Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex Research Articles

Effects of environmental factors on host-parasite interaction patterns in backyard-tethered goats of Kerala, India

The environment is the most important stratum in the epidemiological triad of a parasitic disease and any variations in the environmental factors may decide the dynamic occurrence and existence of different lifecycle stages of these parasites. The present study investigated the correlations between key biometeorological and demographical parameters with the incidence of different gastrointestinal parasites and hemoparasites among goats. Four hundred and thirty-two goats were screened for parasitic infection in a yearlong survey conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Kerala, India. The weather parameters (Tmax, Tmin, RH, THI, and bright sunshine hours), air quality parameters [AQI, PM2.5, and PM10], and demographic parameters (gender and age) were recorded along with the test positivity of different categories of gastrointestinal parasites and hemoparasites in goats by routine fecal sample examination and blood smear examination, respectively. The infection level was ranked based on the severity of the infection. The mean and daily variations in biometeorological parameters were calculated and the data were statistically analyzed to figure out the pertinent correlations in host-parasite-environment interaction patterns. High levels of parasitic infections with significant month-wise variations and climate-correlated peak infection patterns were noticed. The incidence of parasites was negatively correlated to all parameters except humidity, indicating more severe parasitism during monsoon months. The significant variations in the host-parasite interaction dynamics point towards the need for detailed explorations concerning the lifecycle of each specific parasite with a focus on the possible environment-favourable and resistant lifecycle stages. Future studies may be designed from a biometeorological perspective to develop a crucial understanding of host-parasite-environment interactions in goats ensuring sustainable goat farming.

MEDIAN EPISIOTOMY APPROACH IN A MINIATURE POMERANIAN WITH VULVAL HYPOPLASIA: A CASE REPORT

This case report details the episiotomy approach employed in managing vulval hypoplasia in a two year old Miniature Pomeranian bitch. The animal was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrical Unit, Madras Veterinary College, displaying a history of greenish black discharge and continuous straining for two hours. The animal was bred before 64 days. Physical examination revealed a small vaginal opening, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in length. Digital examination indicated fetal hind limbs and tail extending into the vaginal passage, while all other vital parameters were within the normal range. Attempts to induce uterine contractions using Inj. Oxytocin and 10 % Calcium gluconate in 5 % DNS proved unsuccessful. Therefore, under local anesthesia (2 % Lignocaine injection), median episiotomy was made and a single live male puppy was successfully delivered with mild traction. Closure of the incision site was accomplished using PGA 1/0 with a simple interrupted suture pattern. The patient had uneventful recovery after 5 day treatment regimen, involving a single dose of subcutaneous Inj. Cefovecin (antibiotic) and anti-inflammatory drugs, along with meticulous wound management.

Parasite diversity among domestic goats of tropical monsoon climatic zone in India.

Among different climatic zones in India, the tropical monsoon region comprises a diverse ecosystem characterized by the endemic nature of several parasites including certain emerging and re-emerging vector-borne pathogens of humans, whereas a systematic investigation of the occurrence of different parasites among domestic goats in this area is not yet explored. The goal of the present study is to explore the parasite diversity focusing on molecular identification of vector-borne hemoparasites and its health impacts on domestic goats reared in the tropical monsoon climate zone of Kerala, India. Among 227 goats presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC) in the monsoon months of 2023, thirty animals were recruited for the study. The animals were screened for the presence of different hemoparasites (Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp., and Babesia spp.), ectoparasites (ticks, lice, and fleas), and gastrointestinal (GI) parasites (hookworms, threadworms, tapeworms, whipworms, and coccidia). The isolated hemoparasites were further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The correlation studies to elucidate the association between the occurrence of different parasites and clinical manifestations (hyperthermia, pallor of mucous membrane, circulatory failure, respiratory signs, neurological instability, and GI signs), blood picture (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), demographics (sex and age), and treatment history (hemoparasitic therapy, ectoparasiticidal application, and prophylactic deworming) were conducted. The co-infection status of these parasites was also evaluated. A substantial portion of the goats in the study group was found to be affected by vector-borne hemoparasitic diseases and their arthropod vectors or GI parasites or both. This can be attributed to the constantly warm and humid climate of the region, which is favorable for the survival and growth of different life cycle stages of these parasites and vectors. A strategic parasitic disease surveillance-cum-control program is the need of the hour for ensuring climate resilience and profitable goat farming in the region.

Clinical manifestation and management of hypomagnesemia in Theileria spp. infected periparturient Malabari goats

BackgroundGrass tetany or hypomagnesemia is a metabolic syndrome causing acute neurological manifestations in periparturient ruminants grazing on rapidly grown green pastures or cereal crops with high potassium or nitrogen content and low magnesium levels. Clinical reports of naturally occurring grass tetany in goats are least described in the literature and it is considered to be a rare disease. The present study documents the clinical manifestation and management of hypomagnesemia-associated excitatory neuropathy in two Theileria spp. infected Malabari goats presented to the small ruminant medicine OP unit of the University Veterinary Hospital and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India. MethodsThe first goat was in the last trimester of pregnancy and was showing signs of hyperesthesia, limping, difficulty in standing, and inappetence for the last six hours. The second goat was kidded six weeks back and was showing recurrent epileptic seizures and hyporexia from the previous day. Both the goats were kept on extensive grazing from the forest areas with unidentified lush vegetation. On clinical evaluation, both the goats were showing persistent excitatory neurological signs. Fecal examination, peripheral blood smear examination, PCR screening panel for hemoparasites, Complete Blood Count, and serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and glucose were evaluated. ResultsA significant reduction in serum magnesium levels was noted in both cases along with the varied glucose levels. Theileria spp. infection was noticed in blood smear examination and confirmed by PCR. The goats responded well to the therapy using MIFEX™ and other supportive medications and showed uneventful recovery. ConclusionIt is suggested that the farmers should be vigilant enough while allowing goats to graze in unknown vegetation and prevent indiscriminate fodder intake during periods of drought. This is the first documented report of hypomagnesemic excitatory neurologic symptoms in Theileria spp. infected periparturient Malabari goats and showing response to appropriate therapy.

Ocular squamous cell carcinoma: A patho-morphological and AgNOR based diagnosis

A fifteen years old female buffalo was referred to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), RS Pura, Jammu, India with a history of purulent discharge and protruded mass from the right eye with an impaired vision for 30 days. On physical examination, there was ulcerated vesicular growth at the sclera corneal junction. Protruded mass was removed surgically and was taken for histopathological examination and AgNOR count. On histopathological studies, cells displayed severe anaplasia, pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, multiple nucleoli, and frequent mitotic figures and it was diagnosed as ocular squamous cell carcinoma. The value of mean and proliferative AgNOR for ocular squamous cell carcinoma was found to be 2.83±0.87 and 32%, respectively. Based on patho-morphological examination and AgNOR count, the protruded mass was led to the final diagnosis of ocular squamous cell carcinoma.

Hepatozoon Canis in Labrador Dog with Azotaemia and its Therapeutic Management

A 10-year-old female Labrador dog weighing around 30 kg was presented at Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai (Maharashtra). Previous history of oral medications of doxycycline that leads to vomition, recent tooth eruption which leads to anorexia, dull in appearance, lethargic. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia (103°F), pale mucous membrane, dehydration (+), azotemic. Upon blood reports revels low haemoglobin and platelet count and high kidney and liver enzyme values. The dogs were treated with inj. Imidocarb dipropionate @5 mg/ kg B.W. twice in month and inj. Metronidazole @ 20mg/kg B.W. for 10 days along with haematinics, liver tonics and antacids. Dogs showed complete recovery after 8 days of therapy.

Therapeutic Management of Canine Ehrlichiosis: Lesson Learned from Bareilly, India

The study was conducted on 5 dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Indian Veterinary Research Institute with history of anorexia, lethargy, weakness, high fever, vomiting, severe panting and heavy tick infestation. Physical examination of dogs revealed increased respiratory rate, pale mucus membrane and conjunctiva, dehydration and enlarged lymph nodes. Haematological finding showed marked anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Sonographic and radiographic investigation of the abdomen revealed splenomegaly and partial hepatomegaly. Parasitological examination found it positive for Ehrlichia canis and confirmed the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Dog was treated with doxycycline @ 10 mg/kg for 28 days in divided dose with supportive therapy. Dog showed marked recovery after 2 dose of doxycycline and re-examination of blood after 20 days gave negative results in rapid test kit.

Dystocia Due to Secondary Partial Uterine Inertia in a New Zealand White Rabbit

A one-year-old Doe weighing 1.2 kg was brought to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVAS, BHU-Mirzapur, with a history of giving birth to three dead bunnies 3 days before and after that not show any signs of kindling. Vulvul lips were swollen, congested and edematous. The Perineal area was smeared with uterine discharge. Doe had Inappetence dehydration for 3 days. Doe was previously treated with inj. oxytocin @ 1 to 3 IU I/M and inj. Epidosin @ 8mg/ kg I/M along with calcium gluconate @ 0.25 ml/kg slow I/V before 24 hrs. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of fetal mass. Lateral abdominal radiograph showed the presence of one fetus’s skeleton located in the pelvic cavity. Based on the history and obstetrical examination it was diagnosed as a case of dystocia due to secondary partial uterine inertia. A male dead bunny was relived through exploratory laparotomy under general anaesthesia (premeditated with inj. xylazine 5 mg/kg body weight and induction with isoflurane 3-5%). Doe had an uneventful recovery following exploratory laparotomy with proper postoperative care. Dystocia due to secondary partial uterine inertia is a rare case in rabbits and it can be managed through exploratory laparotomy with proper post-operative care.

Therapeutic management of pseudomalaria in a flock of pigeons with chloroquine.

Two Indian rock pigeons aged 2-3months presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Utter Pradesh with a history of decreased feed intake, twisting of the neck, and inability to fly. The same symptoms also caused the deaths of two other birds from the same flock. The bird seemed dull and depressed during a clinical examination, had ruffled feathers, a tilted head and circling. Examination of a faecal sample showed no intestinal parasites. Upon observation of a blood smear, many intracytoplasmic characteristic halter-shaped Hemoproteus columbae gametocytes could be detected. The case was diagnosed as pigeon pseudomalaria. The treatment was initiated with chloroquine@10mg/kg body weight in drinking water for 5days along with the multivitamin supplementation for one week. Permethrin spray was applied externally to the whole flock in the house to get rid of the fly vector. The clinical state of the birds was evaluated one week after initiation ofthe therapy. The pigeon had an uneventful recovery and the blood smear examination revealed no haemoparasites.

SUCCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF DEMODICOSIS IN DOG

A 5-month male Labrador dog weighing 10 kg was presented at Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra.History of skin infection, continuous itching, alopecia, bleeding from wounds and hair fall. In addition, there was also a history of incomplete deworming and vaccination. Clinical examination revealed the presence of papules, crusts, exudates from lesions, hyper pigmentation, folliculitis and cellulitis.Upon skin scrapings and hair pluck examination, the mites of Demodex spp. were identified.The dog was treated with oral Sarolaner, Moxidectin, and Pyrantel pamoate(Simparica), cephalexin @ 30 mg per kg b.wt. and supportive therapy using immunostimulant, essential fatty acids,and topical chlorhexidine gluconate and miconazole shampoo. Dog showed complete recovery after 90 days of therapy.

A Surgical Management and Histopathological Study of an Extensive Perianal Sebaceous Gland Adenitis in a Jersey Crossbred Cow

Introduction: Sebaceous gland adenitis is a rare condition found in large ruminants, eluding diagnosis and potentially progressing into neoplastic states if left untreated. The aim of the current study was to indicate the benefits of surgical excision of sebaceous gland adenitis in a Jersey crossbred cow. Case report: A 6-year-old Jersey crossbred cow weighing 300 kg was admitted to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India, in December 2022 with a soft tissue mass in the right vulval lip. Initially observed as a small skin bump, the condition had progressively worsened over 2 months, becoming an extensive mass contaminated with external debris and live maggots. Palpation revealed the mass to be firm without eliciting pain. The physiological parameters, such as rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were within normal limits. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters were normal. The mass was resected surgically, and the vulval lip was reconstructed. Postoperatively, the cow received a 5-day course of enrofloxacin (Enro, India) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight, along with 3 days of intramuscular meloxicam at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg body weight and topical application of antiseptic ointment (Lorexane, India). The animal had an uneventful recovery after 2 weeks. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis as sebaceous gland hyperplasia and chronic adenitis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that timely diagnosis and excision of the vulval tissue mass resulted in a complete recovery and preserved the animal's value. Chronic sebaceous gland adenitis may have a tendency to transform into a benign tumorous condition. The early presentation of the animal and successful surgical intervention prevented this transformation of sebaceous gland adenitis to a benign or malignant condition.

Selamectin Spot-on: A Cure for Scabies in Rabbits

Introduction: Mange in rabbits is a highly contagious zoonotic disease. The disease is caused mainly by Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes cuniculi, Cheyletiella parasitovorax, and Notoedres cati. The most common forms of this disease in rabbits are body and ear mange. Mites infest animals through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated. Case report: An 8-month-old non-descript female rabbit weighing about 700 g was presented to the Teaching Veterinary clinical complex, Mettupalayam, Puducherry, India, with a history of scratching, pruritus and dried crusty lesions on the margins of the ears, snout, around the eyes and legs and patchy hair loss for the past 15 days. Rectal temperature was 38.4°C, heart rate was 210 bpm, respiratory rate was 40 breaths/minute, and the color of the conjunctival mucous membrane was pink. Other signs included inappetence with normal voiding habits and a thin body condition. The collected skin scraping from the affected areas was examined under the microscope with a 10x objective lens, confirming the presence of live motile Sarcoptes spp. Mite species could be determined through the morphological characteristics (adult mites are nearly circular with short legs, and the third and fourth pairs do not project beyond the margin of the body with terminal anus) under the microscopic examination of the skin scrapings. Therefore, 6% selamectin was applied topically on a single spot at the base of the neck. Supportive therapy with multivitamin (vitamin A, D3, E, B12) drops was given orally at 1 ml per day. Conclusion: The rabbit responded well to the treatments within 2 weeks.

Clinical management of mammary carcinoma in dogs: Current scenario

Mammary carcinoma is one of the most common skin tumors of mammary gland area in canine. Fifty cases of mammary carcinoma were reported during the period of study at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex and Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology. Eighty animals were screened for selecting fifty mammary carcinoma and these are the subjects of present study population. The prevalence of tumors across the age groups were highest among 8 to 12 years, followed by 12 years and least in dogs below 8 years. Breed wise predisposition was highest among Labrador (36.67%), followed by Spitz and German shepherd (20% each), Mongrel (10%), Dachshund (6.67%), Rottweiler and beagle (3.33% each). More cases of mammary carcinoma were malignant (70%) with metastasis to regional lymph node a common finding. Malignancy criteria were size, hardness, of the tumor and metastasis to regional lymphocenter. Axillary lymph node for 1st, 2nd mammary gland tumor and inguinal, medial iliac lymph node for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th mammary gland were common site of regional metastasis. Most of the patient had clinical stage III tumor (30%) followed by stage II (23.33%). Three cases of stage IV mammary carcinoma were recorded in which three view thoracic radiography showed nodular opacities of the thorax and confirmed as positive sign of metastasis. Histopathologically, solid mammary carcinoma, fibroadenoma, adenocarcinoma were common types of carcinomas. Malignant mammary tumor dogs had significantly (p

Infrared Thermography as an Adjunct Tool for the Diagnosis of Fracture in a Racing Buffalo Bull: A Case Report

Introduction: Lameness is a severe clinical issue in racing animals, which can severely affect their health. Therefore, identifying the cause of the lameness is a crucial step in its diagnosis. Animals with subclinical etiologies are difficult to be identified in field conditions. Infrared thermal imaging is an advanced diagnostic tool for locating the injury site. Although sports injuries are regular in buffalo bulls used for traditional racing in villages, fracture diagnosis is challenging when regular clinical examination, lameness evaluation, and palpation of suspected areas fail to detect a sign. Hence, infrared red thermography can accurately localize the lameness region and locate the radiography area. Timely intervention with this technological tool can prevent further aggravation of the condition and relieve pain in the animal. 
 Case report: A 5-year-old buffalo bull was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex at Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India, on September 2021, with intermittent lameness exhibited in the right forelimb. However, the animal appeared healthy on detailed clinical, physiological, and hematological examinations. Using infrared thermal imaging, increased thermal activity was detected at the distal aspect of the right forearm region. The radiograph of the right forelimb revealed a hairline fracture in the distal part of the radius. The animal completely recovered after the treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and rest for three months.
 Conclusion: Infrared thermography is a simple and non-invasive method to identify the diseased location based on its thermal activity. In the present study, the correct location of the fracture site was discovered using infrared thermography.

Assessment of quinolone resistance in bacteria isolated from corneal ulcers in dogs

Corneal ulcers or ulcerative keratitis is the loss of continuity of corneal epithelium leading to exposure of corneal stroma. It is a highly painful condition in dogs. The common aetiological agents responsible for this condition are bacteria and for treatment, antibiotics are widely used. Indiscriminate and prolonged use of antibiotics can cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. The present communication deals with the isolation of bacteria from corneal ulcers in dogs and the assessment of quinolone resistance. A total of 15 corneal swab samples were collected from dogs suffering from corneal ulcers, presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy. They were inoculated on to brain heart infusion agar as well as blood agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h for the isolation of aerobic bacteria. Eighteen isolates obtained were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test by disc diffusion method using the quinolone group of antibiotics, viz. ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Majority of the isolates exhibited varying resistance to these antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify gyrA gene, which is reported to be one of the reasons responsible for quinolone resistance with respect to its mutation. Seven out of the 18 isolates amplified gyrA gene. The amplicon obtained corresponding to a representative sample, which was found resistant by disc diffusion method was sequenced and a single point mutation was detected.

Fresh preserved canine amniotic membrane (CAM ) as graft for surgical management of melting corneal ulcer/ keratomalacia in a dog

A four-year-old female Spitz with signs of blepharospasm, ocular discolouration, corneal oedema, gelatinisation of cornea and epiphora from the right eye, for 20 days was presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Pookode. Fluorescein dye test (FDT) revealed intense staining of the cornea. The condition was diagnosed as keratomalacia. Under general anaesthesia, fresh preserved canine amniotic membrane (CAM) transplantation was performed along with a third eyelid flap. Antibiotic eye drops and supportives were initiated. Monitoring of corneal healing was done on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 45thdays, post-surgery. FDT turned negative on day 20. Conjunctival hyperaemia, pannus, corneal opacity and oedema improved postoperatively, resulting in good corneal clarity, fundic reflection and normal vision by day 45. The present article reports the successful management of keratomalacia using CAM as graft.

Epidemiological study of pyoderma in dogs of Thrissur district

Pyoderma, refers to any clinical picture that results in the accumulation of neutrophilic exudates of varying degrees in conjunction with a bacterial infection. A longitudinal study was conducted among 178 dogs brought to the small animal dermatology unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy and University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai, Thrissur, Kerala to document the age, breed and sex predispositions and to identify any environmental influence or managemental practice that predisposes to pyoderma. The overall prevalence of pyoderma was 7.5 per cent. Statistical analyses using Chi square test revealed that there was significant difference in the proportion of animals affected with pyoderma among different categories of age, breed, housing system, bathing practices, kennel hygiene, access to oral coat conditioners and feed supplements. The distribution of animals affected with pyoderma was statistically significant between different seasons also. The condition was commonest in dogs between one to three years of age (46.07 per cent). The Labrador retrievers were more predisposed to developing pyoderma. More females (53.37 per cent) were infected when compared to males (46.63 per cent). Majority of the cases (52.25 per cent) were housed outdoors in a separate kennel and were bathed (68.54 per cent) regularly and groomed (36.52 per cent) at least once a month. The analyses of the epidemiological profile of dogs affected with pyoderma revealed that apart from the host factors, the environmental and managemental aspects also plays an important role in the occurrence of pyoderma.

Canine parvo viral enteritis in dogs: Diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation

A total of 110 dogs presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.), India with the history of enteritis/gastroenteritis were screened for Canine Parvovirus (CPV). Out of these 110 dogs, 48 dogs were found positive for CPV by using Scanvet - a rapid antigen detection kit. All the 110 samples were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to check whether there were some cases that were false positive or false negative by Scanvet. Positive cases were, then, divided into 4 groups of 12 dogs each, with 4 different treatment regimens followed for each group. In addition to standard treatment protocol, our study tested effect of immunomodulators (Vitamin E & Selenium) and antiviral “Oseltamivir” on recovery of dogs. This type of study (using Oseltamivir and immunomodulators) was not done previously in the state and hence, our aim was to test whether this treatment increases survivability and recovery rate for dogs with Parvoviral enteritis in Himachal Pradesh. Groups containing immunomodulators were more efficacious than their counterparts without immunomodulators. Addition of Oseltamivir and immunomodulators to standard therapy resulted in reduced mortality, cessation of diarrhoea and vomiting earlier than routine therapy. Scanvet diagnostic kit was found to be a quick alternate method for diagnosis of Parvo Viral Enteritis. Overall, the group treated with antibiotic+ supportive+ symptomatic+ antiviral treatment along with immunomodulator displayed promising results.

Successful Management of Left Sided Post-Cervical Uterine Torsion in Goat with Modified Schaffer’s Method

A Non-descript doe with completion of gestation period with the history of straining, restlessness and engorged udder was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir. Per-vaginal examination revealed that the Goat has post-cervical left sided uterine torsion of more than 180° which was successfully treated by modified Schaffer’s method. The live female kid was delivered with gentle traction. An uneventful recovery was seen after the kidding and treatment with Antibiotic and Supportive therapy for three days.

Clinico-pathological Alterations of Pyometra in Cat

Background: Pyometra is an infectious condition characterized by a pus-filled uterus, which basically developed due to hormonal, anatomical and physiological changes and the inside environment of the queen uterus help to grow the opportunistic pathogen. The aim of the present study was made to assess the haemato-biochemical changes of pyometra in infected queens. Methods: The study was carried out in 12 clinical cases of cat with a history of lethargy, depression, inappetence, polydipsia, occasional vomition and vaginal discharge, presented for treatment at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram. The presumptive clinical diagnosis of pyometra was made based on history, clinical signs and imaging techniques. The involvement of the pathogen was further confirmed by microbial examination of the pus-filled uterus after the ovariohysterectomy. Result: The study revealed alterations in the total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume in pyometra cases. The leucogram revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Biochemical analysis revealed hyperprotenemia, increased liver enzymes and BUN and creatinine. The major pathogens involved in pyometra infected queens are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Pasteurella. The analysis of various parameters indicated that haemato-biochemical analysis may be good prognostic markers for feline pyometra.