Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex Research Articles

Dystocia due to bull dog calf in a Murrah buffalo heifer

A rare case of dystocia due to bull dog calf in a Murrah buffalo heifer was presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya with the history of 8 months pregnancy, restlessness, reduced feed and water, continuous straining and labor pain. The bull dog calf was delivered per-vaginum successfully under epidural anaesthesia with 2% xylocaine hydrochloride.

Intussusception resemble to rectal prolapse and its surgical management in cats: Report of two cases

Two cats were presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy with a complaint of rectal prolapse from the past two days. The presented animals were weak and emaciated. A small sausage shaped structure could be palpated on abdominal palpation, and the animal exhibited pain on palpation. Due to the oedema of the prolapsed mass, it could not be reduced to a normal position. The ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen produced a target sign suggestive that the condition was intussusception. I decided to correct the condition surgically. Opened the abdominal cavity through the Linea alba and exteriorized the affected portion from the remaining segments. Manually reduced the affected portion under general anaesthesia. Closed the abdominal cavity and skin incision as per the standard manner. Animals were exhibited successful recovery.

Clinico-haematobiochemical Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Hernia and its Surgical Management in Cattle and Buffaloes- A Retrospective Study of 32 Cases

Background: Diaphragmatic hernia is an emerging threat in dairy animals due to accidental ingestion of potential foreign body via feed or fodder leads to traumatic reticulo pericarditis and net results into loss of milk production. Loss of milk production due to diaphragmatic hernia in dairy animals is worrying situation among the milkman and it needs to be addressed in early stage. Considering the livelihood of poor to marginal farmers on dairy animals, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinico-haematological changes and surgical management of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle and buffalo. Methods: The present retrospective study was carried in thirty two clinical cases of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle (17) and buffaloes (15) presented to teaching veterinary clinical complex from the rural area irrespective breeds, age and no. of lactation of animals. Result: The incidence was higher in recently parturited followed by advanced pregnant animals aged between 3.5-14 years (7.109±0.406) with duration of illness ranged between 4-35 days (16.563±1.627). All animals showed recurrent tympany, suspended rumination, constipation, neutrophilia, alkaline ruminal pH, lymphopenia and increased level of muscle enzymes and non-responsive to medicinal therapy. Plain radiography of thoraco-abdominal region showed break in continuity of diaphragmatic line and herniation of reticulum into thoracic cavity. All animals were subjected to surgical correction of diaphragmatic hernia under isoflurane general anaesthesia. Out of 32, 27 animals were recovered uneventfully and remaining five animals were succumbed during surgical repair of hernia due to cardiovascular failure. The present study concludes that, diaphragmatic hernia is common wasting disorders in dairy animals characterized by scanty faeces, recurrent tympany, neutrophilia, increased level of muscle enzymes due to chronic inflammatory changes and it can be treated successfully with herniorrhaphy under isoflurane general anaesthesia.

Evaluation of Ketamine Hydrochloride in Combination with Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol as Balanced Anaesthesia in Cats

Background: As cats undergo stress at the time of presentation before surgery and therefore sedation is required often. It is very difficult to choose a balanced anaesthetic protocol during the surgical intervention in the case of a cat. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ketamine hydrochloride in combination with midazolam, dexmedetomidine and butorphanol as balanced anaesthesia on clinico-physiological, haematological, serum biochemical profile in the surgical management of cats undergoing neutering. Methods: The study was performed on 18 clinical cases of cats which were brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (CVSc and AH), Central Agricultural University (CAU), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram for elective surgery such as neutering. Cats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, i.e. Gr. A, Gr. B and Gr. C. Animals were premedicated with glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/kg, i/m. After 10 minutes of premedication, in Gr. A ketamine hydrochloride @15 mg/kg and midazolam @ 0.5 mg/kg, in Gr. B ketamine hydrochloride @10 mg/ kg and dexmedetomidine@ 5 mcg /kg and in Gr. C ketamine hydrochloride @ 5 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine@ 5 mcg/kg and butorphanol @ 0.2 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly. Clinico-physiological and haemato-biochemical profiles were evaluated at 0 minute (baseline), then at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of anaesthetic agents to evaluate their anaesthetic effect. Result: In the case of time for induction, the quality of induction, assessment of peri-operative analgesia, depth of anaesthesia and quality of recovery there was no significant difference among all three groups. In Gr. B, animals showed significantly higher duration of recumbency (DOE) and recovery. The assessment of peri-operative analgesic effect among the groups revealed that analgesia during the perioperative period appeared best in Gr. C protocol. In regards to depth of anaesthesia, ketamine hydrochloride in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol group showed a better result. Rectal temperature decreased significantly (P greater than 0.05) up to 60th minutes in Gr. A, but it remained within the physiological range. Heart rate raised significantly (p less than 0.05) from the baseline (0 minutes) onwards and decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) till the end (60 minutes) of the study in Gr. C. The respiration rate was significantly (p less than 0.01) different in between time intervals for all three groups. No significant difference was observed on haemato-biochemical observation except glucose level which significantly increased after induction of anaesthesia. In conclusion, treatment with ketamine hydrochloride in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol led to acceptable sedation and mild changes in clinico-physiological, haematological, serum biochemical profile in comparison to the other two groups.

Comparative evaluation of darbepoetin therapy in non-regenerative anaemia associated with Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs

The present study describes a comparative evaluation of haemato-therapeutic response to darbepoetin therapy in non-regenerative anaemia associated with Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. A total of 68 dogs, presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy with signs of anaemia, weakness, anorexia and pallor of mucous membranes were screened for nonregenerative anaemia. Twenty dogs with a reticulocyte count of < 60,000/μL, haematocrit of < 30 per cent and positive for B. gibsoni were selected for detailed study. The twenty dogs were divided into two groups of ten animals and were subjected to estimation of complete blood count and analysis of serum protein and iron status. Ten dogs brought to the hospital for vaccination or health check-up served as healthy control. Haematological examination revealed significant anaemia and thrombocytopenia in both the groups. Serum total protein, albumin and total iron binding capacity revealed no difference between diseased groups with the healthy control. Serum iron and percentage transferrin saturation were similar in Group I and II, but significantly higher than healthy control. To compare darbepoetin efficacy, Group I dogs were administered with clindamycin and doxycycline for three weeks, whereas Group II was given with darbepoetin at the dose rate of 0.5 μg/kg body weight at weekly intervals for three weeks in addition to clindamycin-doxycycline as in Group I. Dogs of both groups showed complete remission of clinical signs within 10 days of therapy. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in haematological parameters between the treatment groups. It can be concluded from this study that there is no added advantage of darbepoetin therapy over conventional therapies against non-regenerative anaemia associated with B. gibsoni infection in dogs.

Surgico-therapeutic management of hoof affections in goats

A study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and efficacy of two treatment protocols for hoof affections in goats. A total of 129 goats from organised farms located in and around Akola city and cases presented in Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, PGIVAS, Akola (Maharashtra) were screened for hoof affections. The overall incidence of hoof affection was 52.7% with predominance (35.29%) of sole erosion. Depending on the severity of the lesions, 20 goats were included in the present study and divided into two equal groups. Goats from group T, were subjected to corrective hoof trimming using manually operated hoof trimmer and local application of Abrus precatorius ointment, whereas, goats from group T2were subjected to hoof trimming, footbath with 10% zinc sulphate, parenteral administration of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and antibiotics (enrofloxacin). It was observed that recovery of goats from group T2 was faster and better than T. Thus, it can be concluded that hoof affections in goats can be clinically managed successfully with hoof trimming, footbath with 10% zinc sulphate, parenteral administration of NSAID and antibiotics.

Epidemiological study of bacterial dermatitis in dogs of Wayanad district

A survey was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of bacterial dermatitis in dogs presented at the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), College of Veterinary and Animal sciences Pookode, from April 2017 to June 2018. Dogs of all age groups, breeds and both sexes with clinical signs of dermatitis were included in the study. Sterile swabs were used to collect samples aseptically from the dogs that showed clinical lesions of canine bacterial dermatitis. Samples were taken for culture and isolation of bacteria was done. There was no statistically significant difference among different age groups, however the highest occurrence was observed among dogs between 1-3 years (39.44 %) and out of 71 animals, 39 (54.93 %t) male dogs were positive for bacterial dermatitis, but no statistically significance among different sexes was observed. Among the various breeds studied, the highest occurrence was noticed in Labrador retrievers (23.94 per cent) when compared to other breeds but no statistically significance difference among different breeds was observed. Identification of bacterial isolates was done based on colony character, Gram’s staining, oxidase test, catalase test, oxidative fermentative test and growth in specific media. A total of 71 bacterial isolates were obtained. Bacterial isolates obtained were Staphylococcus species (84.51 %), Streptococci (7.04%), Micrococci (5.63 %), and Pseudomonas species (2.82 %).

Occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs from Thrissur, Kerala

Dermatophytosis is one of the most common skin diseases that affect dogs. Geographic factors like temperature and humidity play an important role in determining prevalence of dermatophytosis. The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of different types of dermatophytes from the dogs presented to University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkali and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy. Skin scrapings and hair were collected from the dogs presented with complaint of alopecia and pruritus. Each sample was cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The cultures were incubated at room temperature for maximum of four weeks. The isolates of fungi were examined macroscopically and microscopically.Lactophenol cotton blue staining technique was used for fungi morphology identification. The most common type of dermatophytes affecting dogs in Thrissur district, Kerala were Trichophyton spp.(68 per cent), Microsporum spp. (32 per cent) and other non-dermatophytes fungi viz. Aspergillusspp., Sporothrix spp., and curvularia spp. This study could assist investigators for understanding the prevalence of the dermatophytes and in zoonotic aspects.

Gastrointestinal parasites of captive Asian elephants in Kerala

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections invariably affect the health status of elephants and can cause disease and death in elephants. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI)parasitesof elephants in Kerala and to relate it to the deworming status. A total of 31 Asian elephants presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, those under private ownership (Thrissur) and forest department formed the basis of the study.It was observed that 32.2 per cent of elephants in the study were affected with GI parasites. High percentage of strongyle ova was observed followed by the mixed infection of strongyle and Strongyloides ova. Statistical analysis of haematological parameters were done by using student t test in SPSS version 24.0. The haematological studies of elephants infected with GI parasites revealed anaemia and eosinophilia.

Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in mastitic cases from Namakkal District

Milk samples (n= 241) were collected from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows which were brought to teaching veterinary clinical complex (TVCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu and subjected to isolation on mannitol salt agar, Gram’s staining and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus at cow level was 61.5 and 57.4 per cent in clinical and subclinical cases, respectively, and at quarter level was 58.8 and 57.4 per cent in the clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern revealed a high sensitivity to enrofloxacin (100.0%) and a high resistance to methicillin (100.0%) by S. aureus isolates, and multidrug resistance by S. aureus isolates was also observed.

Therapeutic management of demodicosis in golden hamsters: A review of 5 cases

Demodex spp is the most common ectoparasite recognized in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Demodex criceti and Demodex aurati are the two distinct species causing demodicosis in hamsters. Five Golden hamsters belongs to different age groups were presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy with alopecia and erythema on the dorsal aspect of the body. Physical conditions of animals were slightly below normal. Examination of deep skin scrapings revealed mites identified as Demodex spp. All the five hamsters were treated with subcutaneous administration of ivermectin @ 0.3mg/kg body weight. Topically amitraz dips were recommended at weekly intervals. Oral multivitamin supplements were also given as supportive therapy. The average time period for complete recovery was found to be five consecutive treatments at 2 weeks interval in all the cases. All the animals made an uneventful recovery by 10 weeks period.

Study of Occurrence of Cataract and their Surgical Management in Dogs

Background: Present study investigated the occurrence of cataract in dogs presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC) and Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology under Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during a period of four months. During the study period, a total number of 3847 canine cases were registered at TVCC, out of which 23 cases registered under the RKVY project for different types of ophthalmic affections. There were only eight canine cataract cases with overall prevalence of 0.2% among total canines presented to TVCC and 34.78% of total canines presented with some sorts of ophthalmic affections. Methods: Menace reflex, pupillary light reflex, maze test, obstacle test, catoptrics test, Schirmer’s tear test (STT), Schiotz tonometry, Slit lamp bio microscopy and fundus examination -using indirect ophthalmoscope (IO) and fundus camera, were carried out in all the cases studied. Result: Occurrence of cataract was higher in Spitz (50%). Males had more incidences (62.5%) of cataract. The ages of the dogs were less than 10 years. B mode ultra-sonographic (USG) examination revealed increased echogenecity of lens in all cataract affected dogs while corneal opacification was found in two cases. Cataract was extracted by phaco-emulsification in three dogs and by small incision cataract surgery (SICS) technique in one dog.

Detection of Escherichia coli in Postpartum Clinical Endometritis of Dairy Cattle by PCR

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Bacillus spp. and Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) are the common bacterial agents isolated from postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle. The objective of the present study was to determine the association of E. coli with postpartum endometritis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: The present study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala and organised dairy farms in Wayanad district, Kerala. Endometrial cytobrush samples (n = 36) were collected by cytobrush technique at 28 to 35 days postpartum (dpp). 16S rRNA gene was employed for the identification of E. coli by PCR.Result: Upon evaluating endometrial cytological smear, 26 animals were positive for endometritis with more than 5% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. The prevalence of endometritis was 72.22 per cent (26/36). E. coli was detected in 12 samples by PCR. The study suggested PCR as a highly sensitive method for the identification of E. coli associated with endometritis in postpartum dairy cows.

A case study on therapeutic management of a cross-bred downer cow

A five year old cross bred cow, 24 hours post calving was presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), Pookode, with the history of recumbency 24 hours post calving. The serum biochemical parameters of calcium, phosphorus and potassium on the first day of presentation were 7.93 mg/dL, 3.82 mg/dL and 3.67 mEq/L, respectively. Tentatively the condition was diagnosed as downer cow with metabolic origin. The cow was treated with calcium borogluconate, flunixine meglumine and inj. Vitamin B1, B6, B12, sodium acid phosphate, vitamin ADE, Selenium, Biotin liquid for 7 days. Along with this, potassium chloride was administered for two days. The supportive treatment was done with lifting of cow using cow sling. Sand bedding was provided along with physiotherapy of rolling of the recumbent cow alternate ways six times a day. The serum biochemical parameters became normal on 8th day and the cow recovered by 13th day.

Investigation of Mutations in Exon 12 Of β-MYH7, 16 Of MYBPC3 and 2 Of TCAP Gene in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy using PCR-SSCP Technique

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the important myocardial disease and one of the most common cause of death in the medium to large size dog breeds worldwide. The disease is characterized by dilatation of cardiac chambers and thinning of walls leads to systolic failure. Mutations in some sarcomere genes leads to cardiomyopathy in humans. Sarcomere is an important multifunctional protein network involved in the signal reception and transduction. Mutations in β-MYH7, MYBPC3 and TCAP genes produce alterations in the morphology of heart (hypertrophy or dilatation). Methods: In this study twenty apparently healthy and twenty five dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were selected from patients reported or referred to University Veterinary Hospital and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy (2015-2017) based on the clinical examination, radiographic, electrocardiographic, haematobiochemical and echocardiographic studies cardiac disorders (Dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) were confirmed. Result: In the present study we investigated genetic alterations of exon 12 of β-MYH7, 16 of MYBPC3 and 2 of TCAP gene in dogs by polymerase chain reaction -single stranded confirmation of polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Polymerase chain reactions were analysed using acrylamide gel and samples with different pattern of bands were sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction-SSCP showed different migration of band pattern in the intron 1 of TCAP gene in one sample.

Treatment of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour using Different Surgico-chemotherapeutic Protocols

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) also known as infectious sarcoma, venereal granuloma, transmissible lymphosarcoma or sticker tumour is usually transmitted through coitus and mainly affects the external genitalia of young sexually matured dogs. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are considered as effective treatment protocols. Therefore, depending upon the availability present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of different surgico-chemotherapeutic protocols for treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumour.Methods: The study was conducted during January 2018 to July 2018 at the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC) and Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.) on 18 canines of various breed, irrespective of age, sex and divided into three groups consisting 6 animals in each group. Group A was treated with surgical excision of tumour only where as Group B and Group C were treated with surgical excision of tumour followed by administration of Doxorubicin (30mg/m2) BSA and Vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/kg) intravenously alongwith DNS at 7th and 14th post-operative days respectively. Different physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters (Hb, PCV, TLC, TPC, DLC, serum glucose, TSP, SUN, SC, ALT, AST and ALP) were recorded preoperatively, postoperatively and after chemotherapy at 10th, 30th and 60th days intervals.Result: The present investigation showed transient changes in physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters before, post surgery and post chemotherapeutic management and was within normal range. Histopathological examination revealed confluent sheet of tumour cells arranged in large round oval or polyhedral shaped distributed in tight clusters or cords. Group A showed mild to moderated reoccurrence while Group B showed minimum reoccurrence. Group C showed no reoccurrence. Thus, surgery combined with vincristine therapy is most effective for treating dogs suffering with transmissible venereal tumour.

Therapeutic management of mastitis in a mongrel bitch: A case report

The mammary gland is basically an exocrine gland, which basic function is to produce milk to feed the offspring. Mastitis is an inflammation with or without an infection of the mammary gland and a common problem in bitches of all breeds at various ages. The disease occurs primarily in non-spayed bitches during the postpartum period and more frequently, from 6th to 10th day after whelping. A two years old mongrel bitch was presented in Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih with a history of anorexia, vomition and sudden swelling of mammary glands. The case was diagnosed as mastitis based on history, clinical signs and bacteriological examination. Bacterial culture showed presence of Staphylococcus aureus as a causative agent and then subjected to commonly used antimicrobials to determine their sensitivity. The bitch was successfully treated with a course of parenteral antibiotic and supportive therapy along with proper care and management till clinical recovery.

Successful clinical management of mummified foetus in cattle: A case report

An eight-year-old crossbred cow in its third parity was presented to teaching veterinary clinical complex, BVC (BASU), Patna with complaint of prolong gestation of 10 months with normal feed and water intake. Udder and abdomen had increased in size, but the cow did not deliver the foetus even after 300 days of gestation. On the Per-rectal examination revealed that uterine contents were hard and thick, foetus was compact, Firm and immobile mass without placental fluid. Fremitus was also absent. On the ultrasound examination showed the absence of placental fluid or any viable signs of foetus. During per-vaginal examination cervix was closed. The cow was administered single dose of PGF2α analogue Cloprostenol intramuscular as well as manual massage or stimulation of cervix per vaginally three time in a day interval of eight hours. There is some time only use of prostaglandin F2α failure to expel mummified because of incomplete dilation of cervix. After 48 hrs of the Cloprostenol along with massage of cervix per vaginally a long thick brownish mucoid discharge was reported from vulva. Per vaginally, the cervix was fully relaxed, and a bony mass rapped within the placenta was palpated. traction was applied to take out the dead foetus with using of lubricant. Dead foetus was covered with in dark brown foetal membrane.

β tricalcium phosphate as a bone substitute for fracture healing in goats

The study was conducted on twelve clinical cases of goats having long bone fracture, presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, during the study period. In group I the fracture segment was immobilized by dynamic compression plate whereas, in group II after immobilization with dynamic compression plate gap at fracture site was filled with β tricalcium phosphate. There was a gradual decrease in exudates and pain at fracture site in both the groups from 2nd postoperative day onwards. A significant increase in weight bearing was observed from 7th post-operative day in both the groups of goat. Complete weight bearing by all the animals was observed on 30th day in group II. Radiographic examination on 15th post-operative day, depicted evidence of periosteal reaction on both the fracture segment, almost in all the cases of group II. Radiograph taken on 60th post-operative day, exhibited radiodense area at the fracture site, indicative of extensive periosteal and endosteal callus. The values of alkaline phosphatase increased non-significantly in both groups of goat up to 15th post-operative day. After reaching its maximum values, a decline in the values was observed in both the groups.

Surgical management of urolithiasis in a male dog

A 3 ½ year old male Labrador dog, weighing 37 kg was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola with the complaint of anorexia, vomition and adipsia since last 3 days. There was anuria and passing of tarry coloured stool. On physical examination it was found that there was slight degree of dehydration with subtle loss of skin elasticity, abdominal pain on palpation, rectal temperature was within normal range (101.4oF), pink mucus membrane, distended abdomen due to tensed bladder because of accumulation of urine. The case was diagnosed tentatively as urolithiasis. For confirmative diagnosis abdominal radiography, abdominal USG, blood and serum analysis was carried out and the case was finally diagnosed as urolithiasis.