Teacher-centered Teaching Research Articles

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER’S TEACHING STYLE AND THE PERCEPTIBLE MOTIVATIONAL LEVEL OF THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

The goals of physical education teaching today go beyond achieving psychomotor activity in the classroom. The most crucial objective of the subject is to develop the child's need for physical activity both in the classroom and outside the school environment. To achieve this, physical activity motivation must become intrinsic, which physical education teachers can help achieve by using teaching styles and methods that promote autonomy and ensure that each pupil has the opportunity to develop. In our research, based on the answers to the questionnaire validated by the Hungarian Student Sports Federation, we selected physical education teachers with a predominantly student-centered or predominantly teacher-centered teaching style. We asked a sample of physical education teachers about their attitudes and sporting habits toward physical education lessons using a PMCSQ-2 questionnaire. The results confirmed the motivational effects of student-centered teaching styles.

Designing and implementation of a mobile application for teaching population oral health needs assessment for dental students; a non-randomized trial

ObjectiveThis study investigates the effectiveness of a newly developed smartphone-based application for teaching population oral health needs assessment to undergraduate dental students.MethodsTarget population in this study consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti School of dentistry in the 7th and 8th semesters in the year 2023. The intervention group (7th semester) received teaching about population oral health needs assessment based on the book “Oral health surveys; basic methods”, by means of an application, while the control group (8th semester) received the same content through self-learning activity. A questionnaire inquiring about the students’ general aspects of smartphone usage, attitude towards learning based on mobile devices (m-learning), and level of knowledge about the content of the book was used for data collection.ResultsMost dental students used smartphones extensively and expressed positive attitudes toward mobile learning with no significant statistical difference between intervention and control groups. However, both groups demonstrated limited knowledge gain from the book content, with the mobile application showing no superiority to self-learning education.ConclusionThe present study did not demonstrate superior effectiveness of a smartphone app compared to traditional teacher-centered instruction, but the students’ significant mobile usage and positive attitude towards m-learning suggest potential for further investigation in dental education.

Exploring medical educators’ perspectives on teaching effectiveness and student learning

BackgroundMedical education in resource-constrained settings such as Pakistan faces significant challenges, including large class sizes, limited resources, and reliance on traditional teacher-centered pedagogies. These factors hinder effective learning and fail to equip students with the critical thinking and practical skills essential for modern medical practice. Educators play a fundamental role in shaping student experiences but often struggle to adopt student-centred methodologies due to insufficient training, resource limitations, and institutional constraints. This study aimed to explore medical educators’ teaching approaches, their perceptions of their effectiveness, and the challenges they face in implementing modern pedagogical techniques.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted. First, the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI) was administered to 130 medical and dental educators in Karachi, Pakistan (71% response rate, n = 93), assessing teacher-centered (Information Transmission/Teacher-Focused, ITTF) versus student-centered (Conceptual Change/Student-Focused, CCSF) approaches. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 educators purposively selected from the initial sample. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and Mann-Whitney U tests. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes.ResultsThe quantitative results demonstrated that educators often use a blended teaching approach. No significant gender differences were found in teaching experience or teacher-centric scores; however, female educators scored higher on the student-centric approach (p = 0.001). Qualitative analysis identified themes: (1) teachers as catalysts for student transformation, emphasising mentorship and practical learning; (2) curriculum challenges and the need for faculty development, highlighting dissatisfaction with outdated curricula and assessments focused on rote memorisation; and (3) teaching practices advocating for interactive methods and continuous assessment aligned with practical clinical skills. Educators expressed a desire for faculty development programs to support student-centered learning.ConclusionsMedical educators recognise the importance of student-centred approaches but face significant challenges due to institutional pressures, outdated curricula, and inadequate assessment methods. There is a critical need for curriculum reform, adoption of continuous formative assessments, and faculty development programs to enhance teaching effectiveness. Institutions should promote environments that value pedagogical excellence and support innovative teaching practices. Aligning educators’ perceptions with actual teaching practices is essential to improve medical education and prepare students for professional practice.

Attainable pedagogical practices for contexts of poverty: a South African case study

ABSTRACT Curricula in ‘developing’ country classrooms have long attempted unsuccessfully to replace teacher-centred pedagogy (TCP) with learner-centred pedagogy (LCP). This South African case study treated TCP as a realistic pathway for improving student achievement in its societal context. The ex post facto mixed methods analysis combined experimental design principles with qualitative classroom observation of a teacher in a poor township whose grade 9 students had high achievement gains, using Guthrie’s Teaching Styles Model and Schweisfurth’s learner-centred minimum standards. Well-established dialogic routines with frequent closed questions emphasised memorisation of basic facts and principles required by the stipulative science curriculum. The study is a ‘proof of concept’ for qualitative research to identify successful, contextually appropriate classroom techniques in other South African schools and possibly those in similar contexts elsewhere. The study also illustrates international controversies over the merits of different types of curricula, associated pedagogy, and the embedded cultural and societal issues.

Rethinking English Language Pedagogy: An Exploration of the gaps in Traditional Language Teaching Methods

Effective English language instruction is crucial for equipping students with the language skills needed for communication in an increasingly interconnected world. However, traditional English language teaching methods have faced criticism for their limitations in promoting communicative competence and overall English language proficiency. This qualitative study aimed to explore the efficacy of traditional English language teaching methods in secondary schools, revealing significant gaps in instructional approaches. Semi-structured interviews with six English language teachers and two officials from the National Curriculum Development Center (NCDC) provided rich insights into the limitations of Traditional Methods of Instruction (TMI). Thematic analysis revealed four major gaps: (1) inadequate integration of the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), (2) predominantly teacher-centered instruction, (3) a detrimental impact on students' English language learning experiences, and (4) failure to accommodate learners' interests. The findings suggest that traditional English language teaching methods prioritize rote memorization of English language concepts over communicative competence, leading to disengagement and limited language proficiency. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on English language teaching reform, advocating for a paradigm shift towards more effective, learner-centered and interactive approaches.

Principles of ESP Teaching Activity Design - Taking Industrial Design English as an Example

Contemporary university English instruction typically exhibits issues such as antiquated pedagogical notions and a monolithic teaching approach. Conventional teacher-centered instruction, characterised by a lack of interactivity and an inability to completely engage students’ drive to learn, directly results in students' inefficacy in the classroom and suboptimal teaching outcomes, a phenomenon also observed in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction. Crafting effective instructional activities that engage students actively and stimulate their interest can augment both learning efficiency and teaching effectiveness.

The Influence of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Liveworksheets on the Critical Thinking Skills of 11th-grade Students in Biology Subjects

Education equips individuals with intellectual intelligence, good attitudes, and skills that benefit both themselves and their surroundings in the future. The problem-based learning model encourages students to develop critical thinking skills. In biology learning, a shift is necessary from teacher-centered instruction to student-centered learning. This study aims to examine the influence of the problem-based learning model assisted by Liveworksheets on the respiratory system material. Liveworksheets introduce an innovative and engaging approach to problem-solving through features like video and audio clips, designed to maximize students' critical thinking skills. This quantitative research employed a quasi-experimental method. The population consisted of all 105 11th-grade science students at SMA N 08 Bandar Lampung, distributed across four classes. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling, with class XI IPA 2 as the control group and class XI IPA 4 as the experimental group. Data were analyzed using an Independent Sample T-Test to test the hypotheses. The normality test was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test to determine whether the data followed a normal distribution, while the homogeneity of variance test assessed the uniformity of data variances. The results revealed a significant influence of the problem-based learning model assisted by Liveworksheets on the critical thinking skills of 11th-grade students studying the respiratory system at SMA N 08 Bandar Lampung. This was indicated by a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of H1. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the problem-based learning model assisted by Liveworksheets in enhancing students' critical thinking abilities.

Mixed teaching pedagogy for fashion merchandising students: an exploratory investigation of flipped- and lecture-based learning in retail mathematics courses

ABSTRACT Teaching is a dynamic process that enhances knowledge and skills to maximise a student’s performance. However, lecture-based Teacher-Centered Pedagogy (TCP) can be ineffective in engaging students. Studies have shown that mixed teaching pedagogy (MTP) is more effective. In this study, we implemented flipped- and lecture-based learning to compare their effectiveness in retail math, one of the more challenging courses for fashion merchandising majors. Students from a southeastern university were taught using either MTP or TCP. Students’ responses and test scores (N = 73) were analysed to compare the outcomes of these two approaches. The statistical analysis of students’ final exam scores confirmed that MTP was more effective than the traditional lecture-based TCP. The findings of this study contribute to the literature by endorsing MTP as an effective strategy for retail mathematics education.

What is Most and Least Enjoyable in the EFL Classroom? A Large-scale Inductive Qualitative Study

The growing emphasis on learner well-being and the flourishing of positive psychology in foreign language (FL) education have caused a recent upsurge of research into enjoyment in FL learning. However, most existing studies are quantitative in nature and many focus on tertiary-level/adult learners. Featuring an inductive qualitative design, the current study investigated what 486 grade 7 English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners perceived to be most and least enjoyable in class in the context of Hong Kong. In total, 1031 aspect responses together with 1086 reasons were collated. The responses were categorized into 36 groups, leading to the emergence of five themes (from most to least popular): activities, classroom characteristics, teachers, students, and materials. The most commonly mentioned areas of highest enjoyment were use of multimedia and speaking-related activities, while those of least enjoyment were class exercises and assessments. Teacher-centred instruction was a popular category in both aspects of enjoyment. Activities accounted for close to 90% of the responses, in both the most and least enjoyable categories. This is noteworthy as activities are not very clearly represented in many existing FL classroom enjoyment scales, hence suggesting a need to reconceptualize what enjoyment in the FL classroom means for learners from their perspectives.

The Impact of Educational Transformation and Social Media on Students’ Achievement

The traditional education system, characterized by teacher-centered instruction and standardized curricula, is increasingly seen as inadequate for developing essential 21st-century skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, and adaptability. In response, educational transformation has emerged, driven by technological advancements and the increasing use of social media. This study explores the impact of educational transformation, focusing on how social media fosters collaborative learning, enhances digital literacy, and supports student engagement. While social media has become a powerful tool in reshaping the educational landscape, challenges such as privacy concerns, digital distractions, and misinformation remain significant. By analyzing current research, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how social media can both enhance and hinder educational outcomes. The study also highlights the importance of developing strategies to maximize the benefits of social media while addressing its risks, ultimately contributing to the ongoing transformation of education.

Exploration of Teaching Reform of Data Collection and Web Crawler Course Based on PDCA Cycle

The course of Data Collection and Web Crawler is highly practical and students are generally interested in learning it. However, the traditional teacher-centered teaching model focuses on knowledge transfer, which cannot meet the social demand for big data talents. PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is the ideological basis of total quality management, which accords with the inherent law of teaching quality management. With "students" as the core and based on PDCA cycle, this paper carries out reform design from four processes of Plan, Do, Check and Act. The four stages of PDCA cycle correspond to the design, implementation, evaluation and reflection of teaching. The “Plan” part includes the design of teaching objectives and the design of teaching content. The teaching objectives are divided into knowledge objectives, ability objectives and quality objectives, while the design of teaching content can be summarized as addition, subtraction, adjustment and integration. The “Do” part mainly adopts a variety of teaching methods, such as the combination of theory and experiment, the combination of online and offline, the combination of group and individual reports. The “Check” part adopts a variety of evaluation methods, including examination, operation and reporting, to comprehensively evaluate students' knowledge, abilities and qualities. The “Act” part is mainly about standardizing successful methods, documenting existing problems to avoid repeat offenses, and transferring unresolved problems to the next cycle. Under the new teaching mode, the teaching is student-centered, giving full play to students' subjective initiative, and improving their ability and quality while mastering knowledge.

Supporting teachers in implementing project-based learning in teaching secondary mathematics: An action research

In the context of Nepal, most mathematics teachers at the secondary level are still using conventional teacher-centred pedagogy. It is assumed that teachers' pedagogy might enhance learners' engagement in learning mathematics and build conceptual understanding. Project-based learning (PBL) is a student-centred pedagogy that can remove misconceptions about content knowledge, enhance engaged learning, and support teachers in developing pedagogical skills. The study tried to reform the pedagogical practice of teachers using conventional teacher-centred pedagogy in teaching mathematics. The action research was conducted in four secondary schools in Nepal by five secondary mathematics teachers in two cycles, each seven days. The study focused on the implementation of PBL in secondary-level schools, the impact of PBL on students' activities, and professional development. The seven-day project was prepared based on a 3-day workshop for teachers on the surface area of prism and pyramid of grade ten mathematics. The action research was conducted in four different school settings, and students' activities were observed. The study collected qualitative data through interviews (baseline and post), observation, and teacher reflection notes. Text data were analyzed thematically for meaning-making and finding. The study's significant findings were engaged learning, inclusive education, and contextualization of mathematics. Likewise, students' creativity was observed during the action research, and teachers were supported in reforming their pedagogy with new experiences through PBL. The study might support other teachers in implementing PBL for student-centred pedagogy and teachers' professional development.

Penggunaan Metode Card Sort untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V UPT SPF SDN 106155 Tandem Hilir 1

This study addresses the issue of low learning outcomes among fifth-grade students at UPT SPF SDN 106155 Tandem Hilir 1, as reflected in the first semester's daily tests, where only 40% of students met the criteria for passing. The low performance, particularly in social studies, was attributed to teacher-centered instruction and limited use of diverse teaching methods. The research aimed to improve these learning outcomes by implementing the card sort method. Utilizing a classroom action research (CAR) design, the study involved 25 fifth-grade students and was conducted over two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, student outcome tests, and documentation and analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings revealed that the application of the card sort method significantly improved student performance, with an increase in the average completion rate from 52% (average score 46.6) in cycle I to 88.8% (average score 80) in cycle II, marking a 36.8% improvement. The study concludes that the card sort method effectively enhances social studies learning outcomes in the target class.

Enhancing programming learning performance through a Jigsaw collaborative learning method in a metaverse virtual space

BackgroundComputational thinking (CT) is crucial to fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Many elementary schools have been cultivating students’ CT through block-based programming languages such as Scratch using traditional teacher-centered teaching methods. However, the approach excessively relies on teacher lectures, so the teacher’s teaching load is hefty, and most students cannot receive timely assistance from teachers, thus reducing students’ programming learning performance, interest, and confidence. Therefore, this study designs a Jigsaw collaborative learning method implemented in a metaverse virtual space (JCLM-MVS) for peer-to-peer Scratch programming learning to promote learners’ programming learning performance, CT, and learning attitudes. This study used a quasi-experimental research method, with 48 fifth-grade students from two classes in Taiwan’s elementary school as the research participants. One class of 24 students was randomly assigned to the experimental group using JCLM-MVS to conduct Scratch programming learning, whereas the other class of 24 students was assigned to the control group using the traditional teacher-centered teaching method.Main findingsThe study found that the experimental group of learners showed significantly better Scratch programming learning performance and attitude than the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference in CT between both groups, but both learning approaches effectively promoted CT. Additionally, the interview results showed that most interviewees stated that using JCLM-MVS for Scratch programming learning could receive timely assistance from peers, make collaborative learning more efficient and learning more enjoyable, and more intend to use JCLM-MVS for Scratch programming learning than using traditional teacher-centered teaching method due to the effective collaborative interaction mechanisms and realistic learning space provided in the metaverse virtual space.Conclusions/potential implicationsThis study presents a novel and engaging learning approach by integrating a metaverse virtual space with the Jigsaw collaborative learning method, referred to as JCLM-MVS, which enhances the effectiveness of the Jigsaw collaborative learning method in promoting Scratch programming learning performance, CT, and attitudes.

Dear teachers, Do you know? The era of teaching is over, only learning prevails

Traditional teacher-centered teaching causes significant difficulties for both teachers and students. In this model, the teacher is active, delivering knowledge, while the student remains passive, attempting to absorb it. This approach often results in frustration for students as they struggle to memorize the teacher's words without truly understanding the subject matters. Traditional teaching methods not only cause suffering and pain for both teachers and students, but they also stifle students' creativity. These methods promote rote memorization of the teacher's words. Therefore, it is urgent to replace traditional teaching with more effective learner centred approaches. The main objective of this study is to analyze the pain, suffering, and challenges I faced with traditional teaching methods and how these experiences prompted changes in my pedagogy. I used multiple paradigms, and autoethnography as a strategy of inquiry, which combines personal experience and writing. I selected three participants based on their availability and willingness to be interviewed: a former colleague who teaches social studies and two of my former social studies students. In this study, I present my teaching experiences at the school level in the first section and at the university level in the second section. Initially, while teaching at the school level, I adopted traditional teacher centred teaching methods. Gradually, I recognized the weaknesses in these methods. Despite this realization, my teaching approach remained teacher-centered during my time at the school level. When I began teaching at the university level, I realized the need to improve my pedagogical practices. Consequently, I adapted my pedagogical practices to meet the needs of the students. This student-centered teaching method enabled the development of the knowledge, skills, and competencies I aimed to cultivate in them.

Implementation of Marzano’s Dimensions of Learning on the Critical Thinking Skills of 10th Grade Students at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang

This research aims to explore the implementation of Marzano's dimensions of learning, prompted by the conventional teaching methods still prevalent in the learning process, which primarily involve teacher-centered instruction without active student engagement. This approach has negatively impacted students' critical thinking abilities. The study investigates the application of Marzano's dimensions of learning can give a impact on the critical thinking skills of tenth-grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. Prerequisite tests including normality and homogeneity tests indicate that the data is suitable for hypothesis testing or t-tests. The results of the t-test show a significance level of p < 0.05, specifically 0.00 < 0.05, suggesting that implementing Marzano's dimensions of learning influences the critical thinking skills of students in tenth grade at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang

How Jigsaw Worked in a Middle School Classroom for Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension

<p style="text-align:justify">Active learning has been a curriculum mandate in the Indonesian education system since the 1980s. Nonetheless, practical gaps existed, as evidenced by the dominance of teacher-centered instruction in public schools. The field needs research depicting how active learning works and enhances learning. Thus, we conducted a qualitative case study focusing on one method within active learning pedagogies: cooperative learning. Specifically, we examined how one of its techniques, i.e., Jigsaw, operated and optimized English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' reading comprehension. We involved one EFL teacher and her students in eighth grade. Data were gathered through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and analysis of instructional documents. Our data analysis revealed some missed steps in the teacher participants' lesson plans, specifically in the main learning activities sections that had the Jigsaw procedures. However, these activities were enacted in the actual classroom use. The teacher participant also modified her lessons to make Jigsaw more effective. Additionally, she tackled challenges that occurred during the process, especially in dealing with low levels of reading comprehension, unmotivated students, and limited time. For effective use of Jigsaw and considerations when making adjustments in classroom practice, we recommend that teachers understand cooperative learning principles and how they manifest in the procedures of the selected technique(s).</p>

The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies of EFL College Students

The research examines the facets of student-centred practices that students believe to be most advantageous. We focus specifically on the self-efficacy and self-regulated learning (SRL) techniques of English as a foreign language (EFL) college students since these strategies support students' progress in learning the language. In Mongolian English classes, teacher-centred instruction—in which teachers instruct pupils in a foreign language—remains the most common method. It is discouraged for students to focus on their learning strategies and content understanding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and SRL strategies of Mongolian EFL college students. A correlation analysis between variables was used to investigate the inter-relationship between self-efficacy and SRL strategies in L2 speaking of EFL students. The findings indicate that students who are driven to learn English are more likely to manage their time and exertion in the process of self-learning, based on the major findings of this study. Because the results clearly show that English instruction at Mongolia's higher education level has improved, the findings are especially noteworthy.

Investigating the Use of Pre-Recorded Lecture Videos in Flipped Classroom Technologies on Students' Learning at Secondary Level

The study aims to investigate the use of pre-recorded lecture videos in flipped classroom technologies on students’ learning at the secondary level. Traditional teacher-centered teaching has been replaced with learner-centered teaching models. Pre-recorded lectures center on personalized learning built with capturing and accelerating technological features like stop, record forward, play, and rewind. It allows personal control over the pace and direction of learning. A true-experimental pre-post-test design was conducted with 40 students of grade- X. A valid and reliable teacher-made pre-tests and post-tests were used as research instruments. The pre-test and post-test were constructed from the five selected grade -X-level chapters. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental flipped classroom group and a control group. The experimental group was taught via a flipped classroom for eight weeks, while the control group was taught via traditional strategy. The level of students' learning was measured after eight weeks using the SPSS software version. The results showed that students in the flipped classroom had shown significantly higher learning levels than students in the traditional group. The findings also showed that the use of flipped classroom technologies significantly affected students' learning at the secondary level. Moreover, the findings suggested that pre-recorded lecture videos positively facilitate learning and student engagement. Based on these findings, the researcher presented some recommendations.

From Lecture Theaters to Online Classrooms: Examining The Growth of the Flipped Classroom

Traditional models of education involve teachers imparting knowledge to students in a classroom setting. However, new learning theories suggest that students do not all acquire information in the same way. Some learn better through independent exploration and discovery, while others thrive in social environments with hands-on instruction. This debate around student-centered versus teacher-centered pedagogy is far from resolved. One approach that is gaining attention is the "flipped classroom," which restructures learning activities so that domestic tasks typically done as homework are performed in class, with teacher guidance. Meanwhile, lectures previously given during class time are accessed autonomously by students at home, often via online video. This model arguably provides flexibility that better caters to varied student needs and learning styles. However, there are also challenges to consider when transitioning to a flipped model. This article explores the arguments on both sides, providing a balanced perspective on the benefits and limitations of traditional and flipped approaches based on current research in educational psychology. First, the article delves into the term "flipped classroom" and its relationship with the Bloom taxonomy. It then examines different flipped classroom models and finally the benefits and limitations of the flipped classroom application.