Team Tactics Research Articles

An Experimental Plan for the Evaluation of a Decision Support System

This paper describes an experimental plan for the evaluation of display modules that comprise an experimental decision support system (DSS) for combat information center (CIC) decision makers. A description of the test bed simulation known as the decision-making evaluation facility for tactical teams (DEFTT) is given. A rationale for the development of the test tasks (scenarios) is also given. The initial effort and rationale for developing the display modules is described along with a brief description of the performance measurement system. Data have been collected for subjects’ performance in the DEFTT system without the DSS and the results of these baseline runs are given.

SIMNET: the advent of simulator networking

SIMNET was the first successful implementation of large-scale, real-time, man-in-the-loop simulator networking for team training and mission rehearsal in military operations. The paper provides some historical background on how SIMNET was developed within the US Department of Defense, and outlines the key philosophical and architectural principles on which it was based. The SIMNET battlefield simulation was sponsored by ARPA (then called DARPA), in partnership with the US Army, and was developed and implemented between 1983 and 1990. The emphasis of SIMNET from the outset was on enhancing tactical team performance by providing commanders and troops an opportunity to practice their skills in a dynamic, free-play environment, in which battle outcomes depend on team coordination and individual initiative, rather than on scripted scenarios controlled by an instructor. This program demonstrated the feasibility of linking together hundreds or thousands of simulators (representing tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, helicopters, fired-wing aircraft, etc.) to create a consistent, virtual world in which all participants experience a coherent, logical sequence of events. In this world, the causal connections among these tactical events, from the individual crew station to the battalion command post, are clear and easily inspectable. The SIMNET architecture and protocols have evolved into the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Standard Protocols (IEEE 1278-1993 and its successors), and have provided the foundation for a new generation of battlefield simulations for training, mission rehearsal, tactics development, evaluation of hypothetical new battlefield systems, and concept testing and evaluation. The authors are two of the principal architects of SIMNET: Thorpe was the original DARPA SIMNET program manager and Miller formed and led the group at Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) that designed and implemented the SIMNET protocols and software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Tactical Emergency Medical Services: An Emerging Subspecialty of Emergency Medicine

Law enforcement agencies are recognizing the need to have emergency medical care available at the scene of any incident involving tactical operations. The potentially volatile and dangerous atmosphere surrounding tactical operations is conducive to severe injury to officers, hostages, suspects, and bystanders. This mandates the immediate availability of basic and advanced life support services. However, a purely traditional approach to emergency medical services in the tactical environment may not be feasible and may expose prehospital personnel to greater danger. It also may disrupt the law enforcement mission. These factors mandate a different set of field assessment and treatment priorities. To meet these needs, selected prehospital personnel and emergency physicians train to work with and support special weapons and tactics teams. [Heiskell LE, Carmona RH: Tactical emergency medical services: An emerging subspecialty of emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med April 1994;23:778-785.]

Team tactics: a study of nurse collaboration in general practice

THIS paper examines the extent and type of collab orative work amongst community and practice nurses based in general practice in relation to health promotion. The data were drawn from a quantitative and qualitative study carried out from Autumn 1991 to Spring 1992, which investigated the prevention of coronary heart disease in general practice and the role of community nurses. This study formed part of a national survey of health promotion in general prac tice in relation to coronary heart disease, com missioned by the HEA and undertaken in collaboration with Kent University Centre of Health Services Studies. The study shows that there is mutual support and communication between prac tice nurses, health visitors and district nurses. How ever there is a strict division of labour within general practice which does not necessarily maximise the expertise and skills of the nurses concerned, and further training needs are identified. The new ar rangements for health promotion in the GP contract place emphasis on practice-based team work, to which the role of community nurses is central, but important management and training issues will need to be addressed for such team work to be successful.

The use of mental health professional consultants to police hostage negotiation teams.

Three hundred law enforcement agencies in the United States that employ a negotiator in hostage incidents responded to a survey regarding the use of mental health professionals as consultants to the negotiation team. Thirty-nine percent of the agencies with a negotiator use a mental health professional consultant to the negotiation team. Police agencies that use a mental health professional as a consultant on negotiation techniques reported more hostage incidents ending by negotiated surrender and fewer hostage incidents ending by tactical team assault and arrest of the perpetrator. Also, police agencies that use a mental health professional as a consultant on the assessment of the perpetrator reported fewer hostage incidents resulting in the serious injury or death of a hostage. Although these results are only correlational, they raise the possibility that the use of mental health professionals as consultants to police hostage negotiation teams may decrease the risk of hostage injury and death.

Theoretical considerations of tactics in team sports

Iniciando com uma sucinta apresentação dos componentes do rendimento esportivo, o artigo objetiva a descrição e análise dos aspectos teóricos da tática nos esportes coletivos. Apresenta-se uma classificação dos esportes baseada nos parâmetros de: a) sistematização das ações; b) tipo de participação; c) características do esporte em relação à presença ou não de contato pessoal. Isto conduz a uma hierarquização do componente tático em cada uma das modalidades esportivas, caracterizando as altas exigências em relação a esta capacidade nos jogos esportivos coletivos. A descrição da estrutura de desenvolvimento dos jogos esportivos coletivos precede a uma análise das características dos mesmos. A descrição, assim como a análise facilitam o entendimento do significado das diferentes definições do termo tática e a divisão metodológica em relação a característica e função. A seguir são apresentadas definições de tática individual, grupai e coletiva. Aborda-se os conteúdos teóricos abrangidos pelas capacidades táticas gerais, sua direta influência sob os princípios táticos e a forma na qual estes refletem na prática, na ação e comportamento do atleta no treinamento e competição

Integration of Emergency Medical Services and Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Teams: The Emergence of the Tactically Trained Medic

The emphasis of training for paramedics that function in the civilian sector in the United States has focused on the management of blunt trauma. The personal risks they face generally are the result of accidents or public health threats. The management of penetrating trauma under the threat of intentional personal harm is a different matter.Law enforcement agencies have responded to the threat of apprehending heavily armed felons by forming special units highly trained in military-style, small-unit tactics. To provide care in this special environment, and support a special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team in fulfilling its mission, there is a requirment for a unique body of knowledge and special skills. (Prehospital care providers with at least emergency medical technician [EMT] skills and SWAT training will be referred to as tactical medics.).

Optimal team tactics

a 3000-km impact range. The IIP trace obtained for one of the SLV3 flights using both LKF and QDF is given in Fig. 2, which clearly shows the better performance of the LKF. Additionally, an assessment of radar noise could be made by determining the deviation of the real measurements against the estimated measurements. Further, the editing of wild measurements by comparing the residuals with their variances helped to identify radar malfunction in real time. In fact, the LKF outperforms for real flight data with good model compensation and noise suppression.

Some aspects of two-on-one [formula omitted

Pursuit evasion problems featuring two pursuers and one evader are examined in the context of simple vehicle models. A type of coalition tactic which exploits the difference between open-loop and closed-loop conjugate-points is introduced and illustrated. The approach would permit identification of some two-on-one team tactics opportunities from families of one-on-one differential game solutions.

The use of multi-man system trainers.

Current training practices in the use of U.S. Naval weapon system trainers (WST) do not reflect some fundamental principles of learning. In the use of such devices for refresher training, fleet personnel seek only to 'practice' behaviours as they would when training at sea under operational conditions. Thus, training is, for the most part, unplanned, unstructured, and the benefits of using the device are less than optimum. A utilization guide for an ASW (anti-submarine warfare) trainer is described, setting forth four principles for effective, tactical team training. (i) Training objectives should be specified across the fuill range of device capability; (ii) each exercise should be structured and controlled with respect to the-objectives; (iii) progression through the training programme should be according to levels of difficulty; (iv) exercise sequencing should be based on measured trainee performance.

The Baseball Players' Labor Market

The Baseball Players' Labor Market

Team Tactics in Soccer

Team Tactics in Soccer