Instructive Example Research Articles

Digital learning: Differentiated teaching models using ICTS in Greek context – good practices: “I learn Europe through its cultural tradition: Traditional gastronomy products and traditional games Alanas"

It is supported by modern pedagogy for individuals with special needs to be included in regular classroom settings. A free public school is accessible to everyone. A nation's cultural traditions evolve and are largely preserved through intergenerational learning, or the transfer of information from one generation to the next. The use of new technologies in education can help achieve this goal by converting traditional instruction into differentiated instruction that adjusts to the unique needs, skills, interests, and experiences of each student. This creates learning environments where students can approach the material at their own pace and convenience. This project offers an example of customized instruction within a cultural heritage project.

Opportunities for changing teacher norms vary by underlying factors in teachers' selves, situations, standards, and society

Teachers are pivotal to any efforts to raise the devastatingly low levels of foundational learning that persist across much of the Global South. However, in many education systems, teachers are not equipped with the resources needed for effecting such change. Moreover, numerous reforms have failed to change either children's learning levels or the teacher norms that inadvertently contribute to low learning levels. Moving beyond these circumstances requires an understanding of the factors underlying such norms and of how these factors affect opportunities for changing teacher norms. I examine this question by analyzing the transcripts of interviews with 14 pairs of interlocutors from various contexts who have complementary expertise related to teacher norms. Based on this analysis, I develop a conceptual framework for mapping the factors that sustain teacher norms onto four domains of teachers' experiences: selves (“what I value”), situations (“what can be done”), standards (“what those in charge expect”), and society (broader influences). Different configurations of underlying factors can yield different types of norms: coherent norms, compromise norms, and contestation norms. Drawing on the interviews, I illustrate coherence, compromise, and contestation by discussing examples of teaching narrowly to certain standards and being absent from the classroom during scheduled lessons. Each type of norm offers distinct opportunities for changing the status quo by influencing particular aspects of teachers' selves, situations, and standards. Additionally, one broader opportunity for change is reshaping societal narratives about education and the teaching profession.

Examples and Counterexamples of Renormalizability of an EFT in the Nonperturbative Regime

An important feature of an effective field theory is its renormalizability, which implies that one can apply a certain power counting to renormalized quantities and perform a systematic expansion of the calculated observables in terms of some small parameter. When nonperturbative effects become relevant, the requirement of renormalizability imposes nontrivial constraints on a choice of the effective interaction and the renormalization scheme. We discuss several instructive examples and counterexamples of renormalizability to illustrate potential issues one has to deal with in realistic calculations such as nuclear chiral effective field theory.

Pedagogical interventions to support student belonging and employability in large cohorts: four case studies.

Employability is not just about focusing on workplace experience but about developing social and cultural capital through students’ learning. Pedagogies are central to that development (Pegg, 2012). Pedagogies that encourage collective activity, networking and the building of a sense of belonging whilst preparing students for the reality of the workplace are valuable. This paper outlines four course case study examples of pedagogies that separately strengthen qualities and skills that enhance students’ employability. The curricular and pedagogic practices of each are examined, and significant themes from each are then synthesised. Together they demonstrate how thoughtful course design and inclusive pedagogic approaches support the development of students’ professional identity and the building of their employability skills. The common themes focused on self-directed, student-centred, authentic learning, encouraging students i) to work with industry and communities to build early professional networks, ii) engage in connected learning where the curriculum and its supporting activities and pedagogy facilitate collaborative learning, iii) develop confidence, sense of belonging and professional identities through using inclusive collaborative learning approaches. In addition, six practical pedagogic principles (i-vi) are identified for course teams to utilise. These include i) focus on inclusive practice, ii) building students’ professional identity, iii) developing students’ belonging, iv) deep critical thinking v) the demystification of the workplace through the activities selected vi) students leading their own learning. This paper concludes by suggesting a series of reflective questions (mapped to each principle) for educational developers to consider as they design future learning activities which foster employability skills.

Higher-order connection Laplacians for directed simplicial complexes

Higher-order networks encode the many-body interactions existing in complex systems, such as the brain, protein complexes, and social interactions. Simplicial complexes are higher-order networks that allow a comprehensive investigation of the interplay between topology and dynamics. However, simplicial complexes have the limitation that they only capture undirected higher-order interactions while in real-world scenarios, often there is a need to introduce the direction of simplices, extending the popular notion of direction of edges. On graphs and networks the Magnetic Laplacian, a special case of connection Laplacian, is becoming a popular operator to address edge directionality. Here we tackle the challenge of handling directionality in simplicial complexes by formulating higher-order connection Laplacians taking into account the configurations induced by the simplices’ directions. Specifically, we define all the connection Laplacians of directed simplicial complexes of dimension two and we discuss the induced higher-order diffusion dynamics by considering instructive synthetic examples of simplicial complexes. The proposed higher-order diffusion processes can be adopted in real scenarios when we want to consider higher-order diffusion displaying non-trivial frustration effects due to conflicting directionalities of the incident simplices.

Atypical postmortem redistribution in chronic methadone consumers.

Available literature demonstrates that methadone is prone to moderate postmortem redistribution, but subject to high interindividual variability in the central to peripheral blood concentration ratios (C/P). In this case series, 10 cases of chronic methadone users displaying C/P < 1 (range 0.26-0.82) are described. Femoral, cardiac and ante-mortem blood concentrations of methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) are reported for all cases, as well as sex, age, case history, results of the pathological investigation, other toxicological findings and cause and manner of death. EDDP blood concentrations, similar in both central and peripheral blood, as well as antemortem blood concentration results in Case 4, demonstrate that this atypical C/P < 1 finding is attributable to postmortem changes and not analytical or pre-analytical artifacts. Case 4 is a particularly instructive example, with femoral blood concentration (966 ng/mL) approximately twice as high as cardiac blood (499 ng/mL) and ante-mortem blood (418 ng/mL, collected 38 min prior to death)-clearly demonstrating that cardiac blood methadone concentration is more representative of the antemortem blood concentration in this case. In Case 4 and four others, toxicological interpretation based on femoral blood concentration alone would have been misleading. Based on these results and evidence from the literature, it is hypothesized that methadone bioaccumulates in the tissues of chronic users and redistributes from thigh tissues into femoral blood, increasing the concentration postmortem. This case series highlights how femoral blood is not always preserved from postmortem changes and that the analysis of multiple blood sources is necessary to avoid a misleading toxicological interpretation-particularly for cases of chronic methadone users.

The Impact of Unemployment on Economic Development: Georgia's Example

This study explores the intricate relationship between unemployment and economic development, with a specific focus on the case of Georgia. High unemployment rates often signal economic challenges within a nation, and their consequences can extend far beyond the labor market. By examining Georgia's experience, this research aims to shed light on the multifaceted impact of unemployment on various facets of economic growth.&#x0D; Drawing from statistical data and regression analysis, this study investigates the causal links between unemployment levels and key economic indicators. It delves into how unemployment rates influence factors such as GDP growth, income inequality, social welfare programs, and overall societal well-being.&#x0D; Furthermore, the study delves into the policy measures implemented in Georgia to combat unemployment and foster sustainable economic development. It scrutinizes the effectiveness of these policies, identifying successes and areas requiring improvement.&#x0D; The insights gained from this analysis not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between unemployment and economic development but also provide valuable lessons for policymakers and stakeholders in Georgia and other regions grappling with similar challenges. As nations worldwide seek to navigate the complex terrain of labor market dynamics and economic prosperity, the case of Georgia serves as an instructive example, highlighting the significance of addressing unemployment as a critical component of a nation's economic growth strategy.

An exercise in experimental mathematics: calculation of the algebraic entropy of a map

We illustrate the use of the notion of derived recurrences introduced earlier to evaluate the algebraic entropy of self-maps of projective spaces. We in particular give an example, where a complete proof is still awaited, but where different approaches are in such perfect agreement that we can trust we get to an exact result. This is an instructive example of experimental mathematics.

Deep Learning-Based Weed–Crop Recognition for Smart Agricultural Equipment: A Review

Weeds and crops engage in a relentless battle for the same resources, leading to potential reductions in crop yields and increased agricultural costs. Traditional methods of weed control, such as heavy herbicide use, come with the drawback of promoting weed resistance and environmental pollution. As the demand for pollution-free and organic agricultural products rises, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions. The emergence of smart agricultural equipment, including intelligent robots, unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite technology, proves to be pivotal in addressing weed-related challenges. The effectiveness of smart agricultural equipment, however, hinges on accurate detection, a task influenced by various factors, like growth stages, environmental conditions and shading. To achieve precise crop identification, it is essential to employ suitable sensors and optimized algorithms. Deep learning plays a crucial role in enhancing weed recognition accuracy. This advancement enables targeted actions such as minimal pesticide spraying or precise laser excision of weeds, effectively reducing the overall cost of agricultural production. This paper provides a thorough overview of the application of deep learning for crop and weed recognition in smart agricultural equipment. Starting with an overview of intelligent agricultural tools, sensors and identification algorithms, the discussion delves into instructive examples, showcasing the technology’s prowess in distinguishing between weeds and crops. The narrative highlights recent breakthroughs in automated technologies for precision plant identification while acknowledging existing challenges and proposing prospects. By marrying cutting-edge technology with sustainable agricultural practices, the adoption of intelligent equipment presents a promising path toward efficient and eco-friendly weed management in modern agriculture.

Conceptualisation of Open Educational Resources, Audiovisual Resources and Electronic Information Resources: A Literature-based Study of Selected Academic Libraries in Ebonyi State Nigeria

Teaching, learning and research at every level of the education system cannot be successful without appropriate resources. Adequate, quality resources are not readily available, especially in resource-constrained countries like Nigeria. These resources come in various formats (physically and/or electronically). Audiovisual resources (AVRs), electronic information resources (EIRs) and open educational resources (OERs) are examples of teaching and learning materials that could be procured by educational institutions and accessed by students and other members of the academic community. The instrument for data collection was a literature review directed to the librarians of the selected university libraries. The educational resources—in terms of availability and usage—were presented in tables comparatively. Findings show that each of the three university libraries has certain types of AVR, EIR and OER, which are available for students’ use. Strategies for the effective use of these educational resources in Nigeria’s academic libraries were discussed. It is recommended that adequate learning facilities, other than books, be provided by the government or private individual owners of the academic libraries in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. There is also a need for academic librarians and users to keep themselves abreast of the skills necessary for the appropriate use of educational resources (subscription or free-based) in the institutions where they are available.

University Work Experiences in International Development: Expanding Locations, Spaces and Pathways

How can university work experiences contribute to reframing International Development from expert saviourism rooted in colonial legacies into a project of social justice and global solidarity? In this article, I propose the design of work-experiential pedagogies that integrate practical work experiences with critical theoretical teaching and an emphasis on students’ experiential knowledge. Such pedagogies call for an expansion of the forms of university work experiences, challenging students to reflect on their manifold personal and institutional locations, to explore the diverse spaces in which work experiences can take place and to experiment with multiple pathways for change. My proposal draws on teaching examples and student journeys at my home university in the UK.

Disputed expertise and chaotic disinformation: COVID-19 and denialist physicians in Brazil.

This article aims to show how incorrect ideas about COVID-19 were promoted by physicians in Brazil, contributing to a catastrophic response at the cost of hundreds of thousands of lives, and to examine the implications of this episode for the social studies of science, technology and medicine. The literature on the relationship between science and society takes two broad approaches, which are sometimes at odds with each other: (i) there is a traditional critique of science that points to unsupported claims of certainty and thus undue interference in general human affairs; (ii) there are many examples of attempts to undermine reasonable scientific claims, when they clash with economic and/or political interests of certain groups. Navigating those extremes is particularly critical in situations in which accurate knowledge is necessary for intervening in people's lives, as is the case in health-related issues. Determining who has actual epistemic expertise is a key factor in solving this conundrum. This became painfully clear during the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the uncertainties of science in guiding decisions being made in real time, and provided opportunities for many forms of disinformation and conspiracy theories that hampered public health measures and promoted useless or even dangerous "treatments". This article discusses an instructive example of such developments in the chaotic response to the pandemic challenge in Brazil, which saw, among other unfortunate situations, physicians aligned with the denialist federal government advocating for unproven - or proven as ineffective - treatments and disseminating unfounded doubts about vaccines. Presumed expertise on the basis of professional training clearly did not translate into actual expertise in the necessary domains to ascertain the validity of such claims and scientific advice was overridden by ideology.

Transforming Technical Education: A Framework for Integrating AR/VR to Enhance Teaching and Learning in Universities

University students need virtual reality and augmented reality since these technologies revolutionize the current learning process. What once was a dream is now a reality for students: with VR, one can enter virtual labs and conduct experiments or witness some ideas being depicted in a non-complex manner. AR in contrast overlays digital information to reality such as whilst in class the use of a screen on an object to enhance learning. They assist learners in handling the content in their own time and abilities, cooperation among students and acquiring job market skills. However, there are barriers in the integration of VR and AR technologies in education for example, cost, requisite technology, and teacher education. These challenges are discussed in this study and the potential of VR and AR in changing the face of higher education is discussed.

A127: Difficulties Facing and Coping Strategies of Physical Education and Health Interdisciplinary Teaching in China

Purpose: In response to the national demand for compound talents, “Physical Education (PE) and Health Curriculum (2022 version) for Compulsory Education” proposes to include interdisciplinary teaching in five major courses in China. Due to the lack of course cases for reference, there’s a certain gap between interdisciplinary theory and practice. Therefore, it’s urgent to analyze the difficulties faced by interdisciplinary teaching and find out the coping strategies. Methods: By using keywords such as "interdisciplinary teaching," "PE and health curriculum," and "interdisciplinary," this study collected and studied 39 articles from CNKI, Web of Science, Scopus, and other databases, and analyzed the development process, problems, and countermeasures of interdisciplinary teaching in various countries. Results: Analyses revealed difficulties of implementing interdisciplinary teaching, including (1) unbalanced instructional materials and resources, (2) teachers’ lack of understanding of theory and practice regarding interdisciplinary teaching, (3) overlapped curriculum content, (4) lack of real integration in the classroom, and (5) lack of scientific evaluations. Coping strategies were: (1) Cooperation between internal and external organizations responsible for resource supply, (2) Carry out pre-service and in-service teachers’ training, (3) modifications of PE Curriculum, and (4) establish an evaluation system. Conclusion: To promote interdisciplinary teaching in physical education and health in the future, schools are recommended to cooperate with external institutions and universities to explore the theoretical basis and internal logic of thematic learning design of interdisciplinary projects. Also, schools may build a solid learning community for PE teachers, innovate PE curriculum models, share instructional examples, and create evaluation mechanisms to solve current problems.

Establishment and Application of Evaluation System for Objective Management of Music and Aesthetic Education Teaching in Colleges and Universities

Abstract Addressing current challenges in music aesthetic education at colleges and universities, this study introduces an evaluation system rooted in hierarchical analysis to advance goal management in teaching. Expert consensus guided the selection and weighting of evaluation indices across a province’s higher education landscape. Implementing this system through information technology and data analysis software, our research analyzed teaching examples to gauge effectiveness. Results demonstrated improved teaching quality, with experimental and control groups showing average score increases of 1.24 and 1.03 points, respectively. This underscores the system’s potential to elevate the management and organization of music aesthetic education, contributing valuable insights to its evaluation theory and enhancing educational quality in Chinese colleges and universities.

Prevention of peer violence by implementing teaching contents: Example of literature instruction in primary school

Prevention of peer violence by implementing teaching contents: Example of literature instruction in primary school

생성형 인공지능을 활용한 초등 진로교육 프로그램 개발 기초연구

This study aimed to establish a basic needs analysis and set program development directions for an elementary career education program using generative artificial intelligence. To that end, a needs analysis was conducted involving an expert panel comprising 13 elementary school teachers with master's degrees in career education. This analysis informed the development of an elementary career education employing generative artificial intelligence. The program’s development direction was then set.&#x0D; The findings revealed a strong consensus among participants on the necessity of integrating generative artificial intelligence into elementary school career education. Participants also acknowledged the high potential of using it for specific goals. Moreover, the validity of most sample topics for elementary career education topics using generative artificial intelligence was found to be high.&#x0D; Drawing on these findings, the direction for elementary career education employing generative artificial intelligence was established. This includes a proposed 8-session program using generative artificial intelligence, including examples of teaching and learning guidance as well as corresponding worksheets.

Successful examples of asynchronous teaching in Polish interactive remote medical education

A thorough theoretical and practical preparation is crucial in the education of medical professionals. Present-day knowledge recipients expect a broad range of multimedia and interactive resources in the consumed media. The article discusses examples of such implementations for the nationwide education of a pharmacy technician, massage technician, medical sterilization technician, and occupational therapy technician. These examples were created for the Integrated Education Platform of the Ministry of Education and Science in Poland, as part of an EU-funded project. This study delineates the characteristics of e-materials, such as instructional and educational videos, film sequences, scenario-based learning games, interactive documentation, 3D animations, simulators and virtual tours. We prepared a learner benefit analysis based on the e-materials discussed. We aimed to formulate recommendations and guidelines for designing and developing multimedia and interactive resources, paying special attention to educational values and content for the medical industry. Regardless of the type of multimedia, profession and content, materials should prioritize realism, interactivity and detailed presentation of the situations/cases. The same multimedia rarely achieve different learning objectives and learning outcomes. To design and produce high-quality multimedia, it is necessary to know their characteristics and to work with a team of subject matter experts experienced in e-learning development.

The Energy of Non-Simple Stories: Humanities in the Form of Pedagogy and Educational Research

In the article, I put forward the thesis that research based on scientistic assumptions (in the sense of the tendency to make the humanities and social sciences similar to natural sciences, that is: based on ontological and methodological naturalism) is marginal and only auxiliary importance in the exploration of human practices (I consider it on the example of pedagogy as the science of a subjective and communicational undertaking called education). I argue that when the scientistic model of research becomes dominant – as it is nowadays – it obscures the basic subject of pedagogical research: education. As a result, the public image of education is reduced and distorted.

How to teach about sustainable development in physical education? Examples from the perspectives of certified teachers in Sweden

IntroductionTeachers have a vital role in educating and empowering students to become informed and active agents of change in promoting sustainable development (SD). Little is known what PE teachers teach about SD. The aim of the present study was to explore what certified compulsory school and upper-secondary school physical education (PE) teachers in Sweden teach about SD within their practice.MethodsAn online survey was used to collect data about background information and what the PE teachers had taught about SD in PE. Data from 653 PE teachers was used and the teaching examples were analyzed through thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in eight themes: Equality, inclusion, and norms, Exploring the local environment, Outdoor education and care of nature, Interdisciplinary projects, Picking waste and recycling, Sustainable bodies, Sustainable lifestyles, health and well-being, and Sustainable use of products and consumption.DiscussionThe findings suggest that PE can have distinct subject-specific contribution to aspects of the SD agenda, but also a role to empower students of how movement, exercise, and sport can be embedded within a broader ecological perspective. Furthermore, the described themes may open for research about what competences that are particularly relevant for PE teachers in the context of SD.