Taylor Analogy Breakup Model Research Articles

Computational insights into gas atomization of FeCoNiCrMoBSi high-entropy alloy: From droplet formation to rapid solidification

The intricate processes governing the gas atomization of molten metal droplets and their subsequent solidification hold paramount significance in materials science. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have emerged as indispensable tools for unraveling the complexities inherent in metal melt atomization. This study employed the volume of fluid method and the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model to simulate the primary atomization process of a FeCoNiCrMoBSi high-entropy alloy. Subsequently, the discrete phase model and Taylor analogy breakup model, based on the gas Weber number and incorporating primary atomization outcomes as initial conditions, were utilized to simulate droplet formation during the secondary atomization process. Analysis of the particle size distribution at the outlet of the geometric model demonstrated excellent agreement with experimental data for gas-atomized FeCoNiCrMoBSi high-entropy alloy powder. Furthermore, comprehensive characterization analyses were conducted to probe the phase constitution and structure of FeCoNiCrMoBSi powder produced by gas atomization. The results revealed that, irrespective of particle size, the powder exhibited a face-centered cubic structure and distinctive eutectic microstructural characteristics. The numerical simulation provided insights into the solidification process of secondary droplets by integrating inverse pole figure data for gas-atomized powder across varying particle sizes. The estimated cooling rate of secondary droplets ranged from 1.22 × 104 K/s to 2.64 × 105 K/s. These findings significantly advance the understanding of the gas atomization mechanism of the FeCoNiCrMoBSi high-entropy alloy, paving the way for the development of more efficient manufacturing processes for advanced materials.

Boundary element method for modeling droplet deformation in secondary atomization

A droplet deformation model based on the combination of an axisymmetric Boundary Element Method (BEM), Viscous Potential Flow (VPF) theory, and a simplified heuristic model for the action of aerodynamic forces is presented. The model predicts droplet distortion and interface shape up to the point of initial droplet break-up. To address liquid viscosity a previously introduced Generalized Viscous Pressure Correction was employed after its extension to 3D axisymmetric cases. Assumed are thin boundary layers within the droplet phase, a high density ratio between the two phases and moderate Reynolds numbers. The model requires at most around 200 flow variables to properly predict droplet deformation and distortion. The overall model produces results comparable to those of the Taylor Analogy Breakup model and its nonlinear version in the vibrational regime. However, it requires a calibration factor of 1.36 for the aerodynamic local pressure, in order to obtain the correct critical Weber number of around 12. In the bag and bag-stamen regimes, the droplet shape and distortion parameters are in good agreement with experimental data. Overall, the results indicate that the present modeling approach might be used as sub-grid model for droplet dynamics in multiphase flow simulation with a highly dispersed liquid phase.

Drop Interactions with the Conical Shock Structure Generated by a Mach 4.5 Projectile

This work presents measurements of liquid drop deformation and breakup time behind approximately conical shock waves and evaluates the predictive capabilities of low-order models and correlations developed using planar shock experiments. A conical shock was approximated by firing a bullet at Mach 4.5 past a vertical column of water drops with a mean initial diameter of . The time-resolved drop position and maximum transverse dimension were characterized using backlit stereo images taken at 500 kHz. The gas density and velocity fields experienced by the drops were estimated using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of the bullet. Classical correlations predict drop breakup times and deformation in error by a factor of 3 or more. The Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) model predicts deformed drop diameters that agree within the confidence bounds of the ensemble-averaged experimental values using a dimensionless constant compared to the accepted value . Results demonstrate existing correlations are inadequate for predicting the drop response to the three-dimensional relaxation of the flowfield downstream of a conical-like shock and suggest the TAB model results represent a path toward improved predictions.

Euler–Lagrange stochastic modeling of droplet breakup and impact in supersonic flight

Blunt bodied aircraft traveling supersonically in weather environments may be damaged by impacts with water droplets and other airborne particles, such as snow and ice. Prior to an impact, these particles will encounter a bow shock that causes a discontinuity in their relative velocity with the gas phase, which can lead droplets to breakup into smaller droplets. These smaller droplets are more easily diverted from colliding with the blunt body due to their significantly reduced inertia relative to the initial rain droplets. One-way coupled Euler–Lagrange simulations are used to study the dynamics of droplets approaching a blunt body in steady two dimensional and axi-symmetric flow fields using a stochastic version of the Taylor analogy breakup model for the breakup dynamics. Ultimately, the dominant mechanism determining engineering quantities of interest was observed to be a competition between breakup time and the time available for a droplet to reach the body after encountering the bow shock. At Mach numbers 2, 3, and 6, the competition between these mechanisms was the dominant factor determining the momentum transfer to the blunt body via droplet collisions, which can be well characterized by a scaling relation.

Numerical and Experimental Spray Analysis of Castor and Jatropha Biodiesel under Non-Evaporating Conditions

Fuel spray characteristics influence combustion, which in turn has a direct impact on engine performance and emissions. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in novel castor oil biodiesel. However, few investigations have been performed that combine both numerical and experimental biodiesel spray analyses. Hence, in this paper, we aim to explore the spray behavior of castor and jatropha biodiesel by employing numerical and experimental methods under non-evaporating, varying injection, and ambient conditions. The experimental study was carried out in a control volume vessel (CVV) at high injection and ambient pressures. The fuel atomization was modelled in ANSYS Fluent using a Lagrangian/Eulerian multiphase formulation. The results revealed that the Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor (KHRT) model coupled with the Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model provide a better estimation of the penetration length (PL) and spray cone angle (SCA) compared to the KH and TAB models. On average, Jatropha biodiesel (JB-20) and castor biodiesel (CB-20) showed a 10% to 22% longer PL, 8% to 10.6% narrower spray cone angles, and 3% to 6% less spray area, respectively, compared to diesel. The numerical predictions showed that JB-20 and CB-20 had an around 24.7–48.3% larger Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and a 38.6–73.3% average mean diameter (AMD).

Numerical and experimental analysis on spray characteristics of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) using pressure swirl atomizer

Atomization characteristics and evaporation have major role in air-fuel mixing and the combustion process in diesel engine. The aim of this study is to perform numerical and experimental analysis to investigate the spray pattern of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) generated from pressure swirl atomizer. The computation exhibits Eularian-Lagrangian method to comprise flow of multiphase and also linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to envisage atomization, sheet breakup, and film formation. The model's strength is the identification structure of spray created from pressure swirl atomizer. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics work consisting of LISA and Taylor analogy breakup model are certified via experimentation taken from constant volume chamber. Further, spray tip penetration, cone angle, and sauter mean diameter (SMD) are identified for fuel (B100, B25, and D) under injection pressure of 110 and 160 MPa, and 2.8 MPa ambient pressure using swirl atomizer in constant volume chamber. This particular spray is quite important for application in diesel engines but is not extensively explored. The results reveal that as injection pressure increases from 110 MPa to 160 MPa. The spray tip penetration for B100, B25, and D are increased by 19.86%, 14.90%, and 14.50% respectively, further, cone angle at the start of injection decreases by 6%, 5%, and 3.41%, similarly, the average SMD decreases by 25%, 33.33%, and 25.4%, respectively. This is due to the rheological property of fuel, turbulent energy of droplet and air is maximum in primary breakup zone.

Theoretical deformation modeling and drop size prediction in the multimode breakup regime

A theoretical model has been proposed to incorporate internal flow mechanics to better predict the deformation and the resulting breakup of a liquid drop in a continuous uniform air jet in the multimode breakup regime. A Weber-number-dependent breakup criterion predicts the deformation of the drop at the time of the breakup, which occurs at the time the internal pressure at the drop equator exceeds internal pressure at the pole. This breakup criterion is used to determine an improved coefficient used in the Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model. The TAB model is also extended to include the effects of turbulence within the drop. Hill vortices form within the drop as a result of viscous forces and flow around the drop. It is proposed that these vortices contribute to the deformation that eventually leads to the outer ring and smaller drop within the ring that is classic to multimode breakup. Instability analysis is used to model the breakup of the outer ring and predict the resultant droplet sizes. The model-predicted breakup times and ring breakup droplet diameter are compared with experimental results collected using digital in-line holography.

Effect of Rain on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine – A Computational Study

This paper analyzes numerically the impact of rainfall on the aerodynamic performance of a three-bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, with blades constructed by NACA 4418 airfoil. The simulations were conducted by the help of the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics code, ANSYS Fluent. Firstly, the optimum geometry of the blade was designed with an application based on Blade Element Momentum theory. The Moving Reference Frame Model was applicated to simulate the rotation of the blades and the k-ω shear-stress transport turbulence model was added as well. The simulation of rain was accomplished by the Discrete Phase Model and the Taylor Analogy Breakup model was enabled to simulate droplets breakup. Three different rainfall conditions were studied, corresponding to Liquid Water Contents of 10g/m³, 30g/m³ and 60g/m³. The influence of droplet diameter on the aerodynamic performance of the blade was also examined. The results showed that the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine is degraded in rain conditions, and the degradation is greater for higher values of Liquid Water Content and for larger diameter of water droplets.

Atomization and spray characteristics around an ERBS using various operational models and conditions: numerical investigation

The impetus of the current paper is to conduct numerical evaluations about the fundamental behaviors of the flow in an electrostatic rotary bell sprayer (ERBS) during the formation of the droplets and depositing on a target. The effect of operational parameters like bell rotational speed, shaping air and paint flow rate, electrical charge values and droplet distributions are considered precisely. Here, an Eulerian-Lagrangian algorithm that contains a model for airflow field, spray dynamics, electric charge field, droplet trajectory tracking and wall film dynamics has been extended by using the OpenFOAM package. The fluid dynamics is computed by using a large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model. The mechanism of atomization is facilitated by the action of the centrifugal force that conducted the disintegrated droplets to the cup edge. Following that, the high-velocity droplets affected by the shaping airflow and electric force are transported towards the workpiece. The effect of the bell rotational speed in comparison with other parameters is dominant. The measured size of the droplets is controlled by increasing the bell rotational speed or decreasing the paint flow rate, in this case, promoting a reduction in droplet size. The droplet size near the bell cup was increased noticeably, however, their radius becomes more uniform at a longer lateral distance. Investigation of the various breakup models is one of the main goals of this work to predict the droplet size more precisely. The Reitz-KHRT, Reitz-Diwakar, Pilch-Erdman and the newly modified TAB model are examined in order to predict the breakup process in the ERBS. As the paint droplets are a viscous fluid a modification of the Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) approach taking non-linear influences for large viscosity into account is recommended. The use of the breakup models creates a smaller droplet size and this means they are more sensitive to recirculation regions flow pattern. The implemented wall film function was able to predict the transport in the boundary layer over the target. The numerical results describe exact values for the size, distribution, velocity and trajectory of the particles in ERBS, and these results are important for coating industries, in order to optimize their working conditions.

Effects of the physical properties of fuel on spray characteristics from a gas turbine nozzle

Abstract In a gas turbine combustion system, droplet distribution in the combustor directly affects the combustion process. Fuel droplet size and droplet velocity determine the fuel droplet distribution in the combustor. The present study aims to investigate effects of physical properties on spray characteristics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Spray modeling was performed to analyze the spray characteristics for different fuel physical properties. The hollow cone spray of a gas turbine nozzle was modeled using a LISA (Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization)-TAB(Taylor Analogy Breakup) model with commercial CFD code called, ANSYS Fluent 16.2. The model was validated against the experimental results, which were obtained by PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) and spray tomography. Based on this spray model, the effect of fuel physical properties on spray characteristics were determined. In addition, because the spray patterns differed various injection fluids, the spray characteristics of the gas turbine nozzle with various injection fluids were considered from the perspective of fuel physical properties. It was found that higher density, viscosity and surface tension delayed the atomization process and that density and surface tension have a more significant effect on spray atomization, than viscosity in the catastrophic breakup regime.

Design of a Double-Nozzle Air Spray Gun and Numerical Research in the Interference Spray Flow Field

Spray painting robots equipped with air spray guns have been widely used in the painting industry. In view of the low efficiency of single-nozzle air spray guns when spraying large targets, a new double-nozzle air spray gun structure was designed in this paper based on the Coanda effect of double jets. Firstly, a 3-D physical model of the double-nozzle air spray gun was built in Solidworks, in which unstructured grids were generated for the computational domain by ICEM. Secondly, the spray painting process was numerically modeled with the help of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-Fluent 16.0. The two-phase spray flow was calculated by coupling a discrete phase model (DPM) and the Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) method. The TAB model was applied to predict the secondary break-up. The DPM model was applied to predict the droplet trajectories. The geometry of an air spray gun has a significant influence on the spray flow field characteristics. The influence of the air spray gun geometry on the interference spray flow field characteristics and coating film thickness distribution were investigated by changing the values of the distance between the centers of the two paint holes (L) and the angle between the axes of the two paint holes (θ). Numerical results show that the smaller L and θ are, the stronger the interference effect between the two jets, while the more concentrated the paint is in the central region of the target surface, the easier it is for overspray to occur. With increasing L and θ, the interference effect gradually decreased and the extension distance of the coating film along the x-axis gradually increased. However, if L and θ are too large, the interference effect will become too weak and the shape of the coating film will become a concave, with more paint on both side regions and less paint in the central region, which will cause an uneven coating film. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that a more uniform coating film can be obtained when L = 30 mm and θ = 10°. The effective coating width of the double-nozzle air spray gun was increased by 85.7% compared with the single-nozzle air spray gun, which improved the spraying efficiency.

Assessment of Droplet Breakup Models for Spray Flow Simulations

In this paper we examine droplet behavior and macroscopic atomization characteristics of a non-reactive liquid spray via a series of large-eddy simulations. In our numerical study we examine three popular models for spray atomization, namely, the Taylor analogy breakup (TAB), Reitz–Diwakar and Pilch–Erdman models, and compare their predictions against available experimental data. According to our simulations, and for the flow conditions considered herein, the TAB model exhibits a slightly better performance than the other two models do. Further, since the TAB model is known to underestimate the effect of disruptive drag forces, we present a modification to it and assess its predictive capacity. More specifically, according to the numerical test presented herein, our modification has the potential to improve the accuracy in the numerical computation of important global quantities of the spray, such as the liquid and vapor penetration distances.

Numerical investigation of the full-cone spray structure and characteristics provided by a jet-swirl atomizer

Jet-swirl atomizers are one of the pressure-swirl atomizers that produce full-cone spray. Although many hollow-cone pressure-swirl sprays have been studied, characteristic investigation of pressure-swirl full-cone sprays are limited to a few experimental, analytical, and numerical works where each of them investigate some of the main spray parameters. The few existing numerical studies are limited to calculate the coefficient of discharge and spray cone angle. Current numerical study investigate a newly developed jet-swirl atomizer with pressure-swirl full-cone spray, which considers other important full-cone spray characteristics including Sauter mean diameter, D10, and spray tip penetration along with the spray structure. In this study, a full-cone spray based on a newly developed jet-swirl injector is numerically simulated and analyzed using sprayFoam solver in the OpenFOAM 4.1 software. The existing code of the solver is developed and its dictionary is modified. The C+ + Sauter mean diameter and D10 codes on the cross-sectional surface are developed and this feature is added to the sprayFoam solver. The pre-published experimental and current work numerical results were in good agreement. In the simulation process, blob sheet model is used for the spray primary breakup. Two models including Taylor analogy breakup and Reitz–Diwakar have been used for the secondary breakup of the developed jet-swirl atomizer. This work shows that the results of the Reitz–Diwakar model are close to that of the Taylor analogy breakup model. The time-varying results of Sauter mean diameter, D10, and spray tip penetration are found to be in good agreement in both models. The results show that the Reitz–Diwakar model is stabilized somewhat later than the Taylor analogy breakup model. The simulated spray structure shows that the density of droplets is higher in the spray center region and this density is gradually reduced through the radial direction. The results along the radius show that the diameter of the droplets becomes larger while moving away from the center of the spray.

Three-dimensional flow structures and droplet-gas mixing process of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow

The mixing process of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow with a Mach number of 2.1 was investigated numerically using large eddy simulation (LES) based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The gas phase was described using the Navier-Stokes equations and the liquid phase was represented using discrete droplets, which were injected and tracked in the computational domain individually according to Newton's second law of motion. The KH (Kelvin-Helmholtz) breakup model was used to calculate the droplet stripping process, and the secondary breakup process was simulated by coupling the RT (Rayleigh-Taylor) breakup model and the TAB (Taylor Analogy Breakup) model. Two-way coupling was enforced to consider the momentum and energy exchange between the gas and the droplets. It was found that the LES predicted spray characteristics, including spray penetration and cross-sectional distribution, agree reasonably well with the experiment. The major gas flow structures such as the bow shock, the large-scale vortices, and the recirculation zones were replicated successfully in the simulations. It was found that the gas flow structures have a significant effect on the mixing process of the droplets. The simulation results revealed that two sets of counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) exist in the gas-liquid mixing region. Under the influence of CVP, part droplets were transported to the near wall region and subsequently to both sides of the core spray region. The formation mechanism of the CVP was analyzed by comparing the pressure gradient and the source term of droplets in the Navier-Stokes equations. Differences of the mixing process of liquid jet in supersonic crossflow, gas jet in supersonic crossflow and liquid jet in incompressible crossflow were identified.

The study of droplet deformation and droplet volume fraction in an aero-engine bearing chamber

Inside an aero-engine bearing chamber, the shape, velocity, and temperature of each droplet shed from roller elements keep changing under the actions of the rotating airflow. Research on droplet deformation, droplet motion, and droplet volume fraction is fundamental to the understanding of the complex two-phase flow in an aero-engine bearing chamber. In this paper, the modified Taylor analogy breakup model, equations of temperature and motion are established to obtain the size, temperature, and velocity of a deformed droplet. Subsequently, a method is presented to solve for the droplet volume fraction in a bearing chamber based on the size and motion parameters of deformed droplets. In the end, a simplified bearing chamber experimental setup has been constructed. Comparisons between the experimental results and theoretical calculations show a good match based upon the research analogy used. The research work in this paper can provide theoretical foundations for the analyses of heat exchange and lubrication in bearing chambers. This also has great significance in realizing the rigorous design required for the lubrication system of an aero-engine.

Eulerian–Lagrangian method for liquid jet atomization in supersonic crossflow using statistical injection model

An integrated Eulerian–Lagrangian method has been proposed to simulate liquid jet in supersonic flow. The carrier fluid surrounding the liquid droplets is described by multicomponent Navier–Stokes equations based on stationary (Eulerian) Cartesian grid, and the Lagrangian-discrete droplet method is employed to represent the behavior of atomized droplets in this work. A total of three classic breakup models, Taylor analogy breakup model, Reitz wave model, and Kelvin–Helmholtz/Rayleigh–Taylor hybrid model, are discussed under supersonic conditions, and model predictions are compared to experimental data through multiple perspectives quantitatively. More accurate predictions of liquid penetration, as well as droplet size distribution, can be achieved for specific conditions with Kelvin–Helmholtz/Rayleigh–Taylor hybrid model comparing to other breakup models. Additionally, a statistical injection model has been introduced to depict droplet dispersion in the near-nozzle region. The probability density function is utilized to predict the size and position of the injected droplet, and the four commonly used probability density functions, uniform, chi-squared, Nukiyama–Tanasawa, and Rosin–Rammler, are analyzed. The influence of statistical representation of injection condition is discussed. The simulation results indicate that the random components in the velocity and droplet size of the injected droplets have a significant impact on the structure of the liquid jet in high-speed flow.

Numerical Study of Suspension HVOF Spray and Particle Behavior Near Flat and Cylindrical Substrates

In thermal spray processes, it is demonstrated that substrate shape and location have significant effects on particle in-flight behavior and coatings quality. In the present work, the suspension high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying process is modeled using a three-dimensional two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. Flat and cylindrical substrates are placed at different standoff distances, and particles characteristics near the substrates and upon impact are studied. Suspension is a mixture of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and mullite solid powder (3Al2O3·2SiO2) in this study. Suspension droplets with predefined size distribution are injected into the combustion chamber, and the droplet breakup phenomenon is simulated using Taylor analogy breakup model. Furthermore, the eddy dissipation model is used to model the premixed combustion of oxygen–propylene, and non-premixed combustion of oxygen–ethanol and oxygen–ethylene glycol. To simulate the gas phase turbulence, the realizable k–e model is applied. In addition, as soon as the breakup and combustion phenomena are completed, the solid/molten mullite particles are tracked through the domain. It is shown that as the standoff distance increases the particle temperature and velocity decrease and the particle trajectory deviation becomes more significant. The effect of stagnation region on the particle velocity and temperature is also discussed in detail. The catch rate, which is defined as the ratio of the mass of landed particles to injected particles, is calculated for different substrate shapes and standoff distances in this study. The numerical results presented here is consistent with the experimental data in the literature for the same operating conditions.

Improved Taylor analogy breakup and Clark models for droplet deformation prediction

The deformation of rain droplet at the leading edge of a wing is critical to the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft under heavy rainfall and icing conditions. This study introduces the improvement of the Taylor analogy breakup and Clark models for prediction of droplet deformation near the leading edge of an airfoil. The slip velocity is considered as time-variant in the improved Taylor analogy breakup model. The viscous force is optimized in the improved Clark model. The prediction results suggest that the Clark models predict better results than the Taylor analogy breakup models. Besides, the improved Clark model has the highest prediction accuracy. However, considering the Clark model is derived based on a two-dimensional model, even the improved model still has some unavoidable deviations from the real situation. In addition, the simplified surface area in the surface tension force and the approximation of the pressure force in the original Clark model are very effective, thus are kept the same in the improved Clark model.

Computational sensitivity study of spray dispersion and mixing on the fuel properties in a gas turbine combustor

A swirl stabilized gas turbine burner has been simulated in order to assess the effects of the fuel properties on spray dispersion and fuel–air mixing. The properties under consideration include fuel surface tension, viscosity and density. The turbulence of the gas phase is modeled applying the methodology of large eddy simulation whereas the dispersed liquid phase is described by Lagrangian particle tracking. The exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the two phases is accounted for by two-way coupling. Bag and stripping breakup regimes are considered for secondary droplet breakup, using the Reitz–Diwakar and the Taylor analogy breakup models. Moreover, a model for droplet evaporation is included. The results reveal a high sensitivity of the spray structure to variations of all investigated parameters. In particular, a decrease in the surface tension or the fuel viscosity, or an increase in the fuel density, lead to less stable liquid structures. As a consequence, smaller droplets are generated and the overall spray surface area increases, leading to faster evaporation and mixing. Furthermore, with the trajectories of the small droplets being strongly influenced by aerodynamic forces (and less by their own inertia), the spray is more affected by the turbulent structures of the gaseous phase and the spray dispersion is enhanced.

Numerical simulation of the gas-liquid interaction of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow

The gas-liquid interaction process of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow with a Mach number of 1.94 was investigated numerically using the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The KH (Kelvin-Helmholtz) breakup model was used to calculate the droplet stripping process, and the secondary breakup process was simulated by the competition of RT (Rayleigh-Taylor) breakup model and TAB (Taylor Analogy Breakup) model. A correction of drag coefficient was proposed by considering the compressible effects and the deformation of droplets. The location and velocity models of child droplets after breakup were improved according to droplet deformation. It was found that the calculated spray features, including spray penetration, droplet size distribution and droplet velocity profile agree reasonably well with the experiment. Numerical results revealed that the streamlines of air flow could intersect with the trajectory of droplets and are deflected towards the near-wall region after they enter into spray zone around the central plane. The analysis of gas-liquid relative velocity and droplet deformation suggested that the breakup of droplets mainly occurs around the front region of the spray where gathered a large number of droplets with different sizes. The liquid trailing phenomenon of jet spray which has been discovered by the previous experiment was successfully captured, and a reasonable explanation was given based on the analysis of gas-liquid interaction process.