Taylor Complex Figure Research Articles

Effects of daytime naps on procedural and declarative memory in patients with schizophrenia

Sleep has been identified as a state that optimizes the consolidation of newly acquired information in memory. Straight memory deficits and sleep disturbances are well-known in patients with schizophrenia. This study tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia have a deficit in procedural and declarative memory consolidation after a short midday nap when compared to healthy controls and patients with remitted to moderate major depression. Following a normal night’s sleep, 22 healthy subjects, 20 patients with major depression and 21 patients with schizophrenia were studied in a napping and wake condition in a random-order cross-over design, early in the afternoon. To test declarative memory, the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test respectively the Taylor Complex Figure Test and, for procedural learning, a mirror tracing task were performed. The present study is the first to demonstrate significant differences between individuals with schizophrenia, depression and healthy matched controls with regard to measures of sleep and memory performance after a short period of daytime sleep (napping). In particular we found that a daytime nap of only about 40 min led to improvement of declarative memory performance in all investigated groups, whereas no beneficial effect was seen on procedural performance in the group of medicated patients with schizophrenia in contrast to healthy controls and patients with remitted to moderate major depression.

Comparability of the Rey-Osterrieth and Modified Taylor Complex Figures Using Total Scores, Completion Times, and Construct Validation

The Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF) was developed as an alternate form for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) to assess visuospatial abilities. The present study examines the comparability of the figures by comparing (a) total scores and completion times on copy and recall trials using a repeated-measures design and an incidental administration procedure, and (b) the pattern of relationships between each of the figures and a number of demographic, convergent, and discriminant measures in a sample of community-dwelling adults. Overall, the study supports the use of the MTCF as a comparable measure of visuospatial memory and construction to the ROCF.

Comparability of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, the Taylor Complex Figure, and the Modified Taylor Complex Figure in a Normal Sample of Japanese Speakers

The comparability of recall performance was examined on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, the Taylor Complex Figure, and the Modified Taylor Complex Figure as measures of visuospatial abilities and visual memory in 66 healthy Japanese university students. A between-subjects design was used in which each of the participants received the three figures. The interrater reliability of each was excellent. While the three figures yielded equivalent copy scores, the Taylor Complex Figure produced significantly higher scores than the other two on both short (3-min.) and delayed (30-min.) recall tests. There were no significant differences between recall scores of the Rey-Osterrieth and the Modified Taylor figures. These results are consistent with the findings of the 2002 study of English-speakers by Hubley and Tremblay, and support that the Modified Taylor Figure is superior to the original one for the companion figure to the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure.

Updated and Extended Flemish Normative Data of Commonly Used Neuropsychological Tests

We present the results of healthy Flemish adults on commonly used neuropsychological tests: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT, form A and form B), Coetsier Story Recall Test (CSRT), Rey Visual Design Learning Test (VDLT), Rey and Taylor Complex Figure Test (CFT), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT, form F and G), Bourdon-Wiersma dot cancellation Test (BW), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Colour Word Test (SCWT), and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Regression analyses reveal a significant effect of age and educational level on almost each test variable. Gender accounted for a proportion of the variance in the copy score of the Rey CFT and in the AVLT (form A). The alternative versions of the Rey AVLT, the Rey and Taylor CFT and the BVRT (form F and G) differ significantly. Normative data, stratified for age, educational level and gender when necessary, are included in an appendix.

Comparing the Rey and Taylor Complex Figures: A Test-Retest Study in Young and Older Adults

The Rey and Taylor figures, two visual perception and memory tests, are not equivalent in terms of their difficulty. The purpose of this study was to examine factors such as age, gender, order of administration, copy time, and copy score that could account for the variability in recall performance. Copy score was shown to be the best overall predictor of recall. Younger participants recalled more units than older participants on both complex figures. Furthermore, older participants appeared to benefit more from the presentation of the Taylor figure first compared to when they were presented with the Rey figure first. The present findings reveal the importance of test order and provide equations that can be used to facilitate the comparison of scores derived from the two figures in test-retest situations.

Comparability of Total Score Performance on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure and a Modified Taylor Complex Figure

One of the most commonly used neuropsychological measures of visuo-spatial abilities is the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) Test. Previous research has reliably shown that its companion figure, the Taylor Complex Figure, is not a comparable measure of visuo-spatial memory. The aims of the three studies presented here are to (a) introduce a modified version of the Taylor Figure (MTCF), and (b) examine the comparability of the ROCF and the MTCF using two different administration procedures. The first two studies used a between-subjects design in which half of the study participants received the ROCF and half received the MTCF. In Study 1, an incidental procedure was used in which participants were asked to first copy a figure and then reproduce it from memory without prior warning. In Study 2, an intentional procedure was used in which participants were first asked to observe the figures for the express purpose of reproducing them from memory followed by delay and copy trials. In Study 3, a within-subjects design using counterbalancing and an intentional procedure was used to examine the comparability of the two figures when administered to the same participants as in a true test-retest situation. Overall, the studies demonstrated that learning, memory, and copy score performance on the MTCF was comparable to that on the ROCF.

Comparability and construct validity of Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures

Comparability and construct validity of Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures

Comparability and construct validity of Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures

Comparability and construct validity of Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures

The modified Taylor complex figure: A comparable measure to the Rey-Osterrieth figure

The modified Taylor complex figure: A comparable measure to the Rey-Osterrieth figure

Inter-scorer reliability on the Rey-Osterrieth and modified Taylor complex figures

Inter-scorer reliability on the Rey-Osterrieth and modified Taylor complex figures

The modified Taylor complex figure: A comparable measure to the Rey-Osterrieth figure

The modified Taylor complex figure: A comparable measure to the Rey-Osterrieth figure

Inter-scorer reliability on the Rey-Osterrieth and modified Taylor complex figures

Inter-scorer reliability on the Rey-Osterrieth and modified Taylor complex figures

Rotated Drawing: The Range of Performance and Anatomical Correlates in a Series of 16 Patients

Recently there has been interest in an unusual neuropsychological disorder in which the patient copies a complex drawing in a position which is grossly rotated relative to the original. This disorder is of interest partly because of its relationship to current theories of the process of object recognition, but the range of performances typically seen, as well as its anatomical correlates, remain obscure. We report 16 cases who produced grossly rotated drawings of the Rey and Taylor Complex Figures. These patients were drawn from an unselected series of 240 cases, with a wide variety of lesion types and sites. The performances of the 16 patients displayed striking similarities. We describe the formal features of these drawings and plot their anatomical correlates.

Comparing the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figures: Empirical Data and Meta-Analysis

We investigated whether performance (copy, immediate, and 30-min delayed recall) on the Rey-Ostenrrieth Figure differed from the Taylor Figure performance in a sample of healthy adults (N = 200). The copy trials showed comparable scores. Immediate and delayed recall showed significantly higher scores for the Taylor Figure. A meta-analysis on studies comparing both figures is in agreement with these findings. Age significantly contributed to the estimation of Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor recall. Rey-Ostenrrieth recall was also influenced by education. Women outperformed men on the Taylor copy and men performed better than women on the Rey-Osterrieth delayed recall. We conclude that the memory trials of both figures are not of equivalent difficulty, with the Taylor Figure being more easily remembered. Performance on both figures is differentially influenced by demographic factors.

Flemish Normative Data on Common Neuropsychological Tests: Influence of Age, Education, and Gender

Normative data on a large, neurologically intact, non psychiatric sample of 200 adult Flemish subjects (male=106, female=94) are presented according to age, education, and gender. The neuropsychological test battery included the Bourdon Wiersma Dot Cancellation, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). the Stroup Color-Word Test(SCWT), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Rey or Taylor Complex Figure Test, version A or B of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), version F or G of the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Stepwise linear regression analyses reveal a significant effect of education on all measures except Dot Cancellation and an interference score of the SCWT. Age contributed significantly to performance on memory tests and timed tests. Gender only accounted for a proportion of the variance in the copy score of the Taylor Complex Figure, the delayed recall score of the Rey Complex Figure, and the results of the AVLT. The two alternate versions of the AVLT are interchangeable. The Rey and Taylor Complex Figures are not of equivalent difficulty and differentially influenced by demographic factors, as well as versions F and G of the BVRT.

Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures: Equivalent measures of visual organization and visual memory in ADHD and normal children

Abstract The Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures are considered equivalent measures of visual construction and memory. Some investigators have recently questioned this equivalence in adults. The present investigation addresses the question of equivalence of the two figures for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and for normal children. Thirty hyperactive children of normal intelligence and 20 matched normal controls were administered the two complex designs. Scoring was performed according to the standard itemized procedure (Lezak, 1983) and the organization component of the scoring system described by Waber and Holmes (1985). Results demonstrated no difference between the designs. This suggests that children find them equally difficult both for copy and for recall. The clinical implications of using one or the other of the two scoring approaches are discussed.

Right-sided versus left-sided difficulty on the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figure Tests: A story of balance and imbalance

Right-sided versus left-sided difficulty on the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figure Tests: A story of balance and imbalance

Right-sided versus left-sided difficulty on the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figure Tests: A story of balance and imbalance

Journal Article Right-sided versus left-sided difficulty on the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figure Tests: A story of balance and imbalance Get access S.L. Hamby, S.L. Hamby Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.A. Bardi, C.A. Bardi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.W. Wilkins J.W. Wilkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Volume 10, Issue 4, 1995, Pages 336–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/10.4.336 Published: 01 July 1995

Explicit scoring criteria for the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures

Abstract Explicit scoring criteria based on the Taylor-Osterrieth method were developed for the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figure Tests. Without such criteria, clinicians and researchers are left to develop their own idiographic scoring systems, leading to low interrater reliability, especially in the middle range of scores. Criteria were applied to the copy and 30-min recall protocols of 101 subjects infected with HIV. Results indicate that the criteria presented are reliable across a wide range of scores, making them useful for tracking subtle changes over time. Independent raters were within two points of each other on 90.1 % of the copy and 88.1% of recall scores, with a maximum disagreement of five points on two copy protocols. The Taylor figure was also found to be more easily remembered than the Rey-Osterrieth, calling into question their interchangeability. Explicit criteria are particularly useful in research settings. They ensure interrater reliability over time and across examiners in longitudinal studies, enhance the detection of subtle differences within the normal range, and allow comparison of results obtained by different investigators.

Organizational quality on the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor Complex Figure Tests: A new scoring system.

A new system for measuring organizational quality on the Complex Figure Test (Rey, 1942; Taylor, 1969) is described. This system extends the traditional use of the test as a measure of constructional ability and figural memory. The new system is easy to learn, quick to score, and shows very good interrater reliability. Organizational quality was found to correlate moderately with copy accuracy, half-hour recall, and percentage retained. In an initial application of the system (N = 63), organizational quality of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure successfully discriminated between symptomatic (those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] or AIDS-related complex [ARC]) and asymptomatic subjects positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but organizational quality ratings of the Taylor figure did not