazakh language opens the way to the development of professional competence In the course of the experiment, the principles of communicativeness, intelligibility and interest in knowledge, and conscientiousness were taken into account in the organization of work in this direction. It was noted that the ability to organize oral, written assignments and multimedia format projects in the form of paired, group and team work has a special place for future language teachers. First, the students felt the benefits of working together, got along with each other and perfectly understood the techniques of teamwork. They were aware of the system of skills they needed, the mechanisms for learning and teaching them. This created a prerequisite for the conscious assimilation of knowledge. It was taken into account that the correct application of the basic requirements for a future teacher plays an important role in the development of his professional competencies. It was suggested that if the requirements for modeling training are met and the relevant characteristics are identified, the opportunities for the development of professional-cognitive, professional-intellectual, professional-cultural competencies of the student will increase. In addition, when studying the spelling of the Kazakh language, the culture of speech, general communication, their mental abilities and behavior were taken into account. When modeling, it was taken into consideration that the development of a student's thinking is as important as the improvement of his speech skills. The attention was drawn to the fact that modeling training occupies a special role in the development of communicative and cognitive, subject competencies of future professionals.

MODELING THE PROCESSES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN TEAM MEMBERS DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPLEX SOFTWARE PRODUCTS

In the context of intensive development of information technology and increasing complexity of software products, the importance of effective interaction between members of work teams when implementing complex software solutions, such as enterprise automation systems based on the 1C platform, is increasing. This article is devoted to the study and modeling of interaction processes between members of project teams aimed at increasing the effectiveness of their joint activities during the implementation of projects for the implementation of corporate information systems. As part of the study, existing approaches and methods for organizing teamwork, as well as software systems that provide monitoring and management of collaboration of specialists, were analyzed. Particular attention is paid to considering the specifics of interaction when implementing 1C systems, characterized by a high degree of adaptability and variability depending on the characteristics of a particular enterprise. Research materials and methods include studying scientific literature on the issues of managing project teams, analyzing statistical data on the results of implementing corporate information systems in various sectors of the economy, as well as conducting interviews with managers and participants in 1C implementation projects at medium and large businesses. As part of this study, methods for modeling the work of a project team were studied. In the process of work, the analysis of her activities (business and interpersonal) was taken into account. In the course of the work, the conflict phase of team development was identified, and a model of effective motivation was created. For this purpose, game theory tools were used. As a result of the study, key factors were identified that influence the effectiveness of interaction between project team members, among which are a clear distribution of roles and responsibilities, well-established communications, and the use of modern collaboration and task management tools. Based on the data obtained, the authors proposed a conceptual model for organizing effective interaction between participants in 1C implementation projects, taking into account the specifics of this subject area and aimed at minimizing risks and improving the quality of the results of project activities.