Team Sport Activities Research Articles

EFFECTS OF A SINGLE HEART RATE-CLAMPED CYCLING SESSION UNDER SYSTEMIC HYPOXIA ON RECOVERY OF PHYSICAL AND PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES FROM EXERCISE-INDUCED FATIGUE

AIMS We investigated whether a single heart-rate clamped cycling session under systemic hypoxia affects the recovery of physical and psycho-physiological responses from residual fatigue compared to normoxia. METHODS On separate occasions, twelve trained males had countermovement jump height, leg stiffness, and perceptual fatigue assessed daily during a 3-d acute training camp scenario. On days 1 and 3, participants cycled for 60 min at a constant heart rate (80% of ventilatory threshold). On day 2, fatigue was induced through a simulated team game circuit (STGC), followed by a 60-min heart rate clamped cycling bout in either normoxia, hypoxia (simulated altitude ∼3500 m), or no cycling. RESULTS Compared to baseline, jump height decreased at all timepoints following the STGC (all p < 0.05). Leg stiffness and cycling power output only decreased immediately following the STGC, with a 48% further decrease in cycling power output in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). The well-being questionnaire showed that perceived fatigue, decreased sleep quality, and increased muscle soreness responses occurred on day 3 (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION In a pre-fatigued state, a single heart rate-clamped cycling session in hypoxia reduced mechanical output without affecting recovery of physical performance and perceptual measures from residual fatigue induced through team sport activity.

Team Sports and Executive Functions: A Comparative Observational Pilot Study

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the executive functional ability among participants regularly practicing and participating in four different sports, including Cricket, Volleyball, Kho-Kho, and Kabaddi, and the active control group.METHODS: This pilot study included 125 university youths aged 19-25 years. Twenty-five participants were selected for each of the four different sports disciplines, including Cricket, Volleyball, Kho-Kho, and Kabaddi, to meet the purpose of the study. Twenty-five active, healthy male participants served as the control group. Moreover, participants in the control group did not regularly engage in organized sports; however, they were all recreationally active and healthy. The Executive Functions (EFs) of all sampled participants were assessed using the Tower of London (TOL) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). Mean, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) post-hoc tests were used for data analysis and interpretation.RESULTS: One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences among groups in both tests; thus, the post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test was conducted, which gave pairwise comparisons between and within groups. Pairwise comparison of the TOL test indicated significantly higher EFs in Kabaddi players than those in the Volleyball (<i>p</i><.01), Kho-kho (<i>p</i><.05), and the control (<i>p</i><.001) groups; however, there was no significant difference between the Kabaddi and Cricket groups. The Cricket group demonstrated higher EFs than the control group (<i>p</i><.05). The pairwise comparison results of the SCWT test indicated significantly higher EFs in Volleyball (<i>p</i><.001) and Khokho (<i>p</i><.05) players than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that people involved in regular physical and team sports activities have higher EFs than nontrainer active control individuals.

Recovery following exercise-induced fatigue: Influence of a single heart rate clamped cycling session under systemic hypoxia

ABSTRACT We investigated whether a single heart rate clamped cycling session under systemic hypoxia affects the recovery of physical and psycho-physiological responses from residual fatigue compared to normoxia. On separate occasions, twelve trained males performed a 3-d acute training camp scenario. On days 1 and 3, participants cycled for 60 min at a constant heart rate (80% of ventilatory threshold). On day 2, fatigue was induced through a simulated team game circuit (STGC), followed by a 60-min intervention of either: (1) heart rate clamped cycling in normoxia; (2) heart rate clamped cycling in hypoxia (simulated altitude ~ 3500 m); or (3) no cycling. Countermovement jump height and leg stiffness were assessed before and after every session. Perceptual fatigue was evaluated daily. Compared to baseline, jump height decreased at all timepoints following the STGC (all p < 0.05). Leg stiffness and cycling power output only decreased immediately following the STGC, with a 48% further decrease in cycling power output in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). Perceived fatigue, decreased sleep quality, and increased muscle soreness responses occurred on day 3 (p < 0.05). A single heart rate-clamped cycling session in hypoxia reduced mechanical output without affecting recovery of physical performance and perceptual measures from residual fatigue induced through team sport activity.

Can habits and behaviors predict colonization by community-associated MRSA in patients admitted to a Brazilian hospital?

This study aimed to identify factors associated with colonization by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in adult patients admitted to a Brazilian hospital. This is a cross-sectional study, in which patients underwent a nasal swab and were asked about hygiene behavior, habits, and clinical history. Among the 702 patients, 180 (25.6%) had S. aureus and 21 (2.9%) MRSA. The factors associated with MRSA colonization were attending a gym (OR 4.71; 95% CI; 1.42 - 15.06), smoking habit in the last year (OR 2.37; 95% CI; 0.88 - 6.38), previous hospitalization (OR 2.18; CI 95%; 0.89 - 5.25), and shared personal hygiene items (OR 1.99; 95% CI; 0.71 - 5.55). At the time of admission, colonization by CA-MRSA isolates was higher than that found in the general population. This can be an important public health problem, already endemic in hospitals, whose factors such as those associated with habits (smoking cigarettes) and behaviors (team sports practice and activities in gyms) have been strongly highlighted. These findings may help developing infection control policies, allowing targeting patients on higher-risk populations for MRSA colonization.

IGF-1, C-Reactive Protein, and Skin Temperature Responses to a Non-Contact Team Sport Activity Circuit in Under-20 Elite Soccer Players

IGF-1, C-Reactive Protein, and Skin Temperature Responses to a Non-Contact Team Sport Activity Circuit in Under-20 Elite Soccer Players

Intensity Gradients: A Novel Method for Interpreting External Loads in Football.

Global navigation satellite system device-derived metrics are commonly represented by discrete zones with intensity often measured by standardizing volume to per-minute of activity duration. This approach is sensitive to imprecision in duration measurement and can lead to highly variable outcomes-transforming data from zones to a gradient may overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate this approach for measuring team-sport activity demands. Data were collected from 129 first-team and 73 academy matches from a Scottish Premiership football club. Gradients were calculated for velocity, acceleration, and deceleration zones, along with per-minute values for several commonly used metrics. Means and 95% CIs were calculated for playing level, as well as first-team positional groups. Within-subject coefficients of variation were also calculated for match level, position, and individual groups. The gradient approach showed consistency with per-minute metrics when measuring playing level and position groups. With coefficients of variation of 10.8% to 26.9%, the gradients demonstrated lower variability than most per-minute variables, which ranged from 10.7% to 84.5%. Gradients are a potentially useful way of describing intensity in team sports and compare favorably to existing intensity variables in their ability to distinguish between match types and position groups, providing evidence that gradient variables can be used to monitor match and training intensity in team sports.

The Effect of Sports Activities on The Self-Esteem of Socially Excluded Men

Background. Self-esteem is one characteristic of personality, a construct of self-confidence, self-respect, and harmonious interaction with oneself (Breslin, Leavey, 2019). Research devoted to the analysis of men's self-esteem reveals that a positive self-evaluation of men requires an image of a physically active man, which the man could compare with other men who demonstrate physical strength (Conzelmann, Schmidt, 2019). A man's physical self-perception is part of the assessment of a physically healthy and strong person and an aspect that ensures his sociality (Crawford, 2017). Scientific research establishes clear links between a man's physical attractiveness (Anderson-Butcher, 2019), sociability and self-esteem (Anderson, White, 2017). Men who systematically engage in active physical activity are physically healthier and more attractive (Burrmann, 2018). They are also emotionally more stable, their emotional self-control is more focused and their self-confidence is higher (El Ghali, 2018).&#x0D; Aim of the research. To reveal the effect of sports activities on the self-esteem of men experiencing social exclusion.&#x0D; Methods. To determine men's self-esteem changes The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was chosen, and the Data were processed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), version 22.0.&#x0D; Results. A study in which men experiencing social exclusion participated in independent and team sports activities for half a year revealed a positive change in their self-esteem. When analyzing the changes in men's self-esteem before and after the activities, the distance between the estimates of the Rosenberg test before the experiment and 6 months after it ended is 1 standard deviation on the z-scale of the standard normal distribution. According to Cohen's concept of effective size, such a difference between standardized means can be considered as large. Despite the relatively small sample (N=30), the test met the very strict condition of statistical reliability (p≤0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion. The study revealed that when socially excluded men were included in sports activities held for half a year, their self-esteem changed from 15 points (low self-esteem) to 25-30 points (high self-esteem).&#x0D; Keywords: social exclusion, self-esteem, sports activities&#x0D;

Working 40 years as medical doctors.

The health status of health professionals, including medical doctors is an important topic, although it is an under-researched area in Hungary and in the East-Central European countries as well. Our quasi-cohort research was focused on the health status, morbidities, anthropometric parameters, lifestyle and professional career of Hungarian medical doctors who graduated in 1979, following them 25y, 30y and 40y after graduation, seeking differences between professional groups and genders. In 2019, the mean age of participants was 64.9y, the average number of children was 2.08, higher among surgical professionals (2.43). Men reported higher number of own children. The number of night shifts decreased during the past decades. Most of them is already retired, 70% is working besides receiving a pension. 27% changed their medical specialty, 36% intended to work in another field of medicine, when graduated. About 10% of them achieved scientific (PhD) degree, most of them were satisfied with own professional carrier. The body weight and BMI significantly increased during decades, without statistical difference between genders and professional groups. Diabetes was self reported in 7%, hypertension in 44%. Men neglected more frequently their regular health check-up. Compared to their patients at the same age, 71% rated their own health status better. Among those, who reported regular physical activities, the ratio of men was higher; the average time spent on sport was the same as in the past decades, although the ratio of persons who had regular physical activity decreased, fewer participated in team sport activities. Their sleeping habit is quiet, the time is 6.3 h between workdays and 7.7 h on weekends. Burn-out was not reported. The ratio of smokers decreased; the self-reported daily intake of alcoholic beverages was 1.3, the weekly 3.7 units. Differences described earlier between professional groups disappeared. The problems of the recent Hungarian health care system were similarly rated, although the income of Hungarian physicians has increased to a great extent in the past years. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(29): 1127-1133.

Concurrent validity and between-unit reliability of a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit to measure velocity during team sport activity

ABSTRACT The concurrent validity and between-unit reliability of a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit (F-IMU) was investigated during linear and change of direction running drills. Sixteen individuals performed four repetitions of two drills (maximal acceleration and flying 10 m sprint) and five repetitions of a multi-directional movement protocol. Participants wore two F-IMUs (Playermaker) and 10 retro-reflective markers to allow for comparisons to the criterion system (Qualisys). Validity of the F-IMU derived velocity was assessed via root-mean-square error (RMSE), 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Between-unit reliability was assessed via intraclass correlation (ICC) with 90% CI and 95% LoA. The mean difference for instantaneous velocity for all participants and drills combined was −0.048 ± 0.581 m ∙ s−1, the LoA were from −1.09 to −1.186 m ∙ s−1 and RMSE was 0.583 m ∙ s−1. The ICC ranged from 0.84 to 1, with LoA from −7.412 to 2.924 m ∙ s−1. Differences were dependent on the reference speed, with the greatest absolute difference (−0.66 m ∙ s−1) found at velocities above 7 m ∙ s−1. Between-unit reliability of the F-IMU ranges from good to excellent for all locomotor characteristics. Playermaker has good agreement with 3D motion capture for velocity and good to excellent between-unit reliability.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE VOCATIONAL QUALITIES OF ADOLESCENTS IN OUT-OF-SCHOOL SPORTS INSTITUTIONS

The article substantiates the pedagogical conditions for the formation of strong-willed qualities of teenagers in out-of-school sports institutions. Emphasis is placed on the potential of sports-oriented institutions and sports activities to ensure the physical development of students and listeners, the acquisition of social and community experience, the formation and identification of strong-willed qualities (determination, initiative, perseverance, purposefulness, endurance), in particular, in adolescence. The purpose of the article is to justify and characterize the pedagogical conditions for the formation of willpower of teenagers in extracurricular sports institutions. The research singles out and characterizes the pedagogical conditions for the formation of strong-willed qualities of teenagers in extracurricular sports institutions: the expansion of teenagers' ideas about sports activities as a way of developing the strong-willed qualities of an individual; implementation of differentiated training of teenagers and the use of effective methods and means of its provision based on a personally oriented approach; ensuring positive motivation of teenagers for team sports activities and real self-assessment of their own capabilities. Pedagogical conditions for the formation of strong-willed personality qualities of teenagers are defined taking into account the influence of: a children's sports team, in which teenagers perform sports activities; surrounding subjects who interact with teenagers (coach, teenage peers); leading strong-willed personality qualities of teenagers. Research materials can be used in the organization of activities of extracurricular sports institutions, institutions of general secondary education for the purpose of forming willpower of students. Further research is needed to determine the dynamics of the levels of formation of willpower of adolescents, which is provided through the implementation of an experimental model and pedagogical conditions for the formation of willpower of adolescents in extracurricular sports institutions.&#x0D; Keywords: conditions; pedagogical conditions; volitional qualities; adolescence; sports activity; extracurricular sports institutions; pedagogical conditions for the formation of volitional qualities of teenagers; the process of formation of volitional qualities.

A lab-based comparison of differential ratings of perceived exertion between a run and jump protocol involving low or high impacts on the lower extremities

ABSTRACT The rating of perceived exertion method (RPE) allows to describe training intensity in a single value. To better understand the underlying components, the separate rating of perceived breathlessness (RPE-B) and leg-muscle exertion (RPE-L) has been proposed. Here we hypothesised that the separation between the two components may (partly) be determined by the impacts on the lower extremities. In this study, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the differential effect of high versus low impact running and jumping on RPE-B and RPE-L in team sport activities by manipulating the movement strategy (heel strike and passive landing pattern versus forefoot strike and active landing pattern). Eighteen recreational team sport players participated in two submaximal tests consisting of a sequence of running and jumping bouts, whilst ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected. RPE-B and RPE-L data were collected after each bout using the CR100 scale. Paired-samples t-tests were used to analyse between-session differences in these variables. GRF analysis showed that absorption mechanics differed considerably between the two sessions. RPE-L was on average 6.50 AU higher in the low impact session (p = 0.006). However, RPE-B was also increased by 4.96 AU with low impact (p = 0.009). We conclude that the extent to which the lower extremities are being exposed to high or low impacts does not explain a possible separation between the two RPE types. Highlights The separate rating of the different underlying components of RPE (e.g. variables related to the cardiorespiratory and the muscular system) may provide more insight in the relationship between training load and training outcomes, which likely differs between these components. The findings of this study do not support the idea that the separation in rating between perceived breathlessness (RPE-B, cardiorespiratory) and leg-muscle exertion (RPE-L, muscular) is also rooted in the extent to which musculoskeletal structures in the lower extremities are being exposed to high or low impacts.

Study about Football Action Recognition Method Based on Deep Learning and Improved Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm

Artificial intelligence recognition of human actions has been used in various fields. This article is based on deep learning and improved dynamic time regularization algorithms to study football action postures. This paper proposes a hierarchical recurrent network for understanding team sports activities in image and position sequences. In the hierarchical model, this article integrates the proposed multiple human-centered features on the time series based on LSTM output. In order to realize this scheme, the holding state is introduced as one of the external controllable states in LSTM, and the hierarchical LSTM is extended to include the integration mechanism. Test outcomes demonstrate those adequacies of the recommended framework, which includes progressive LSTM human-centred benefits. In this study, the improvement of the reference model in the two-stream LSTM-based method is shown. Specifically, by combining human-centered features and meta-information (e.g., location data) into the postfusion framework proposed in the article, the article also proves that the action categories have increased, and the observations enhanced the robustness of fluctuations in the number of football players. The experimental data shows that 67.89% of the postures of football players through this algorithm can be recognized by the improved dynamic time warping algorithm.

The Influences of Sports Activities on Developing Purpose of College Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of college sports activities on developing purpose of college students. The main objectives of this study is to identify the influences of college sports activities on developing purpose of college students and to compare the influences of individual and team sports activities on developing purpose of college student. The population of the study consisted of all students N= 749 participating in sports activities at college level in Bannu Division, while sample of the study consisted of students n= 150 at college level in Bannu Division. Influences of sports activities on developing purpose of college students were measured by self-developed questionnaires. SPSS-26 was used for data analysis. Multiple regressions was used to measure the influences of sports activities on developing purpose of college student, t-tests were used to identify significant differences between the influences of individual and team games on developing purpose of college student. This study showed that students develop their purpose of life in college and sports activities provide a dynamic environment in this regard. Statistically significant evidence is found from the data that students developed an academics purpose along with life purpose during college sports activities more significantly.

No Evidence of Systematic Change of Physical Activity Patterns Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Related Mood States Among Iranian Adults Attending Team Sports Activities.

Objective: To cope with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic health authorities released social restrictions. Such social restrictions impacted on the people's possibilities to move deliberately in a public space and to gather with other people. In the present study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions (“confinement”) on physical activity (PA) patterns before and during the confinement among team sports participants. Such PA patterns were further related to current mood states, and possible sex differences were also explored.Methods: A total of 476 adults exercising team sport (football, futsal, volleyball, handball, and basketball; mean age: 24.66 years; 48.1% females) completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, former and current PA patterns, and current mood states.Results: Compared with the period before the confinement, PA intensity decreased, but PA frequency increased during the confinement. Past, current, and changes in physical activity patterns were unrelated to participants' mood states. Sex differences in mood were spurious. Sex differences in physical activity patterns were modest, with male participants reporting a higher physical activity intensity during the confinement.Conclusions: The present pattern of results suggests that the COVID-19-related confinement did not impact in a uniform fashion on PA patterns of adults attending team sports. Furthermore, mood states were unrelated to current physical activity patterns. Given the complex psychosocial situation of COVID-19-related confinement, it appeared very unlikely that sole physical activity patterns could counterbalance possible impaired states of mood and behavior.

What Actually Differs between Traditional Teaching and Sport Education in Students’ Learning Outcomes? A Critical Systematic Review

This systematic review aimed to examine the main findings concerning to the investigations focused on compare, within Physical Education context, the influence of Sport Education (SE) and Traditional Teaching (TT) on students' learning outcomes. A literature search was conducted on nine electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Academic Search Ultimate, ERIC, Education Source, APA PsycINFO and APA PsycARTICLES). Inclusion criteria were defined before the selection process. Accordingly, were only included articles that (i) were published in peer-reviewed international journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports or Scientific Journal Rankings; (ii) were available in full-text; (iii) were published in English, Portuguese or Spanish; (iv) were performed within Physical Education context; and (v) provided specifically a comparison between the effects of SE and TT on students' learning outcomes. Globally, twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The manuscripts' methodological quality was assessed through Downs and Black checklist, with all studies displaying moderate quality. Results showed that comparisons among SE and TT tend to analyze team sports activities sampling high-school students via quasi-experimental designs, with more than half of them were published over the past five years. Also, these investigations typically focused on the differences between both models on the development of personal and social skills, as well as its impact on the motor and cognitive domains. In this respect, although the results tend to point out increases in both SE and TT, superior values are achieved when SE is implemented. The analysis of the teaching-learning process using alternative research methods and designs (i.e., experimental studies, qualitative data, longitudinal analysis, action-research and case studies), longer units with appropriate planning, and the report of model's fidelity so that robust findings can endorse the teachers' praxis, must be a concern in future studies.

Nursing students and sport: health promotion, team building and professional skills education.

Nursing profession requires a complex set of capacities, such as team building, reaching a common goal, understanding of different roles, good communication, and positive conflict resolution. Teaching this kind of competencies during the university course is challenging. Team sports require quite similar abilities to those of a nursing tam. Introducing team sport into academic course could contribute to teach and to train these key competencies to nursing students. To improve important personal skills for nursing profession through team sport. Students were invited to participate in team sport activities. To promote autonomy and initiative students were asked to create two teams (soccer and volleyball), to organize groups, to assign roles, and to choose the uniform. The two teams participated to a city university sports championship. Nursing school supported students in all the activities. At the end of the sport season, an anonymous questionnaire was administered to students. 24/107 nursing students (22.4%) participated, 13/24 males (54%) and 11/24 females (46%), (mean age 22.42 years, SD 2.28). 15/24 students (62.5%) attended all the training sessions. Students satisfaction was generally very positive in terms of physical wellness (87.5%), team building (95.8%), sharing and working for common goals (100%), and positive conflict resolution (100%), both when witnessed and experienced. All students would repeat and recommend the experience. Results were generally positive, but further research is necessary to evaluate potential positive effects in terms of nursing activities. Nursing course is very challenging, and promoting team-sport activities among students could have positive impact on professional skills education.

체육수업 팀 정체성 척도 개발 및 타당화

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a measure of team identity in physical education class.<BR> Method: To develop a measure of team identity in physical education class, the research was conducted by dividing it into the scale development stage and the validity stage. In the scale development stage the results to review domestic and international group identity measurements showed that Cameron (2004)’s Three-Factor Model of Social Identity is best suited for physical education classes. Therefore, The scale of Cameron (2004) was modified to suit the team activities of the physical education class. In addition, 14 additional questions considering the characteristics of physical education classes were developed, and a preliminary measure of three factors of 30 questions was developed. The final preliminary measures were conducted by receiving responses from 1,269 middle and high school students to analyze the validity of the scale.<BR> Results: The validity of the developed scale was studied by dividing it into internal structure analysis and external relationship analysis. As a result of conducting an exploratory factor analysis on the preliminary measures, 16 questions of the three factors were confirmed. A confirmatory factor analysis resulted in satisfactory. RMSEA, TLI and AVE of team sports activities were significantly higher than those of individual sports and other activities after school. The higher the team entitativity was, the higher the score of team tie, team affection, & team centrality was. The results showed that team tie and team centrality significantly predicted team entitativity. These results indicated that Team Identity Scale for the Physical Education Class (TISPEC) developed in this study was valid. The selection and interpretation of the lower factors in scale development, the utilization of methods, and expected effects for future research as an educational meaning were discussed.<BR> Conclusion: Team identity scale for physical education class developed in this study is the validity.

Introducing and Teaching Netball for Secondary Physical Education Students

There are many team sport activities that students participate in their K-12 physical education (PE) classes, such as basketball, volleyball, flag football and softball. Throughout the world there are other team sports that are enjoyable and beneficial for those who participate in them, such as netball. Netball has a greater popularity in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and other countries. In the United States, netball is not widely played and even not much is known about the game. The purpose of this article is to introduce grades 6-12 physical educators in the United States to the game of netball. The article will discuss basic rules of netball, drill/activities students can participate in to get them ready for game play and the benefits of netball.

Fusing motion patterns and key visual information for semantic event recognition in basketball videos

Many semantic events in team sport activities e.g. basketball often involve both group activities and the outcome (score or not). Motion patterns can be an effective means to identify different activities. Global and local motions have their respective emphasis on different activities, which are difficult to capture from the optical flow due to the mixture of global and local motions. Hence it calls for a more effective way to separate the global and local motions. When it comes to the specific case for basketball game analysis, the successful score for each round can be reliably detected by the appearance variation around the basket. Based on the observations, we propose a scheme to fuse global and local motion patterns (MPs) and key visual information (KVI) for semantic event recognition in basketball videos. Firstly, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the global motions from the mixed motions based on the intrinsic property of camera adjustments. And the local motions could be obtained from the mixed and global motions. Secondly, a two-stream 3D CNN framework is utilized for group activity recognition over the separated global and local motion patterns. Thirdly, the basket is detected and its appearance features are extracted through a CNN structure. The features are utilized to predict the success or failure. Finally, the group activity recognition and success/failure prediction results are integrated using the kronecker product for event recognition. Experiments on NCAA dataset demonstrate that the proposed method obtains state-of-the-art performance.

The Use of Upper-Body Intermittent Sequential Pneumatic Compression Arm Sleeves on Recovery From Exercise in Wheelchair Athletes.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of an upper-body intermittent sequential pneumatic compression device on recovery after wheelchair team sport activity. Eleven well-trained wheelchair basketball and rugby athletes (male, 8; female, 3; mean ± SD age = 33 ± 10 yrs) performed a series of performance measures pre-exercise, postexercise, and postrecovery (grip strength, pressure-to-pain threshold, medicine ball throw, wheelchair sprints, repeated sprints). Subjective muscle soreness and fatigue measurements were taken at the same time points as performance tests, with an additional 24-hr postrecovery measure. Participants completed two recovery trials, separated by 1 wk, of either passive recovery (control) or 20 mins of wearing recovery arm sleeves (intermittent sequential pneumatic compression) applied to both arms. No statistically significant differences were found between trials for any of the performance or perceptual measures (P > 0.05). However, effect size analysis revealed a moderate decrease (d = -0.67) from postexercise to postrecovery for muscle fatigue in favor of intermittent sequential pneumatic compression. A large decrease (d = -0.96) in muscle soreness was also found after exercise to 24 hrs after recovery in favor of intermittent sequential pneumatic compression over control. Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression may provide some benefit for perceptual recovery measures immediately after and 24 hrs after a high-intensity wheelchair activity with negligible effects on performance recovery.