Taylor's Theory Research Articles

Factors Related to Parenting Stress among Mothers with Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: Raising preschool aged children often causes stress to mothers because at this period children are still very dependent on their parents and often has behavioral problems and difficulty in managing their intense emotions.. Objective: This study aimed to determine factors associated with parenting stress among mothers with preschool aged children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Sample size of this study was 118 mothers who lived in Desa Jatisari, Kecamatan Jenggawah, Kabupaten Jember, selected using convenience sampling. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), and a social support questionnaire which was developed based on Taylor's theory of social support. Statistical analysis used univariate analysis (frequency distribution) and ordinal logistic regression with statistical significance at an alpha level of 0.05.Results: There were 90 respondents who experienced moderate parenting stress. As many as 12 mothers had low parenting stress, while 16 mothers had high parenting stress. Factors related to parenting stress were mother's education (p=0.015) and social support (p=0.000). The higher the mother's education and social support received by the mother, the lower the level of parenting stress is, and vice versa. Conclusion: In this study, level of education and social support were associated to parenting stress among mothers. Cooperation between nurses, families, and local health workers is needed to provide adequate social support to mothers with preschool children. Husbands and families are expected to provide support such as direct assistance in caring for children, appreciation, and love for mothers. Nurses can also work with local health workers in providing information to mothers related to developmental tasks of family with preschool-aged children and effective stress management for mothers experiencing parenting stress so that mothers will be more adaptive and avoid physical violence against children.

Nonlinear EHD Instability of Two-Superposed Walters’ B Fluids Moving through Porous Media

The current work examines the application of the viscous potential flow to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) of a planar interface between two visco-elastic Walters’ B fluids. The fluids are fully saturated in porous media in the presence of heat and mass transfer across the interface. Additionally, the structure is pervaded via a uniform, normal electrical field in the absence of superficial charges. The nonlinear scheme basically depends on analyzing the linear principal equation of motion, and then applying the appropriate nonlinear boundary-conditions. The current organization creates a nonlinear characteristic equation describing the amplitude performance of the surface waves. The classical Routh–Hrutwitz theory is employed to judge the linear stability criteria. Once more, the implication of the multiple time scale with the aid of Taylor theory yields a Ginzburg–Landau equation, which controls the nonlinear stability criteria. Furthermore, the Poincaré–Lindstedt technique is implemented to achieve an analytic estimated bounded solution for the surface deflection. Many special cases draw upon appropriate data selections. Finally, all theoretical findings are numerically confirmed in such a way that ensures the effectiveness of various physical parameters.

Utilization of the Tiktok Video Application as a Means of Showing Existence And Self-Disclosure of Teenagers on Social Media

Along with the rapid development of technology, the current use of social media by the community is also increasing. One of the social media that is currently on the rise is the TikTok application. TikTok application users come from various backgrounds and ages, including teenagers. Video-based TikTok features accompanied by music, writing, and pictures are considered attractive so that they are liked by teenagers as a means of showing their existence and self-disclosure. TikTok is also currently developing as a way to share information. The theory applied by the researcher was Alman and Taylor's Social Penetration Theory. In addition to such theory, this paper are supported and strengthened by the concepts of Self-Disclosure, Social Media, Teenagers, TikTok, and also Self-Existence. This paper was a qualitative descritpive study which applied a qualitative study method. This paper involved several informants namely teenagers who were also the users of the TikTok application. The inclusion criteria here were teenagers who had a TikTok account, were active on TikTok, and used TikTok as part of their existence and self-disclosure. The results of this study explored the process of self-disclosure and also the existence carried out by the informants in accordance with the stages proposed in the social penetration theory. Informants passed through the stages of self-disclosure sequentially from the orientation stage to the stable stage so that the existence of teenagers in presenting themselves on social media could be observed.

Evolution of field line helicity in magnetic relaxation

Plasma relaxation in the presence of an initially braided magnetic field can lead to self-organization into relaxed states that retain non-trivial magnetic structure. These relaxed states may be in conflict with the linear force-free fields predicted by the classical Taylor theory, and remain to be fully understood. Here, we study how the individual field line helicities evolve during such a relaxation, and show that they provide new insights into the relaxation process. The line helicities are computed for numerical resistive-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a relaxing braided magnetic field with line-tied boundary conditions, where the relaxed state is known to be non-Taylor. First, our computations confirm recent analytical predictions that line helicity will be predominantly redistributed within the domain, rather than annihilated. Second, we show that self-organization into a relaxed state with two discrete flux tubes may be predicted from the initial line helicity distribution. Third, for this set of line-tied simulations we observe that the sub-structure within each of the final tubes is a state of uniform line helicity. This uniformization of line helicity is consistent with Taylor theory applied to each tube individually. However, it is striking that the line helicity becomes significantly more uniform than the force-free parameter.

Исследование процесса смешения топлив при их последовательной перекачке по сборно-разборным трубопроводам

The issues of determination mixture volume during in batching for collapsible pipelines of different groups and brands fuels examined. The based on Taylor theory of longitudinal diffusion in turbulent flows a mathematical model of mixture formation process during in batching of fuels was approved. For the fuels viscosity-temperature characteristics analytical presentation proposed dependences. The fuels mixture volume during in batching for collapsible was simulating.

COVID-19: REFLEXÕES SOBRE SEUS IMPACTOS NA QUALIDADE DO AR E NAS MODIFICAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS

A atmosfera é um dos elementos do meio ambiente natural mais impactados pelo ser humano e que gera reflexos diretos na qualidade de vida do planeta, seja pela piora da qualidade do ar, seja pelas modificações climáticas. Nesse sentido, analisa-se neste artigo a importância do meio atmosférico como elemento essencial à vida e os impactos sobre a qualidade do ar relacionados ao vírus SARS-CoV-2, causador da atual pandemia de COVID-19. O presente estudo busca apresentar as causas e efeitos das modificações climáticas e da poluição do ar, indicando como a pandemia da COVID-19 tem se relacionado com estes problemas ambientais de forma positiva e negativa. O método adotado foi o hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa baseada em artigos, análises de documentos e sites oficiais de divulgação de dados. Tem por marco teórico a teoria de Taylor (1981), que apresenta a necessidade de criação de princípios morais para a relação dos seres humanos com o meio natural. Conclui, por fim, que é necessária uma rediscussão sobre a relação ser humano e mundo natural e repensar os princípios morais e sociais com base nos princípios ambientais, para que se possa evitar futuras epidemias e reduzir os efeitos climáticos.

Survey of ‘return-to-isotropy’ in anisotropic turbulence

G. I. Taylor's statistical theory of turbulence posed the basic problem, to find the velocity correlation function U ( k ) in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Isotropy implies that the correlation...

Social Cognition evolves: Illustrations from our work on Intergroup Bias and on Healthy Adaptation.

When we first wrote Social Cognition (1984), social psychology's crisis critiqued methods, replicability, theory, and relevance. Social cognition research illustrates four phases of response to these challenges. First, the Cognitive Miser approach introduced methods less prone to experimenter or participant interference: looking time as attention, categorical memory for who said what. Next, the Motivated Tactician approach addressed replicability by identifying moderator variables, primarily goals and motivations. For example, interdependence (Fiske) and threat (Taylor) are prominent motivations in our respective research. The third wave, perceivers as Activated Actors, translated mental states to behavior, using theory-guided prediction. In intergroup bias, for example, Fiske's Stereotype Content Model predicts patterns of discriminatory behavior distinctive to each combination of stereotypic warmth and competence. Going beyond reported behavior, distinctive activations emerged in brain-imaging and muscle responses. In health psychology, Taylor's Positive Illusions theory predicts people cope with life-threatening illness by viewing the odds optimistically, the self positively, and possible control affirmatively. Again, the social cognitive processes interplay with psycho-physiology. Recently, social cognitive approaches have increasingly addressed inequality: health disparities, bias interventions, power dynamics, class effects, social morality, and intent inferences. Viewing perceivers as Inequality Enablers answers any remaining doubts about the field's continuing relevance.

Improved difference model applied in the Fourier-transform-based integration method based on Taylor theory.

The two-dimensional Fourier-transform-based integration algorithm is widely used in shape or wavefront reconstruction from gradients. However, its reconstruction accuracy is limited by the truncation error of the difference model. The truncation error is affected by the distribution of the sampling points. It increases when the sampling points are unevenly distributed and arranged irregularly. For improving, a novel way to calculate the difference is proposed based on Taylor expansion theory of binary functions. The first-order partial derivative terms are used to estimate the second- and third-order partial derivative terms for reducing the truncation error. The proposed difference model is applied to Fourier-transform-based integration. The reconstruction results show that it can get better results when the sampling points are irregularly distributed.

Taylor theory associated with Hahn difference operator

In this paper, we establish Taylor theory based on Hahn’s difference operator D_{q,omega} which is defined by D_{q,omega}f(t)=frac{f(qt+omega)-f(t)}{t(q-1)+omega}, tneqfrac {omega}{1-q}, where qin(0,1) and ω is a positive number.

Nonlinear stability of electro-visco-elastic Walters’ B type in porous media

This paper investigates the nonlinear instability of a non-Newtonian fluid of the Walters’ B type. The fluids fill the regions inside and outside a vertical circular cylinder. An axial electric field of uniform strength is pervaded along the axis of the jet. The fluids are saturated in porous media. Typically, the nonlinear analysis is based on solving the linear governing equations of motion, then applying the convenient nonlinear boundary conditions. This methodology yields a nonlinear characteristic equation which governs the behavior of the interface deflection. As the nonlinear terms are omitted, a linear dispersion relation arises. Therefore, the stability criteria are analytically analyzed and numerically confirmed. The nonlinear approach depends on the multiple time scale technique together with the support of the Taylor theory. This approach resulted in a Ginzburg–Landau equation. Consequently, the stability criteria are achieved in both analytical and numerical analysis. Furthermore, by means of the expanded frequency analysis, a bounded approximate solution of the amplitude of the surface waves is accomplished. The homotopy perturbation method (MPM) is utilized to obtain an approximate distribution of the conducted artificial frequency. Additionally, the generating function of the interface is graphically represented. Several special cases are reported upon convenient data choices. Regions of stability and instability are addressed. In the stability profile, the electric field intensity is plotted versus the wave number. The influences of the parameters on the stability are identified. The nonlinear stability approach divides the phase plane into several parts of stability/instability.

Novel: La genesi del romanzo moderno nell'Inghilterra del Settecento. [Novel: The Rise of the Modern Novel in Eighteenth-Century England.] by Riccardo Capoferro

Reviewed by: Novel: La genesi del romanzo moderno nell'Inghilterra del Settecento. [Novel: The Rise of the Modern Novel in Eighteenth-Century England.] by Riccardo Capoferro Flavio Gregori Riccardo Capoferro. Novel: La genesi del romanzo moderno nell'Inghilterra del Settecento. [Novel: The Rise of the Modern Novel in Eighteenth-Century England.] Rome: Carocci Editore. 2017. Pp. 271. €24. Capoferro's Novel is the ideal sequel to his earlier monographs on eighteenth-century prose: Frontiere del racconto. Letteratura di viaggio e romanzi in Inghilterra, 1680–1750 (2007; on travel narrative and the novel), and Empirical Wonder: Historicizing the Fantastic, 1660–1760 (2010); as well as to his introductory books on Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (2003) and Jonathan Swift (2013) for Italian undergraduates. Novel is an ambitious attempt to update the debate on the rise of that literary genre started by Ian Watt and carried on by several scholars, including Michael McKeon, whose tracks Capoferro perceptively follows. The core idea of his study is that new literary forms of representing life, based on the self's observation and interpretation of external and internal stimuli, emerged in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and helped shape an approach to realism different from the mimetic representation of previous centuries insofar as it depended not so much on mirroring the outside world but on receiving and processing ideas within subjective and then intersubjective experience. In Capoferro's view, rather than being a direct result of the philosophical empiricism of Bacon and [End Page 218] Locke, this new literary approach to realism was a parallel phenomenon. Its main urge was to fashion the interpretive abilities of the readership by accommodating them to a new "social imaginary" that was emerging in the seventeenth century as an alternative to the ancien-régime ethos. Capoferro's interpretation of this "social imaginary" owes much to Charles Taylor's theory of the economic model of human society, and, of course, to Jürgen Habermas's history of the rise of the public sphere. To the already well-known interpretation of the novel as the result of the struggle between competing secular beliefs and moral-political ideas, Capoferro adds his own thesis, according to which this new realism materialized as an aesthetic mediation among, rather than a simple result of, competing worldviews. This realism of mediation and exchange was part of a new cognitive experience based not only on empirical knowledge but also, and above all, on an intersubjective life that was unknown to previous, ancien-régime literary form. Capoferro's history of the novel in part will look familiar to English scholars, especially in its structure which follows Watt's Rise of the Novel. The book in fact starts with a chapter on the cultural foundation of the novel from the culture of absolutism to the public sphere of opinion, followed by a chapter on the transition from ancien-régime verisimilitude to empirical realism; and by three chapters on Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding, together with a coda on the development of fiction to the mid-eighteenth century. However, it also shows original ideas and close readings that flesh out the abovementioned new methodological approach and steer it away from the formal and dialectical models respectively offered by Watt and McKeon. In particular, Capoferro does not believe there are clear-cut boundaries separating the romance and the novel, nor between conservative and progressive ideologies. Unlike McKeon, he thinks that the novel emerges not so much as a simple abstraction at the end of a dialectical process opposing and intertwining conservative and progressive ideologies, but rather as a protean form that variously adjusts itself to epistemic shifts and tentatively incorporates them as interpretive models of an ever-changing reality. Therefore, instead of one single "realism" there are various novelistic "realisms" or, as Capoferro calls them, "empirical fictions." The rise of the novel thus becomes a lasting enterprise that never reaches a climax or stabilizes itself. The book's final chapter on "narrative immersion" (an important addendum to the most common histories of the eighteenth-century novel) opens up new views based on a cognitive interpretation of the novel's approach to the relationship between self and the world. In...

Experimental investigation on dynamic phase transformation and texture evolution of Ti55531 high strength titanium alloy during hot compression in the α+β region

This work aims to study the flow behavior, dynamic phase transformation (DPT) and texture evolution of Ti55531 (Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr) alloy in the α+β region. Hot compression tests are carried out at temperatures from 730 to 820 °C and strain rates from 0.001 to 10 s−1 on the Gleeble-3800D simulator. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques are used to analyze the morphology, volume fraction and texture evolution of each phase (primary αp and β phase). The measured stress is corrected for deformation heat, and an Arrhenius-type constitutive model is developed for the alloy in a whole strain range. The mechanisms of the DPT and texture evolution are explained by the grain boundary maps (GBMs), local orientation maps (LOMs), inverse pole figures (IPFs) and Schimid factor (SF). The softening fractions of deformation heat, DPT, and texture to the flow softening are determined according to the mixture law and Taylor theory. It is found that the maximum intensity of texture decreases with strain during initial stages, but it increases sharply with further straining. Orientation distribution function (ODF) shows that some texture components vanish and other new ones appear during deformation, but the texture intensity keeps unchangeable. The softening fraction due to the deformation is significant at strain rates higher than 1.0 s−1, it is in a range from 5.9% to 17.8%. The DPT plays a main role in the softening in strain rates lower than 0.1 s−1, its softening fraction is in a range from 14.7% to 20%.

Multiculturalism and Recognition of the Other in Charles Taylor’s Political Philosophy

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I intend to reconstruct the main points of Taylor’s politics of recognition, starting from the debate about negative and positive liberties. Then, I will focus on the role of the ideal of authenticity in this conception of freedom, as well as on the dialogical conception of the self. Furthermore, I will develop the political consequences of these ideas. In addition to examining McBride's argument about the oppressive character of recognition, I will also address Fraser's objection concerning the sectarian character of Taylor's theory. Furthermore, I also consider Ikäheimo's criticisms in respect to the problem of integration between the horizontal and vertical forms of recognition, the issue of affirmative action, and the idea of a passive subjectivity. Finally, I will centre on Axel Honneth's criticisms to Taylor's idea of recognition in terms of its lack of clarity.

Posisi Muslim dalam Menentukan Pilihan di Pilpres 2019

<p>This study aims to analyze the role and position of individuals in an Islamic society based on al-Qur’an. This research is based on Charles Taylor's individualism theory of a separate person (<em>The Disengaged Self</em>). Interest related to selfhood according to him is an inseparable thing in a community to avoid <em>taqlid</em>, religious fanaticism, and blind nationalism and. Every individuals have to create a disengaged self and strong evaluator themselves.</p><p>This study indicates that Islamic collectivity has often been distorted into practical collectivism which negates the role of individuals and constructs individuals into forced decisions. Finally, the actions of the community are not based on individual awareness in the community based on al-Qur’an. The freedom self-development will have an impact in buliding an strong Islamic community, and apart from blind fanaticism. Islam is a religion that uplifts human reason to be able to express as freely as possible, even in choosing state leaders.</p>

Application of critical distances to fatigue at pores

AbstractThis work applies Taylor's theory of critical distance to quantify the effect of defects on fatigue initiation in an additively manufactured metal. We focus on hollow pores that are ideal spherical, prolate, and oblate spheroids isolated in an otherwise homogeneous linear‐elastic material. These conditions support the development of exact solutions using the exterior Eshelby tensor for a pore in a remote, arbitrary stress field. For spheres, this solution process admits simple closed‐form solutions for principal stresses disturbed by the pore. For prolate and oblate spheroids, we present the solutions as graphical curves showing stress variations under uniaxial tension. This report then extends the analysis to determine the effect of defects on a parametric, power‐law stress range vs fatigue life model. By propagating the distributed stress fields through this model, this study demonstrates the effect of pore size, pore shape, stress, and parametric fatigue properties on the life reduction due to porosity. These results suggest several approaches to increasing fatigue lives in porous materials, eg, reducing the pore size, promoting spherical pores, and increasing the microstructural parameter (comparable to the El Haddad parameter). Results presented in this work may be useful to inform trends of fatigue strength and fatigue initiation lives in metallic alloys with limited porosity, eg, additively manufactured materials that have been HIP'ed.

A coalescence criterion for porous single crystals

Voids can be observed at various scales in ductile materials, frequently of sizes lower than the grain size, leading to porous single crystals materials. Two local deformation modes of porous ductile (single crystals) materials have been identified and referred to as void growth and void coalescence, the latter being characterized by strong interactions between neighboring voids. A simple semi-analytical coalescence criterion for porous single crystals with periodic arrangement of voids is proposed using effective isotropic yield stresses associated with a criterion derived for isotropic materials. An extension of the coalescence criterion is also proposed to account for shear with respect to the coalescence plane. Effective yield stresses are defined using Taylor theory of single crystal deformation, and rely ultimately on the computation of average Taylor factors. Arbitrary sets of slip systems can be considered. The coalescence criterion is assessed through comparisons to numerical limit-analysis results performed using a Fast-Fourier-Transform based solver. A good agreement is observed between the proposed criterion and numerical results for various configurations including different sets of slip systems (Face-Centered-Cubic, Hexagonal-Close-Packed), crystal orientations, void shapes and loading conditions. The competition between void growth and void coalescence is described for specific conditions, emphasizing the strong influence of both crystal orientation and void lattice, as well as their interactions.

One-way true-amplitude migration using matrix decomposition

To meet the requirement of true-amplitude migration and address the shortcomings of the classic one-way wave equations on the dynamic imaging, one-way true-amplitude wave equations were developed. Migration methods, based on the Taylor or other series approximation theory, are introduced to solve the one-way true-amplitude wave equations. This leads to the main weakness of one-way true-amplitude migration for imaging the complex or strong velocity — contrast media — the limited imaging angles. To deal with this issue, we apply a matrix decomposition method to accurately calculate the square-root operator and impose the boundary conditions of the one-way true-amplitude wave equations. Our migration method and the conventional one-way true-amplitude Fourier finite-difference (FFD) migration method are used by us to test and compare the imaging performance. The impulse responses in a strong velocity-contrast model prove that our migration method works for larger imaging angles than the one-way true-amplitude FFD method. The amplitude calculations in a strong-lateral velocity variation media with one reflector and in the Marmousi model demonstrate that our migration method provides better amplitude-preserving performance and offers higher structural imaging quality than the one-way true-amplitude FFD method. We also use field data to indicate the imaging enhancement and the feasibility of our method compared with the one-way true-amplitude FFD method. Our one-way true-amplitude migration method using matrix decomposition fully exploits the features of one-way true-amplitude wave equations with less approximation, and it is capable of producing more accurate amplitude estimations and potentially wider imaging angles.

In-situ micro-tensile investigation of strain rate response along and directions in single crystal nickel

The effect of crystal orientation and strain rate on the deformation behaviour of high-purity Ni single crystals is investigated using in-situ micro-tensile techniques. Ni foils, 12 μm thick, were fashioned into micro-tensile samples. The samples were pulled in tension along <100> and <110> directions at nominal displacement rates of 5 nm/s and 500 nm/s. These orientations were chosen because of the expectation of multiple slip on different numbers of slip systems. Analysis of stress-strain plots in conjunction with orientation imaging revealed that the <110> oriented samples featured a lower yield stress, higher elongation and more complex deformation behaviour than the <100> oriented sample. In fact, the samples with <110> orientation showed two peaks in the engineering stress-strain curves, a unique behaviour hitherto unobserved. The higher strain rate increased the flow strength for both orientations, the results being in broad agreement with macroscopic tests. These results are analysed using plasticity theory, and it is shown that the results obtained from microscopic tests in single crystal Ni are largely consistent with macro-scale behaviour in polycrystalline samples if the appropriate theoretical adjustments are made for size and orientation effects, using Hall-Petch and Taylor theories.

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder

The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the performance of steels and alloys has attracted wide attention in the past decades. Deep cryogenic treatment can improve the strength and hardness of steel at room temperature, provide microstructure stability and improve wear or fatigue resistance of material. In the current study, the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solders are investigated. The influence to microstructure, tensile strength and ductility improvement are discussed. Experimental analysis shows that the tensile strength of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder increases from 36.76 to 46.27 MPa after 600 h of deep cryogenic treatment at 77 K (− 196 °C), the observed strength-time relation is similar to the Taylor theory for the yield strength and dislocation density. Large particles presented in the fracture of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu samples are caused by the high cooling rate as well as the concentration difference between the β-Sn and the eutectic system. The precipitated Ag3Sn particles exhibit relatively uniform distribution in deep cryogenic treated Sn-rich matrix, and the size of Ag3Sn particles becomes smaller with longer deep cryogenic treatment time. It is noted that deep cryogenic treatment can increase the internal stress and the dislocation density, higher dislocation density and good ductility lead to movement of the pre-existing dislocations and specific dislocation configurations. Microscopic experiments on solder joints were performed to investigate the microstructure change. The Intermetallic layers were measured which showed negligible change in thickness. A unified creep and plasticity constitutive model is proposed to simulate the stress–strain relationship under deep cryogenic treatment, the predictions show good agreement compared with experimental results.