Team Games Research Articles

Effects of the Anthropometrical Variables on Swimming Performance

Anthropometrical word generated from ancient Greek word. Anthropos represent human and matron represent measurement. Anthropology mainly purposes for the identification of human body measurement. Anthropology is systematic process which involves the primary dimensional properties of human body like body weight, Arm length, Foot length etc. Its include shape and size of the human body. In today era Anthropometrical play’s major role in measurement of human body such as shape and size. Anthropometry helps in different field like clothing design industrial design. Anthropometry history contains different types of thought like such as scientific biological criminology, paleoanthropology, biological anthropology and it create correlation between mental typology personality and other factors. In different time period of history, applications of anthropometry have ranged scientific description and epidemiological analysis to rationales for eugenics for social movements Swimming is team game and also an individual game which use the one entire body to move in the water. swimming is kind of expensive game it required large amount of infrastructure. Its only perform in open water like sea or lake and standard swimming pool. In swimming is more popular in Olympics .in swimming different type of stroke are there like freestyle stroke, breast stroke, butterfly stroke, back stroke etc. swimmers players have to perform different kind of stroke in different event and also only in individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay.

Vocabulary Mastery Through KAKI SI KOKA Media for Elementary School Students

This study aimed to describe the improvement of students' vocabulary mastery by using a team game tournament model assisted by KAKI SI KOKA media in Indonesian subjects. The research method used is classroom action research (PTK), which has two cycles. Each Cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted in SD 4 Karangrowo grade IV with 33 students. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, tests, and documentation. The data analysis used is quantitative and qualitative. The results of the study using the TGT model assisted by the media KAKI SI KOKA can increase Vocabulary in Indonesian subjects in grade IV SD 4 Karangrowo, as evidenced by the completion of 20 students with a percentage of 60.6% in the first Cycle, which has increased but has not been maximized, so it is necessary to be disciplined II, after the implementation of cycle II, the results of student vocabulary mastery increased with 27 students experiencing completeness with a percentage of 81.81%. Based on classroom action research, using KAKI SI KOKA media can increase students' vocabulary mastery at SD 4 Karangrowo. Applying KAKI SI KOKA learning media makes students more active and creative in Learning.

Monte-Carlo Regret Minimization for Adversarial Team Games

We study equilibrium approximation in extensive-form adversarial team games, in which two teams of rational players compete in a zero-sum interaction. The suitable solution concept in these settings is the Team-Maxmin Equilibrium with Correlation (TMECor), which naturally arises when the team players play ex-ante correlated strategies. While computing such an equilibrium is APX-hard, recent techniques show that scalability beyond toy instances is possible. However, even compact representations of the team’s strategy space, such as that exploiting Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), have exponential size prohibiting solving large instances. In the present paper, we show that Monte Carlo sampling for regret minimization in adversarial team games can provide an important advancement. In particular, we design a DAG Monte Carlo Counterfactual Regret Minimization algorithm that performs outcome sampling with O ( d ) time complexity per iteration, where d is the depth of the DAG, and with a convergence rate bound of O ( b kd ) , where b is the branching factor and k is the maximum number of private states in each public state of the team. We empirically evaluate our algorithms with a standard testbed of games, showing their performance when approximating equilibria. We investigate both cases in which only one team is composed of multiple players and cases in which both teams are composed of multiple players. Our empirical results show that our algorithms can provide a rough approximation to equilibrium strategies in all game instances considered, trading off a lower precision in the computed equilibrium for lower resource utilization.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Perkalian Melalui Model Kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Siswa Kelas IV-A SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya

This Classroom Action Research aimed to enhance the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Pakis 01 Surabaya in understanding the multiplication of whole numbers up to 100. The study involved 27 students. Data was collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The cooperative learning model, Teams Games Tournament (TGT), was implemented. Results indicated a significant improvement in students' mathematics achievement, particularly in multiplication, following the implementation of TGT. The percentage of students achieving mastery increased from 37.04% in the pre-cycle to 85.19% in Cycle II. This substantial improvement suggests that TGT effectively created an active, collaborative, and engaging learning environment, motivating students to participate more actively in the learning process. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in the class average across cycles. The implementation of TGT successfully achieved the research objective of enhancing students' understanding of the multiplication concept. Therefore, it is recommended that the TGT model be considered as an alternative to improve the quality of mathematics education in elementary schools.

The Implementation Of Teams Game Tournament (TGT) To Improve Students’ Writing Ability Of Second Grade Students In SMP Negeri 7 Padang

This study aimed to determine whether the implementation of the Teams Game Tournament (TGT) can improve students’ writing abilities in learning English of second grade students in SMP Negeri 7 Padang. The population was second grade students in SMP Negeri 7 Padang. The sample of this research was 33 students of VIII.5 class. This type of research was quantitative. The method used was a pre-experimental design, with one group pre-test and post-test. The result of the data showed that the average students score on the post-test was (89,45) higher that the average score on the pre-test (60.24). From the t-test, the study showed that the t-test value (11,54) is higher that t-table (1,697) at a significance level of 0,05 with degree freedom (df) = 32. This result meant that there was a significant difference. This indicated that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted and the nul hypothesis (H0) was rejected. Hence, it can be concluded that the implementation of Teams Game Tournament (TGT) significantly improve students’ writing ability.

Increasing the Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) Model Assisted by the PhET Application

This research seeks to assess the enhancement of third-grade elementary students' understanding of mathematical concepts comprehension through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) instructional approach, supported by the PhET application, compared to traditional teaching methods. The study employs a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. A total of 63 third-grade students participated, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through multiple techniques, such as tests, observations, discussions, and photo and video records. The assessment tool used was a descriptive test measuring mathematical concept understanding and is stated to have met the requirements for content validity, construct validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and differentiation. The data analysis technique for hypothesis testing uses IBM SPSS Statistics 2.6 software, namely the normalized n-gain hypothesis test. As indicated by the research results, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts at SDN Pancasila Lembang experienced a significant increase after receiving learning using the Team Games Tournament (TGT) instructional approach supported by the PhET application. This is proven by the results of the n-gain data test calculation, which is 0.36 in the medium category. The posttest average score for the experimental group was 67.78 and the posttest average score for the control class was 30.32. This indicates that the improvement in mathematical concept understanding in the experimental group surpasses that of the control group. Consequently, it can be concluded that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, supported by the PhET application, is a recommended alternative for enhancing elementary students' ability to grasp mathematical concepts.

Improving Students' Social Skills Through Cooperative Learning: The Effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Model

Improving Students' Social Skills Through Cooperative Learning: The Effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Model. This research aims to describe the improvement in students' social skills after carrying out the learning process by implementing the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative model on vibration and wave material. The type of research used is a pre-experimental design with a one-shot case Study design. In this research, the subjects used were students in class VIII of one of the State Middle Schools in Sidoarjo. The indicators used in this research are being able to socialize with other people, being able to interact confidently, showing concern, reporting things accurately, completing tasks, avoiding bad behavior, respecting other people's opinions, controlling emotions, and being friendly. The results of the research show that all indicators have experienced a significant increase in the average social skills of students being well-trained as indicated by an increase in the percentage of students' skills at each meeting. At meetings I, II, and III respectively, the percentage increase was 52%, 71%, and 93%. Based on this, it can be concluded that Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning can be used to train students' social skills which is one aspect of cognitive development in vibration and wave material.

Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament Dengan Media Number Card Terhadap Penguasaan Mufradat

The purpose of this study was to determine how effective the cooperative learning model using <em>Team Games Tournament</em> with the help of Number Cards on students' mastery of mufradat in class X A Madrasah Aliyah. With the subject matter of "yaumiyyah", this research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Class X A. This research is a type of quantitative experiment with a pre-test and post-test design. The purpose of the pre-test and post-test design is to determine whether or not the treatment has an influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. In addition, the sample of this study was collected from class X A of Madrasah Aliyah, which consisted of 15 students. This sample was obtained through saturated sampling technique. In this study, all students of class X A Madrasah Aliyah were selected as the population because they were easily accessible to the researcher. The data analysis techniques used in this study were Normality Test and T Test. In this study, there was an effect of the application of the <em>Team Games Tournament</em> learning model assisted by <em>Number Card</em> media on students' mastery of mufradat. From the results of the Normality Test calculation shows a sig value of 0.200> 0.05. And from the results of the T test calculation shows a sig value of 0.001 <0.05, which if it is concluded that there is an effect of using the Team Games Tournament type cooperative learning model assisted by Number Card media on students' mastery of mufradat<strong> </strong>

Penerapan Metode Team Games Tournament (TGT) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Belajar Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Teks Argumentasi

Education is an important key in the formation of an intelligent nation. The background of this study is the decrease in concentration and inactivity of students in learning Indonesian Language, especially in the hours before the end of learning at school. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in two cycles with the aim of increasing the concentration and learning activity of students in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya through the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning model in learning Indonesian Language Argumentation Text material. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interviews, and tests. The results of the study show that the application of this TGT method can increase the concentration and learning activity of participants in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya on the Argumentation Text material. This can be seen from the increase in observations, interviews, and test results. Students' learning activities and critical thinking ability have increased with the percentage of score acquisition in cycle 2 higher than in cycle 2. The Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning learning model allows students to discuss with each other in learning, and can help each other, so that it can increase the activeness and involvement of students during the learning process. In addition, this method helps learners to develop their thinking and communication skills with other friends.

Pengaruh Model Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang Kabupaten Simalungun Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character in Class The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research is a regression research using Inferential Statistics techniques. The population of all class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang who are Protestant Christians is 138 people. Random sampling (random sampling) is 30% of the total population, namely 40 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. From the determination coefficient test, the value r2 = 0.555 is obtained. From the determination value (r2), it can be seen that the percentage of influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/ 2024 is 55.5%. The results of the analysis requirements obtained values ​​rxy = 0.745> rtable = 0.312 and tcount = 6.896> ttable = 2.024 showing that there is a relationship between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) model and Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation and Character Characteristics of Students and obtained a regression equation Ŷ = 19.72 +0.564X. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=47.55>Ftable=4.09 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character of Class

Optimising Fraction Operation Skills with Shaded Level Board for Elementary School Students (Project Based Learning, Course Review Horay and Teams Games Tournament)

Optimising Fraction Operation Skills with Shaded Level Board for Elementary School Students (Project Based Learning, Course Review Horay and Teams Games Tournament)

Pendidikan Jasmani Berbasis Nilai: Membentuk Karakter melalui Aktivitas Fisik pada Siswa

Physical education has an important role in shaping students' character through physical activity at school. Through the development of motor skills, physical abilities, knowledge, sportsmanship, as well as mental, emotional, spiritual and social character formation, physical education aims to achieve the goals of the National education system. Apart from that, physical education also has important benefits in improving students' physical fitness and forming characters such as discipline, cooperation and sportsmanship. The difference with sports education lies in the focus on developing motor skills, knowledge and healthy living attitudes through physical activity, while sports education places more emphasis on developing strong athletes and achievements in certain sports. Physical education also includes activities outside the classroom such as field trips, camping, environmental awareness, exploring, and mountain climbing. Values-based physical education combines a character education approach with physical activities to develop students' attitudes, values ​​and social skills. The advantages of value-based physical education include character building, improving mental and emotional health, social skills, and overcoming the problem of accidents at school. Examples of physical activities such as team games, collaborative activities, yoga or meditation classes, and sports competitions can be used as a means to implement values-based physical education.

Pengaruh Metode Teams Games Tournament (TGT) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PAI

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning method on student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education subjects at SMAN 10 Bogor. This research includes experimental research. The population in this study included all class XI students at SMAN 10 Bogor consisting of 8 classes. Then from this population two classes were taken randomly to be used as research samples, namely class XI F as the experimental class and class XI H as the control class consisting of 30 students in each class. The instrument in this research uses pre-test and post-test questions that have been validated by experts, namely PAI subject teachers. Based on the research results, the average score obtained for the experimental class after treatment using the Teams Games Tournament method was 84.33. Meanwhile, the average score for the control class was 61.67. Next, it was tested using the t test with the SPSS statistics 26 for windows application, the results obtained were Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000. This shows that the Sig (2-tailed) value is <0.005. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning method on student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education subjects.

PEMBINAAN PEMBENTUKAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF GURU DENGAN METODE TGT (TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT) BERBASIS WORDWALL DI MIN 4 PALANGKA RAYA

Interactive learning is key to improving student engagement and understanding in class. This community service aims to guide grade 1 teachers at MIN 4 Palang Raya in creating interactive media based on Word wall using the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) method. The TGT method was chosen because it is able to integrate game and competition elements that can motivate students to learn more actively and enjoyably. Community service activities include several stages, namely training in using the Word wall platform, designing interactive learning media, and implementation and evaluation in class. Teachers are given intensive assistance in utilizing various Word wall features to create various types of educational games that are relevant to the grade 1 curriculum. The results of this activity show an increase in teachers' abilities in creating and applying interactive media, as well as an increase in student participation and learning achievement in grade 1. Thus, coaching through the TGT method based on Word wall not only improves teachers' technical competence in creating interactive media, but also strengthens collaboration and innovation in the learning process in class. It is hoped that similar activities can continue to be carried out to support improving the quality of education in schools and other teachers.

한국인 아랍어 전공 대학생의 학습동기와 학습경험/태도 중재방안에 관한 연구

This study investigates the motivational characteristics of Korean university students majoring in Arabic and develops motivational intervention strategies based on the findings. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted using Dörnyei's (2005, 2009) “L2 Motivational Self System” with additional variables reflecting the socio-cultural context of Korea. The survey participants were 178 students majoring in Arabic or Arab studies at 5 domestic universities. Subsequent analysis of the survey responses revealed that augmenting learners' satisfaction with their learning experiences and improving their learning attitudes significantly contributed to intensifying their study efforts. To facilitate these improvements, the study indicates a need for intervention strategies that foster positive attitudes towards Arabs and Arab culture within Arabic language classrooms, while also capitalizing on the 'competition' factor. Finally, the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) model was selected and exemplified as a potential intervention strategy that aligns with the research findings.

Transformation of Early Reading Ability Through Smart Wheel Media Based on the TGT Learning Model

This study introduces the Kintar/Smarwheel learning media, a one meter diameter Smart Wheel media that was developed using the Team Game Tournament (TGT) learning model to improve the initial reading skills of grade 1 elementary school students. The problem of urgency is highlighted by the low reading ability of the average grade 1 child, encouraging the development of effective learning media. This research aims to develop, validate and evaluate the effectiveness of Kintar in improving student learning outcomes in early reading. This study uses a development approach, integrating the product design phase, feasibility validation by media and materials experts, and effectiveness testing through small and large scale trials involving grade 1 students from SDN Purwoyoso 03, Semarang City. Feasibility assessments by experts confirmed a high degree of suitability for educational use, with significant improvements in student learning outcomes observed during the pilot. The small scale trial showed an average increase from pretest to posttest scores from 46.67 to 70.00, with a significant difference of 23.33. The large-scale trial showed a mean increase from 61.47 to 81.47, with a striking difference of 20.00. The N-Gain test results show a moderate impact, with values ​​of 0.3959 and 0.5298 for small and large scale tests, respectively. This study concludes that Kintar, integrated with the TGT learning model, is a powerful educational tool for improving early reading skills. Positive feedback from students and teachers underscores its effectiveness in generating engagement and improving learning outcomes in the classroom.

A fast strategy-solving method for adversarial team games utilizing warm starting

Adversarial team games (ATGs) have garnered significant attention in recent years, leading to the emergence of various solutions such as linear programming algorithms, multi-agent reinforcement learning, and game tree transformation. The ATGs involve large-scale game trees, resulting in higher time costs for computation. In this paper, we focus on expediting the solution of team-maxmin equilibrium with correlation (TMECor), which can be considered the equilibrium that maximizes the team’s payoff. To address this, we propose a transformation with seed strategies (TSS). TSS leverages reinforcement learning to calculate player strategies. We initialize the strategies of all players, referred to as seed strategies, and incorporate them into the multi-agent game tree during the transformation process. These seed strategies serve as the starting strategies for counterfactual regret minimization (CFR). CFR initializes the strategies and cumulative regret of all players based on the seed strategy. By warm starting the whole process, our method accelerates the solving of TMECor. We conducted nine experiments using Kuhn poker and Leduc Hold’em poker. The results demonstrated that TSS improved the solving speed of TMECor.

Experimental Study: The Impact of Traditional Team Games on Gross Motor Locomotor Skills and Social Skills of Elementary School Children

Background: In the 21st century, children often prefer modern video games, which can lead to decreased physical activity and increased screen time. This lack of physical activity can result in poor motor skills and social skills among children. Motor and social skills are crucial for the development and growth of primary school children. Locomotor gross motor skills focus on walking, running, jumping, and skipping, which help children improve movement during physical activities. Social skills help children communicate with peers, understand friends, establish cooperation, and build healthy interpersonal relationships. It is believed that traditional games can help children aged 10‑12 improve their motor and social skills. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of traditional team sports on optimizing locomotor gross motor skills and social skills in children aged 10‑12 years. Design/methodology/approach: This research study utilized a quasi‑experimental research method. The traditional games used in the study were gobak sodor and bakiak team. The study focused on children aged 10‑12 years. The instruments used for assessment were the Test of Gross Motor Development‑2 (TGMD‑II) for evaluating gross motor ability and a social skills questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a t‑test at a 5% significance level. Results and Conclusion: The analysis results of the first few t‑tests showed that the t‑count value (16.102) was greater than the t‑table value (2.093), and the p‑value (0.000) was less than 0.05. This indicates that there is an effect of traditional team games on the gross motor development of children aged 10‑12 years. The results of the second t‑test analysis also indicated that the t‑count value (14.912) was greater than the t‑table value (2.093), suggesting an effect of traditional team games on both gross motor abilities and social skills of children in the same age group. In the third t‑test analysis, the t‑count value was greater than the t‑table value, indicating differences between the experimental group and the control group. This suggests an effect of traditional team games on the development of gross motor skills and social abilities of children aged 10‑12 years.

Use Application Quiz in Model Tgt Learning (Team Games Tournament) to Improve Elementary School Multiplication Counting Skills

This research aims to describe the use of the quizizz application in the TGT (Team Games Tournament) learning model to improve elementary school multiplication numeracy skills in class III of SDN Sindangsari, Sukabumi Regency with a total of 28 students. The research method used was classroom action research (PTK) Kemmis and Mc Taggart model research design which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, action and observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques use tests in theform of pretests and posttests, and non-tests in the form of observations, interviews, field notes and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. From the pre-cycle learning completion cycle, only 29% or 8 students completed because they still used a formal learning model consisting of lectures, exercises and questions and answers. After implementing the Quizizz application in the TGT learning model in cycle I, it has been proven that there has been an improvement, although it is not yet visible significantly, completion was only 64% or 18 students who completed. Then, from the evaluation results of the previous cycle, the research continued with cycle II by adding improvements, the completion of learning results in increasing multiplication ability increased by 89% or 25 students. Therefore, the research was stopped classically because it had reached or exceeded the 85% achievement indicator. By combining the TGT Model with the use of the Quizzizz application in mathematics learning, teachers can create a learning environment that is stimulative, collaborative and interesting for students. This can help improve students' math skills through a team-based learning approach and utilizing digital technology as an effective learning tool.

Cognitive abilities as one of the criteria for the selection and orientation of athletes of various ages in game team sports (for example, football)

Selection in the system of long-term training of athletes is one of the most complex problems in the theory and practice of sports training and involves the development and implementation of scientific and methodological developments in several directions at once: forecasting, modeling and control. As a result, in game team sports and in particular in football, ensuring the effectiveness of the selection and orientation process is determined by a comprehensive assessment of the athlete's abilities, covering all aspects of his preparation. Nowadays, psychodiagnostics and the practical application of the obtained data in the process of selection, competitive activity and in the educational and training process of young football players of various ages are still a reserve that can significantly increase the effectiveness of the training of the sports reserve in football. Not an exception is the study of the cognitive sphere of players, the lack of attention to which leads to a decrease in the prognostic value of conclusions about the potential capabilities of football players, as well as a negative impact on the effectiveness of training in certain areas and, first of all, tactical and technical. In order to determine the level of formation of a number of cognitive abilities of young football players of various ages, appropriate diagnostic measures were carried out, which made it possible to establish the dynamic characteristics of changes in individual cognitive indicators at different stages of training. The two tests used during the diagnosis showed consistent results in determining the age limits, where there is a stabilization of the rate of growth of the studied indicators. The obtained data can be used as criteria for assessing the degree of suitability of a young football player for effective functioning within sports activities at a specific stage of multi-year training.