TE Group Research Articles

Changes in Lymphocyte Composition and Functionality After Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise in Rats.

Exhausting exercise can have a deleterious effect on the immune system. Nevertheless, the impact of exercise intensity on lymphocyte composition and functionality remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to establish the influence of intensive training on lymphoid tissues (blood, thymus, and spleen) in Wistar rats. Two intensive training programs were performed: a short program, running twice a day for 2 weeks and ending with a final exhaustion test (S-TE group), and a longer program, including two exhaustion tests plus three runs per week for 5 weeks. After this last training program, samples were obtained 24 h after a regular training session (T group), immediately after an additional exhaustion test (TE group) and 24 h later (TE24 group). The composition of lymphocytes in the blood, thymus, and spleen, the function of spleen cells and serum immunoglobulins were determined. In the blood, only the TE group modified lymphocyte proportions. Mature thymocytes’ proportions decreased in tissues obtained just after exhaustion. There was a lower percentage of spleen NK and NKT cells after the longer training program. In these rats, the T group showed a reduced lymphoproliferative activity, but it was enhanced immediately after the final exhaustion. Cytokine secretion was modified after the longer training (T group), which decreased IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion but increased that of IL-6. Higher serum IgG concentrations after the longer training program were detected. In conclusion, the intensive training for 5 weeks changed the lymphocyte distribution among primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and modified their function.

Nutrikinetic study of fermented soybean paste (Cheonggukjang) isoflavones according to the Sasang typology.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIn Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste.SUBJECTS/METHODSA pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed.RESULTSOur nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The Tmax and t1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.

The Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Iron Accumulation and Microglia Activation in the Brain of APP-C105 Transgenic Mice of Alzheimer’s Disease

PURPOSE This study is to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on iron accumulation and microglial cell activity in the cerebral cortex of APP-C105 transgenic Alzheimer’s mice. METHODS The transgenic mice and their comparative non-transgenic mice at 24 months of age were divided into 3 groups: NTC (Non-Tg-Con, n=7), TC (Tg-Con, n=7), TE (Tg-Exe, n=7). TE group ran on the treadmill (30 min/day, 5 day/week) for 8 weeks. RESULTS The results show that treadmill exercise significantly improved spatial memory and cognitive function in TE group compared with TC group in Morris water-maze test and Passive avoidance test. In addition, TE group with treadmill exercise showed to decrease significantly in the accumulation level of iron, amyloid-beta protein, activated-microglia factor and pro-inflammation factor in comparison with TC group. anti-inflammation factor TE group was significantly increased than TC group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that treadmill exercise has positive effects on cognitive function, iron accumulation level of iron and activated-microglia factor and it can act as a key role for clinical strategy in AD. 색인어: ì•Œì¸ í•˜ì´ë¨¸ 질환, ì² ì¶•ì , 미세아교세포, 아밀로이드 ë² íƒ€, 염증, 인지 ëŠ¥ë ¥ Keywords: Alzeheimer’s disease, Iron accumulation, Microglia, Amyloid-beta, Inflammation, Cognitive function

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields to Influence Pain Relief Following Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats

This study examined the effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) therapy on the expression of c-fos protein in rats with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to compare the improvement of pain relief in two experimental groups: PEMF and treadmill exercise. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with eight rats in each: CON1 (including rats sacrificed 1 day after OA induction), CON7 (including rat sacrificed 7 days after OA induction), PEMF (including rats with applied PEMF for 7 days after OA induction), TE (including rats with applied treadmill exercise for 7 days after OA induction). A statistically significant reduction on expression of c-fos was observed in TE and PEMF groups compared to that in CON7 group. However, there was no significant difference in expression of c-fos between the TE group and PEMF group. It is suggested that PEMF could have positive effect on pain relief for OA confirming reduction on expression of c-fos in the spinal cord.

Efecto del ejercicio aeróbico sobre el equilibrio en personas adultas mayores de 50 años: un meta-análisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios

The specific effect of aerobic exercise on balance is unclear. This meta-analysis examined the effect of aerobic exercise on balance in older adults. The systematic search was conducted on academic scientific bases: Academic Complete Search, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct and Sport Discuss, using the Boolean phrase: (aerobic exercise OR aerobic training) AND (adult* OR aging* OR senior* OR older adult*) AND (balance*) NO (diet or nutrition) NO (Animal) And random*. The inclusion criteria were publications in English or Spanish, full text, older adult (people and women), people over 50 years, experimental and quasi-experimental studies, treatment focused on aerobic exercise, and dynamic or static balance indistinctly of the type of test. We analyzed 4496 studies, and only 11 met the inclusion criteria, obtaining 56 effect sizes (TE) in 590 subjects. The moderator variables were age, sex, level of physical activity, health condition, N per study, duration of the session and exercise modality. The overall effect size for the experimental conditions was TE= 1.083, (p ≤ 0.05) (95% CI: 0.63 - 1.53, Q= 679.07, p= 0.00, I2= 99.55); the effect size of the control group was TE= 0.056, (p = 0.685) (95% CI: -0.14, .25, Q= 11.48, p=0.009, I2= 73.88). There were no differences in scores between the control groups of TE (n=16) and experimental group (n=40) (F= 2.73, p= .104). Aerobic exercise (AE) exerts a positive effect on the balance of older adults; therefore, AE training is a valid strategy to counteract the loss of balance in thisspecific group.

CONCURRENT TRAINING AND TAURINE IMPROVE LIPID PROFILE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

ABSTRACT Introduction: Taurine plays an important role in metabolism and can positively influence body composition, since it is believed that in appropriate concentrations this amino acid (AA) can reduce perceived exertion, thereby delaying the onset of fatigue; however, the effect of this AA combined with concurrent training in postmenopausal women is unknown. Objective: To analyze the effects of concurrent training (aerobic+resistance) and taurine supplementation on the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-three postmenopausal women were randomly divided into the following groups: Control (C [N=13]), Taurine (T [N = 8]), Taurine+Exercise (TE [N=13]), and Placebo+Exercise (E [N=9]). The supplemented groups received capsules corresponding to a daily taurine intake of 1.5 g. Concurrent training (CT) took place three times a week and consisted of 50 minutes of resistance training and 30 minutes of aerobic training. Body composition was assessed using DXA, in addition to biochemical profile analysis: triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The intervention period lasted for eight weeks. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: The TE group presented a statistical reduction in terms of relative change in the percentage of total body fat (%) (−4.1±3.0) and trunk fat (%) (−4.4±3.9), with greater lean body mass (kg) gain (3.9±2.5) when compared to groups C (0.3±3.7, p=0.005; 0.8±4.3, p=0.024; −1.1±3.1, p<0.001; respectively) and T (1.2±3.4, p=0.004; 1.6±5.4, p=0.023; −1.2±2.9; p=0.002; respectively). The TE group presented a greater percentage reduction of total cholesterol (−5.8±7.1 mg/dl) when compared to group T (11.5±19.1 mg/dl). The TE group presented a significant decrease in LDL-c (−13.6±9.2 mg/dl) compared to groups C (3.5±13.9 mg/dl, p=0.014) and T (9.9±24.3 mg/dl, p=0.027). Conclusion: The combination of concurrent training and taurine supplementation promoted a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in postmenopausal women. Level of Evidence I; Study type: Randomized clinical study.

(101) Using Quantitative Sensory Testing to Assess the Pain System in Sexual Assault Survivors

Trauma exposure, especially sexual assault (SA), is highly correlated with pain conditions, in that many chronic pain samples report trauma histories. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind this relationship is limited. Previous findings from our lab suggest that SA disrupts descending pain modulation. However, to date, no study has used quantitative sensory testing (QST) to comprehensively assess the pain system in SA survivors. 41 healthy, pain-free SA survivors were matched to a group of 41 healthy, pain-free trauma exposed persons without SA (TE). These groups were compared to a group of healthy, pain-free persons with no trauma history (no-TE; N=62). QST included warm, cool, heat, cold, ischemia, and electric thresholds, and heat, cold, ischemia, and electric tolerances. The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold was used to assess spinal nociception. Results suggested SA survivors had higher cool thresholds than the TE and no-TE groups. Moreover, SA survivors had lower cold thresholds, cold tolerances, and heat tolerances than no-TE. Surprisingly, SA survivors had higher ischemia tolerances than no-TE and TE groups. The TE group had lower heat and cold tolerances than the no-TE group. None of the other group differences were significant for any pain outcome. These findings suggest that SA is associated with greater sensitivity in A-delta fibers (cool thresholds) and hyperalgesia in response to thermal stimuli (heat, cold). However, hypoalgesia was noted in response to deep tissue pain (ischemia). By contrast, TE is primarily associated with reduced tolerance to heat and cold. These group differences are not likely due to spinal sensitization due to the lack of group differences in NFR. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings and determine whether QST responses can predict negative sequela of SA and non-SA trauma exposure.

Differential effects of zinc and tellurium on epigenetic changes of coping behaviour in maturing rats

Trace element and its probable role in biological systems have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Previous work has shown that ZnTe administered in drinking water to pregnant rats during pregnancy, delivery, lactation and offspring maturation up to prepuberal stage is able to modify several parameters of spontaneous behaviours related to cognition in offspring rats. Since Zn and Te have many biological properties, it’s not possible to conclude if behavioural changes are due to Zn, Te or both trace elements activity. In the present work, K2TeO3 and ZnCl2 were used alone in order to evaluate single actions of trace elements. Four experimental groups were formed: Control (water), Zn-treated group, Te-treated groups, and Zn+Te group. At the end of the experiments at 30 days of age offspring of each group were tested individually in a Double-Hole Board Labyrinth to evaluate lateralized exploration. Open field enriched with a rack and hole-board to evaluate motivated exploration; single cage in an intruder-host test to evaluate social interaction, and forced swimming cylinder to evaluate the survival responses. Results showed selective changes in rearing for Te (first Test); blocking of the natural left-biased exploration (second Test) increased time to confront the intruder with decreased time to interact with the intruder (third Test), and decreased time to active swimming (fourth Test).With the exception of duration of the social interaction, Zn has no effect. Results suggest that most of the behavioural changes found with ZnTe in previous studies are due to Te.

The Impact of Hippocampal Sex Hormones Receptors in Modulation of Depressive-Like Behavior Following Chronic Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Exercise Protocols in Rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in depressive-like behaviors in rats following chronic administration of a supraphysiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) as well as exposure to a prolonged exercise protocol. The role of hippocampal sex hormones receptors in the modulation of depressive-like behavior was also assessed. A total of 48 male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: control, exercise (1 h/day, five consecutive days), nandrolone-decanoate (ND, 20 mg/kg/week, in a single dose), exercise plus ND, testosterone-enanthate (TE, 20 mg/kg/week, in a single dose), and exercise plus TE. After the 6-week protocols were complete, the rats underwent behavioral testing in the tail suspension test (TST). Rats were sacrificed for the collection of blood samples, to determine sex hormones levels, and isolation of the hippocampus, to determine [androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors α (ERα)] expression. ND and TE treatment induced significant depressive-like behavior, opposing the antidepressant effect of exercise. Chronic TE administration elevated testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) serum levels, and this was augmented by exercise. In contrast, ND and exercise alone did not alter T or DHT levels. There were no changes in serum estradiol levels in any of the groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that exercise reduced AR immunoreactivity in all hippocampal regions and increased the ERα expression in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), and total hippocampal sections, but not in the CA2/3 region. AASs administration increased AR expression in all hippocampal regions, although not the total hippocampal section in the TE group and did not significantly decrease ERα. The hippocampal AR/ERα expression index was lowered while parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactivity was enhanced by exercise. AASs administration increased the AR/ERα index and reduced PV-immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. The number of PV-immunoreactive neurons negatively correlated with the antidepressant effects and the AR/ERα ratio. Our results suggest a potential role of the numerical relationship between two sex hormones receptors (stronger correlation than for each individual receptor) in the regulation of depressive-like behavior via the hippocampal GABAergic system in rats, which allow better understanding of the hippocampal sex hormones receptors role in modulation of depressive-like behavior.

The Impact of the Morphologic Characteristics of Type B Aortic Dissection in the Acute Phase on the Aortic Enlargement in the Late Stage

Objectives: According to the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection, >70% of patients with type-B aortic dissection (AD) have delayed aortic growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphologic characteristics of aortic enlargement in type-B AD. Methods: A total of 120 patients with uncomplicated acute type-B aortic dissection (uATBAD) were divided into 4 groups according to the presence of a patent or thrombosed false lumen (FL) with or without aortic enlargement. In all groups, the area of the true lumen (TL) and the FL were measured on axial computed tomography images. Results: A total of 120 uATBAD patients were evaluated: patent FL with (PE, N = 28, 23%) or without aortic enlargement (PU, N = 17, 14%) and thrombosed FL with (TE, N = 34, 28%) or without enlargement (TU, N = 41, 34%). The initial aortic diameter was not significantly different among the 4 groups (PE vs. PU = 39 ± 8 vs. 37 ± 10 (p = 0.354); TE vs. TU = 38 ± 6 vs. 37 ± 6 (p = 0.391)). The area of the FL tended to be larger in the PE group. In contrast, the area of the TL was significantly larger in the TE group. Late outcomes of uATBAD treated with optimal medical treatment were acceptable. Conclusions: In patients with uATBAD and a thrombosed FL, the patients with aortic enlargement tended to be increased TL size. In contrast, in patients with a patent FL, the patients with aortic enlargement tended to be increased FL size.

Efficacy and safety of TE/TEC/intensive paclitaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer.

Efficacy and safety of paclitaxel/docetaxel + epirubicin (TE), paclitaxel/docetaxel + epirubicin + cytoxan (TEC) and intensive paclitaxel (IP) neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) were compared for the treatment of breast cancer. The clinical data of 326 patients with stage II–III unilateral primary breast cancer treated in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received NCT for 4 cycles, including 115 cases of TE group, 109 cases of TEC group, and 102 cases of paclitaxel weekly group. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) indicated clinically effective. The pathological effect was evaluated and the grade III+IV+V indicated pathologically effective. The rates of clinical efficacy and pathological CR (pCR) were compared, and the incidence of adverse reactions was also observed. The effects of different molecular typing on clinical efficacy and pCR were compared. Our results showed that the clinical effective rates in TE, TEC and IP groups were 80.9, 89.0 and 77.5%, respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences (P=0.074). The pCR rates in the three groups were 9.57, 8.26 and 5.88%, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.602). The incidence rate of neutropenia was statistically different among the three groups of patients (P<0.001), which was the highest in TEC group and the lowest in IP group. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions (P>0.05). Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-positive states were significantly correlated with the high clinical effective rate and high pCR rate (P<0.05). In conclusion, IP has the lowest incidence rate of neutropenia. Additionally, ER-negative, PR-negative and HER-2-positive states are significantly correlated with the high clinical effective rate and high pCR rate.

ASSESSMENT OF ANAEROBIC POWER WITH ARM AND LEG WINGATE TESTS IN ATHLETES

The research was carried out with the aim of determining and assessing arm anaerobic power, leg anaerobic power and aerobic capacity in individuals with different branches of active sports. A total of 60 subjects engaged in active sports at Elite level in different branches participated in the study. These branches are; wrestling (group G, n:10), football (Group F, N = 10), bicycle (BI group, n = 10), boxing (BO group, n = 10), taekwondo (TA group, n = 10), and tennis (TE group, n = 10). The research was carried out in the performance Laboratory of Selcuk University School of Physical Education and Sports. For anaerobic measurements, two separate Monark branded Wingate ergometers for arm and leg were used. Shuttle run tests were performed for aerobic measurements. SPSS for Windows 15.0 package program was used in the calculation and assessment of the obtained data. The normality distribution of the measured parameters was determined by the Shapiro-Wilks test. One-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used to determine the differences between sports branches. In determining the source of difference, the LCD and Dunnett's C were applied from Post-Hoc tests. Significance level was taken as 0.05 in this study. As a result of the leg Wingate ergometer test, the peak power values of wrestlers were found to be significantly different at p<0.05 level compared to those of football, boxing, taekwondo and tennis players. The results of arm Wingate ergometer test showed that the peak power values of the boxers and wrestlers were significantly different in p<0.05 compared to the athletes in other branches. When their MaxVO2 levels were examined, it was observed that the values of cyclists differ significantly in p<0.05 compared to the average of athletes in other branches except wrestlers. Article visualizations:

Effect of Intensive Exercise Training and Vitamin E Supplementation on the Content of Rat Brain-Drived Neurotrophic Factors

Background: Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) increase Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) expression. Athletics use anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementations to reduce H2O2 and TNF-α level. There is insufficient information about vitamin E supplementation on neurotrophic adaptations induced by intensive exercise training. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intensive exercise training in combination with vitamin E supplementation on BDNF and GDNF content of rat brain. Methods: In an experimental study in Iran, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to Control (C), Sham (S), Vitamin E (V.TE), Exercise training (ET), Exercise training + Vitamin E (ET+V.TE) groups, with 8 rats in each group. Exercise training on treadmill (27 m/minute) was carried out in combination with vitamin E supplementation (60 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05 using one-way analysis of variance (SPSS software, version 16.0). Results: Vitamin E supplementation increased brain vitamin E levels in V.TE and ET+V.TE groups (P = 0.001). Significant increments in the levels of H2O2 (P = 0.007), TNF-α, (P = 0.001), BDNF (P = 0.001), and GDNF (P = 0.001) in the ET group were shown; however, vitamin E supplementation could not change exercise-induced increases on the above-mentioned factors in the ET+V.TE group (the p-values were equal to 0.024, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Intensive exercise training increases BDNF and GDNF contents in the whole brain of rats, yet vitamin E does not influence neurotrophic adaptations induced by intensive exercise training.

SIRT1 signaling pathway mediated the protective effects on myocardium of rats after endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise

Objective: To detect the expression of SIRT1 and Ac-FOXO1 in rats after endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise, and explicit the myocardial protective effect of SIRT1. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group(n=20), exhaustive exercise group (E group, n=20), exhaustive exercise group + endurance training (TE group, n=18), exhaustive exercise group + endurance training + selective SIRT1 inhibitor (TSE group, n=17). The Control and E groups were fed routinely for 5 weeks. The TE and TSE groups were subjected to swimming exercise for 5 weeks for endurance exercising. The TSE group was intraperitoneally injected with selective SIRT1 inhibitor Sirtinol(2 mg/kg) at 30 minutes before endurance exercising. The E, TE and TSE groups were subjected to exhaustive exercise. The myocardial tissues of rats were collected after exhaustive exercise. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the myocardial mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 and Ac-FOXO1. The myocardial protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was also detected by Western blot. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to assess the apoptosis of myocardial cells. Results: Compared with Control group, the SIRT1 and Bcl-2 expression in the myocardial tissue was obviously decreased, while the Ac-FOXO1, Bax, and the myocardial cell apoptosis were significantly increased in E group (all P<0.01). Compared with E group, the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 was obviously up-regulated (both P<0.01), while the Ac-FOXO, Bax and the myocardial cell apoptosis was significantly reduced in TE group (all P<0.01). Compared with TE group, the SIRT1 and Bcl-2 expression was obviously lower (both P<0.01), while Ac-FOXO1, Bax, and the cell apoptosis were significantly higher in group TSE (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Endurance training could protect myocardium by reducing the myocardial oxidative stress injury and apoptosis via activating SIRT1 signaling pathway, up-regulating the myocardial expression of SIRT1 and regulating the deacetylation of FOXO1.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Exercise-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. Twenty-four adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8 per group): normal control group (NC), treadmill exercise group (TE) and treadmill exercise + LIPUS group (TE + LIPUS). The TE + LIPUS group received a LIPUS treatment (1 MHz, 30 mW/cm2) at the gastrocnemius for 20 min/d after treadmill exercise. The TE group was sham-treated. Eight weeks of treadmill training successfully established the exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy model. Muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area were significantly increased in the TE + LIPUS group compared with the TE group. Moreover, LIPUS treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Akt, mTOR, p-Akt and p-mTOR and significantly downregulated the expression of MSTN, ActRIIB, FoxO1 and its phosphorylation. The results indicated that LIPUS promotes exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy by facilitating protein synthesis and inhibiting the protein catabolism pathway.

Improvement of Local Cell Delivery Using Helix Transendocardial Delivery Catheter in a Porcine Heart.

Cardiac regeneration strategies using stem cells have shown variable and inconsistent results with respect to patient cardiac function and clinical outcomes. There has been increasing consensus that improving the efficiency of delivery may improve results. The Helix transendocardial delivery system (BioCardia Inc.) has been developed to enable percutaneous transendocardial biotherapeutic delivery. Therefore, we evaluated cell retention using this unique system compared with direct transepicardial injection and intracoronary infusion in an animal model.Twelve healthy swine were used in this study. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-labeled bone marrow mononuclear cells were delivered via percutaneous transendocardial route using the Helix system (TE group, n = 5), via direct transepicardial injection using a straight 27-gauge needle in an open chest procedure (TP group, n = 4), or via percutaneous intracoronary (IC) infusion (IC group, n = 3). One hour after cell delivery, the distribution of injected cells within the myocardium was assessed by PET-CT. Regions of interest were defined and their signals were compared in each group. Retention rates were calculated as a percentage of the comparing signal.The distribution of injected cells in the myocardium was higher in the TE group (17.9%) than in the TP group (6.0%, versus TE, P < 0.001) and the IC group (1.0%, versus TE, P < 0.001). Consistent with previous reports, there were signal distributions in the lungs, liver, and kidneys in qualitative whole body PET assessment.TE cell delivery using a helical infusion catheter is more efficient in cell retention than either TP delivery or IC delivery using PET-CT analysis.

Avaliação endoscópica das vias aéreas, do perfil de gases, dos eletrólitos e do equilíbrio ácido-base em equinos submetidos ao treinamento de três tambores

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as vias aéreas por endoscopia, o perfil de gases, de eletrólitos e o equilíbrio ácido-base de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha (QM) antes e após o exercício de três tambores. Dezesseis cavalos, divididos em dois grupos de oito animais, treino regular (TR - cinco vezes) e treino esporádico (TE - duas vezes por semana), foram utilizados no experimento. A endoscopia foi realizada antes e 90 min após o exercício. Foram realizadas duas coletas de sangue por punção da artéria facial transversa antes do aquecimento (M0) e imediatamente após o exercício (M1), e as leituras foram realizadas com o I-Stat(r). Foram determinadas PCO2, PO2, SO2, pH, BE, HCO3 e TCO2, Na+, K+, iCa, glicose, Hg e Ht. Foi utilizada ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo para comparações dos grupos e dos momentos (P&lt;0,05). A HFL acometeu em grau leve (1-2) os animais de ambos os grupos, com 8/8 (100%) no TR e 5/8 (62,5%) no TE. Observou-se presença de secreção serosa na traqueia em 4/8 (50%) para ambos os grupos. A HPIE acometeu em grau leve (1-2) os animais de ambos os grupos, com 4/8 (50%) no grupo TR e 3/8 (37,5%) no grupo TE. Os animais com grau 2 de HPIE apresentaram leve hipoxemia e hipercapnia pós-exercício. SO2, PCO2, pH, HCO3, BE, K e iCa+ não diferiram estatisticamente (P&gt;0,05) entre os grupos. Os cavalos da raça QM submetidos ao exercício de TT apresentam HPIE e acidose metabólica.

Disrupting effect of androgens in postnatal female domestic cats

To test the hypothesis that in domestic cats, postnatal androgens induce sterility, the aims of this study were to describe the reproductive effects and the clinical safety of a postnatal administration of a long term release androgen in this species. Thirteen newborn littermate female kittens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups within the first 24h of birth: testosterone enanthate 12.5mg sc (TE; n=8) or Placebo (PL; n=5). The animals were subsequently assessed for fecal sexual hormones until puberty was attained and subsequently when matings occurred. After 21 days, ovulation and gestation were diagnosed. All queens were subsequently ovario-hysterectomized. Fecal testosterone concentrations differed between the treatment groups throughout the study period (P<0.05) being greater during the first 2 postnatal weeks in those of the TE group (P<0.01). Fecal estradiol was not affected by treatment (P>0.1). While all the females were receptive during the pubertal estrus (P>0.1), two TE (2/8) compared with all (5/5) females of the PL group had ovulations (P<0.05). Only one (1/2) compared with three (3/5) of the queens of the TE and PL groups, respectively became pregnant. All kittens of the TE group had transient clitoral enlargement. Anovulatory TE-treated cats had no corpus luteum, and a significant diminution of the endometrial glands as well as of the height of the uterine epithelium. It is concluded that, in domestic cats, a single postnatal supra-physiological dose of testosterone caused a large proportion of queens to be anovulatory and there were also histological endometrial abnormalities that also occurred with this treatment that were accompanied by mild and transient side effects.

Changes in Inflammatory Activity after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Children with Chronic Anterior Uveitis

ABSTRACTPurpose: To evaluate changes in inflammatory activity over time in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated anterior uveitis after two different types of glaucoma surgery.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 32 patients with JIA who had trabeculectomy (TE, 21 eyes) or Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (AGV, 11 eyes). Inflammatory activity and use of anti-inflammatory medication were evaluated 1 year prior to surgery and in the first, third, and fifth years after surgery.Results: In both groups IOP decreased significantly from pre-surgery to 2 years after surgery (TE, 31.1 ± 6.7 to 12.8 ± 6.1 mmHg, p<0.0001; AGV, 28.5 ± 8.5 to 14.9 ± 6.6 mmHg, p<0.001). In the TE group flare, anterior chamber cells, and uveitis activity decreased significantly after surgery, whereas with AGV there was no sustained reduction of flare.Conclusions: The degree of inflammation in JIA-associated uveitis is significantly reduced after trabeculectomy.

The effects of traditional strengthening exercises versus functional task training on pain, balance and functional mobility in knee osteoarthritis

The effects of traditional strengthening exercises versus functional task training on pain, balance and functional mobility in knee osteoarthritis Krishna Kumar Singh*, Madhusudan Tiwari** *Professor & Principal, Jaipur Physiotherapy College, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur Rajasthan, India. **Associate Professor & Dean, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Email- madhusudan1977@gmail.com, Mobile No. – 8290964159, (Corresponding Author). ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of functional task training in decreasing pain, and increasing functional mobility in Osteoarthritis Knee. Study design: Comparative case control study. Methodology: Forty individuals with a diagnosis of OA Knee were selected directly from Physiotherapy outpatient door of Jaipur Physiotherapy College, MVGU, Jaipur. These individuals were randomly assigned into two groups: FTT Group [Functional task Training (n = 20)] and TE Group [Traditional Exercise (n = 20)]. FTT Group Functional tasks included sit to stand box lift, standing star exercise, walking up and down a ramp while holding a weight, ascending/descending stairs while holding a weight in the preferred hand, and walking indoors while passing a weighted ball from hand to hand. Subjects performed the exercises for one minute with (when indicated) a one pound weight. Progressions included either an increase in weight or time to perform the activity. Subjects in the TE program performed four-way straight leg raises (4 way SLR), seated knee extension, wall slides, step ups, and ambulation on the treadmill. Two sets of ten repetitions were performed for each exercise. Weight repetition progression based on subject's tolerance. Subjects ambulated on the treadmill at their own pace for a period that did not exceed 15 minutes. Both the groups were given exercises supervised by physiotherapist on regular basis for 12 weeks. Data for measurements of pain on VAS scale, Physical Function on WOMAC, Balance & mobility on Time Up & Go Test (TUG), Functional performance on Stair Climbing test (SCT) was collected on day 1 (pre treatment session), at 6 week, and at week 12. Results: Results indicate that both groups improved in all measures of pain, Balance and functional outcomes. However upon Intergroup analysis the mean changes in the score of VAS, WOMAC & TUG was highly significant across the two testing periods (at 6 week & 12 week) for the functional task training group (FTT). The mean change in the score of SCT was also highly significant at week 12 in FTT group. Conclusion: Functional task training on regular basis is an effective rehabilitation program for improving functional mobility, balance and decreasing pain in OA Knee. Key words: Functional Task Training, Traditional exercises, OA Knee, visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)