Taxonomic System Research Articles

The range of developmental potential of the game as a subject program

The range of developmental potential of the game as a subject program

Explicit and hidden zoological categories in early Chinese taxonomies

AbstractThe present article investigates the problems of zoological taxonomical categories in texts that range from the Warring States (ca. 453–221 BCE) to the Eastern Han periods (25–220 CE). It focuses its attention on theErya(attested 3rd c. BCE), a work that had a pivotal role during the development of Chinese lexicography. This terse glossary is probably one of the first texts that deal with the problem of taxonomical classification in early China through the use of syntactical devices that I call “categorical markers”, i.e. normalised characters that introduce an ontologically independent category of entities. By dint of the analysis of selected case studies, it will be shown that along fairly well attested “categorical markers” that constitute dichotomous systems (such asshou獸 “quadruped furred creatures” versusniao鳥 “bipedal winged creatures”), early Chinese taxonomies reveal less explicit linguistic devices that are implied in zoological classification, e.g. the presence of “sub-categorical markers” as noun modifiers (chou醜 “being physically similar” orshu屬 “to belong to a category”) used in order to create embedded taxonomies within the standard “categorical markers”. This complexity reveals an organised taxonomical system that helps us to better define the early Chinese conception of the natural world.

A survey of social ecologies in the freshwater biomes of highland Lesotho and the adjacent Eastern Cape, South Africa

Maloti-Drakensberg environments are highly localised, susceptible to changes in regional weather patterns and, through marked variations of topography, prone to imposing differing conditions even within relatively small areas. The resulting ‘archipelago’ of ecosystems, with often correspondingly specialised endemics, poses an observational challenge to research and governance institutions inclined to process these conditions in aggregate, for whom localised variances may be difficult to parse. Local indigenous, or ‘contextual’, communities, by contrast, live these conditions, having developed idiomatic frameworks for processing and communicating environmental complexity. For research, knowledge-making partnerships with such communities thus have great potential, offering observational and data-processing capacities that stem from an ontological emplacement in situ. One significant complication is that some regional idiomatic systems used to classify the world have an inherently social basis, recognising the human element as just one layer of a greater socioecological whole, contrasting common Western-materialist approaches. This study presents classifications made of ‘river snakes’ among a range of Maloti-Drakensberg communities, as examples of where idiomatic systems may differ from research perspectives. The instability and contingency of these classifications speaks to a contextual/behavioural taxonomic system; one that makes things what they are by virtue of where and who they are to the observer. Given the role of ‘river snakes’ and the specialists who classify them in the (re)production of local knowledge systems, these factors require attention from researchers seeking constructive engagement.

Venturing into auditing of reference libraries: from the hackathon on marine invertebrates to sorting with BAGS

Reference libraries of DNA sequences are the backbone of DNA-based taxonomic identification systems. The quality and accuracy of the data in reference libraries is critical to achieve reliable identifications. Faulty or inaccurate data may have detrimental impacts in various downstream applications, perpetuating errors over long-term studies and biodiversity data repositories. This risk is particularly prevalent in metabarcoding approaches, where millions of sequences are assigned to taxa in reference libraries through automated and frequently unsupervised procedures. Although quality-compliance measures have been implemented in several stages of the DNA barcode production workflow, no systematized approach has tackled the challenges of revision, curation and annotation of reference libraries. The trend for increasing detection of cryptic diversity further complicates this task. Here we outline the conclusions of the application of two distinct approaches to audit and annotate reference libraries: the hackathon on marine invertebrates hosted by the 8th IBOL conference, and the bioinformatics application “Barcode, Audit & Grade System” (BAGS; Fontes et al. 2021). The former consisted on the assembly of 18 researchers involved in marine barcoding, aiming to audit and annotate a very large number DNA barcode records available in BOLD from major marine invertebrate taxa, including all or selected groups of Annelida, Crustacea, Echinodermata and Mollusca. Discordant Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), that is, BINs including more than one species, were reviewed individually, and the respective records annotated with one of the 4 following tags: MIS-ID (misidentification); AMBIG (ambiguous, unable to resolve); COMPLEX (multiple BINs); SHARE (barcodes shared among species in the same BIN). This effort resulted in the processing of >80.000 barcodes, corresponding to >7.500 species, of which 7% were tagged MIS-ID, 17% AMBIG, 13% COMPLEX and 1% SHARE, with Gastropoda displaying particularly high levels of ambiguity. The sizeable portion of MIS-ID and AMBIG tags raises concern. Yet, part of the AMBIG tags merely reflect underlying uncertainty in species taxonomic status, rather than the deposition of erroneous data in BOLD. Hence, in addition to auditing and annotation, extensive effort should continue to be allocated to the underpinning alpha taxonomy of reference libraries. The second approach here described is BAGS, which consists on an R-based application that provides an user-friendly platform for automated auditing of user-selected metazoan cytochrome oxidase I (COI) reference libraries. BAGS sorts BOLD’s records and species into 5 grades, depending on whether they display BIN concordance (A, B) multiple BINs (C), less than two records (D) or discordant BINs (E). A WoRMS-linked filter allows to select or exclude marine taxa, and a reporting component provides a graphical overview and FASTA files assorted in different combinations of grades. Therefore, BAGS can provide a quick appraisal of the status of an user-defined reference library, allowing simultaneously to recognize the most reliable records, the incidence of cases high intraspecific divergence, gaps in representativeness, and inaccuracies of potential concern. A pilot assessment of BAGS performance in three datasets comprising marine fish, Chironomidae (Insecta) and marine Amphipoda (Crustacea) highlighted the differences in the congruence status of the respective reference libraries. In conclusion, the hackathon had and expressive contribution to the revision and annotation of a very large number of marine invertebrate records lodged in BOLD. Human-mediated revision is highly-reliable and consequential, however, it constituted a massive undertaking that can hardly be repeated without a previous refinement and substantial reduction of the datasets to be revised. This could be achieved resorting to automated revision systems, among which BAGS constitutes a first step. We intend to progress with the expansion and improvement of BAGS, namely by introducing further refinements in the analyses of grade E data, in order to automatically discard simple cases of discordance, thereby reducing the amount of data needing human-mediated revision. Recognition of the need for automated reference library auditing and curation systems is essential to raise confidence of researchers, environmental managers and governmental agencies for the adoption and implementation of DNA-based approaches in aquatic biomonitoring.

Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings

School buildings being a critical social infrastructure, assessment of their seismic behaviour is of utmost importance in ensuring safe schooling facilities in locations of high seismicity. This study presents two important aspects in analysing any existing building stock for seismic behaviour: the development of an appropriate taxonomy system and an appropriate analytical method to conduct fragility assessment. A detailed desk study of existing schools’ databases and tailored field investigation in Guwahati, Assam, situated in India’s highest seismic zone, reveal that the majority of school buildings can be categorised within the confined masonry (CM) typology. This study discusses first, the addition to the World Bank promoted Global Library of School Infrastructure taxonomy of the specific category relating to CM as to include the buildings under study, which are non-engineered CM buildings with flexible roofs. Identifying the density of confinement and quality of connections as critical parameters for the seismic response of these buildings, varying seismic design levels are defined in relation to these indicators. Secondly, the paper presents an approach for carrying out nonlinear static pushover analysis of these buildings with flexible diaphragms and elaborates on the criteria adopted for determining the performance drift limits in buildings with varying levels of seismic design. Numerical analysis for the capacity assessment of selected index buildings is carried out using a commercial software that enables nonlinear extreme loading analysis. Different failure mechanisms as a function of the level of confinement are identified and the performance range for three damage states for three index buildings is obtained by using the N2 method. The study shows the influence of both choices of performance indicators and intensity measure on the resulting fragility functions. Given the consistency of the educational building stock in Guwahati, the results can be used for investment on retrofit decision making at regional level.

Out of the Pan‐Himalaya: Evolutionary history of the Paeoniaceae revealed by phylogenomics

AbstractPeonies (the Paeoniaceae, Paeonia L.) are famous garden flowers, medicinal plants, and edible oil crops, but their evolutionary history largely remains unknown. To probe into their phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary history, formation of present distribution pattern, and origins of tetraploids, we sequenced 25 fragments belonging to 20 single copy nuclear genes and 14 chloroplast regions of all species in the genus to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, date the divergence times of lineages, infer the ancestral biogeographical regions, and document the parents of tetraploids. Our results show that Paeoniaceae separated from the other members in Saxifragales in the Campanian of the late Cretaceous and diverged into two clades, woody and herbaceous clades, in the late Oligocene or early Miocene. They survived and early diverged in the Pan‐Himalaya where they migrated eastwards to East Asia and further to NW America, and northwards to Middle Asia, and further to Europe. The woody lineage differentiated into two sublineages with accelerated root or floral disk evolution, while the herbaceous lineage diverged into five sublineages. Multiple glacial and interglacial cycles in Europe in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene created opportunities for the peony species to meet and hybridize in the Mediterranean refugia, giving rise to eight allotetraploid species and four infraspecific tetraploids. Paeonia daurica Andrews, P. obovata Maxim., and P. tenuifolia L. served as the most important parents. The phylogeny of Paeonia L. implies that a new taxonomic system with two subgenera and seven sections should be proposed.

Microbial Taxonomy Run Amok.

DNA sequencing has led to an explosion in discovery of microbial phylogenetic novelty, especially that represented by uncultivated taxa, to which the traditional system of prokaryotic taxonomy has not adapted. A lack of expansion of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP, 'the Code') to effectively capture this information has created a 'wild west' situation where names are published or appear in popular reference databases without further verification or validation. The rapid propagation of variant and questionable naming methods has led to widespread confusion and undermines prior accomplishments. We exemplify inconsistencies that have arisen from this practice and endanger the interoperability of scientific findings. The immediate solution to this problem is to develop and adopt universal best practices that are accepted by expert researchers, major publishers, the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), and international microbiological societies.

Measuring diagnostic heterogeneity using text-mining of the lived experiences of patients

BackgroundThe diagnostic system is fundamental to any health discipline, including mental health, as it defines mental illness and helps inform possible treatment and prognosis. Thus, the procedure to estimate the reliability of such a system is of utmost importance. The current ways of measuring the reliability of the diagnostic system have limitations. In this study, we propose an alternative approach for verifying and measuring the reliability of the existing system.MethodsWe perform Jaccard’s similarity index analysis between first person accounts of patients with the same disorder (in this case Major Depressive Disorder) and between those who received a diagnosis of a different disorder (in this case Bulimia Nervosa) to demonstrate that narratives, when suitably processed, are a rich source of data for this purpose. We then analyse 228 narratives of lived experiences from patients with mental disorders, using Python code script, to demonstrate that patients with the same diagnosis have very different illness experiences.ResultsThe results demonstrate that narratives are a statistically viable data resource which can distinguish between patients who receive different diagnostic labels. However, the similarity coefficients between 99.98% of narrative pairs, including for those with similar diagnoses, are low (< 0.3), indicating diagnostic Heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe current study proposes an alternative approach to measuring diagnostic Heterogeneity of the categorical taxonomic systems (e.g. the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, DSM). In doing so, we demonstrate the high Heterogeneity and limited reliability of the existing system using patients’ written narratives of their illness experiences as the only data source. Potential applications of these outputs are discussed in the context of healthcare management and mental health research.

Target evaluation for near earth asteroid long-term mining missions

There are currently over 20,000 known Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and more are being discovered on a daily basis. Near earth asteroids are the small bodies whose orbits bring them to within 1.3 AU of the Sun, which makes each one a useful opportunity for science and commercial missions. Here we design and generate a trajectory database for mining mission planning by using a high-performance computing system. The database contains 6373 accessible NEA missions with maximum mission durations of 6 years in the 2030–2065 timeframe. The accessible asteroids’ statistical results show that about 55% of accessible NEAs can provide stay-time of over 4 years in a 6-year mission. A general mining mission architecture is then proposed, and missions are constructed by using the architecture and the database. The taxonomy results for accessible asteroids from major taxonomy systems are summarized, and the available resources on these asteroids are analysed based on the taxonomy information. For the first time, the entire NEA population is assessed realistically from the perspective of asteroid mining and retrievable mass from each asteroid is quantified. Suitable targets for mining water, PGMs and other resources (e.g. silicates) in the 2030–2065 timeframe are identified. For the asteroids without taxonomy information, we did two analyses: assuming i) they are all C-type and ii) all non-C-type. Based on these assumptions, most suitable targets for water and non-water resource mining are identified. These results can be used as guidance for future asteroid mission target selection.

Molecular Study of Genetic Diversity in Escherichia coli Isolated from Tap Water in Baquba

One hundred and ten samples of the tap water in Baquba city were collection .Ten isolates were obtained.The results of the sensitivity test showed that 10 isolates were multidrug, 10 isolates exhibited moderateresistance ranging from 5-8 antagonists. Through the use of the RAPD-PCR profiling system, the vastmajority of Escherichia coli strains under study have large genomes and high virulence factors by belongingto group A2. Results of genetic profiling using the ERIC- PCR and BOX-PCR system showed several groupsof isolates were identified as having a genetic variation and B2 group was given the highest proportionof ERIC- PCR system,70% in ERIC While A2 group was given the highest proportion of BOX- PCRsystem,40% in the BOX indicating that there is a negative spread The present study indicates that there is acorrelation between taxonomic systems was evident by the distribution of isolates in each pattern and group.

Indigenous biosystematics of yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Southwest Ethiopia: folk taxonomy, ethnolinguistic analysis, and folk descriptors

BackgroundIn Southwest Ethiopia, various plant species are coexisting in wild and cultivated forms. This provides an ideal setting for studying folk biosystematics of neglected species. One of such species is the Dioscorea species, in which we studied to assess the commonly applied folk wisdom of identifying, naming, and classifying yams by Sheko and Bench farmers.MethodsThis study was conducted in Bench-Maji and Sheka Zones using 272 farmers. Data on the lists of local names and system of folk taxonomy; the inherent logic, etymons, and consistency of names; and the folk descriptors and other criteria involved in taxonomy were collected. Data were collected by establishing participatory research appraisal tools, i.e., informant interviews and researcher direct observation.ResultsThe result suggests that there exists a well-developed folk taxonomic system in Sheko and Bench. This is evident in the recognition of four distinct folk ranks: sub-variety, variety, supra-variety, and folk generic. Taxa assigned to each ranks have distinct features that mark them as members of a separate categories. Farmers over-differentiate 58 individual taxa at the intraspecific levels. Of these, 37 represented varietal taxa while the rest are sub-varietal taxa. Structurally, over 78% of the varieties are labeled with unitary names while all the sub-varieties consisted of binomial names. Farmers used a total of 26 characters and 74 character states for identifying the different taxa. More than 84% of these refer to aspects of plant characteristics. Tuber characters played a key role in the local identification of varietal and sub-varietal taxa while contexts and gender played a key role in the recognition of supra-variety groups.ConclusionsThis study documented a great wealth of knowledge on indigenous biosystematics of yams, constitutes an essential step towards setting development priorities aimed at in situ conservation. The study clearly demonstrated the value of folk biosystematics for assessing the actual extent and spatial dynamics of yam diversity in traditional farming.

Pedological features of some Western Delta soils, Egypt and their relationships with different taxonomic systems

Pedological features of some Western Delta soils, Egypt and their relationships with different taxonomic systems

“Come Aloft, Jack-little-ape!”: Race and Dance in The Spanish Gypsie

This essay posits that, on the early modern stage, dance was a powerful communicative modality which performed racializing work. Focusing on The Spanish Gypsie (1623), this essay argues that Middleton, Rowley, Ford, and Dekker’s play innovatively deployed around Gypsy characters an animalizing choreographic discourse called “antics.” That discourse, given the early modern understanding and uses of dance, had the ability to downgrade its dancers in the Great Chain of being by kinetic means long before the development in the Enlightenment of the racist taxonomic systems with which we usually associate such downgradings. Ultimately, the essay brings to light the relational logic of early modern theatrical racecraft by tracing the popular extension of that new animalizing choreographic device to another ethnic group in the repertory of The Queen of Bohemia’s Men from 1623 to 1642: Blackamoors—who were similarly entangled in the processes of exclusion from ownership and self-ownership at play in the rhetoric of animalization, both on stage and off stage. [N.N.]

Classification of dictionaries of terms in special lexicography

The article is devoted to one of the recent problems of terminography, which studies terminological dictionaries, deals with the development of principles and bases how to comply terminological lexicons of different types, concerns with their classification, as well as arrangement and unification of national terminology. The problem of classification of terminographic editions is of great importance: it constantly attracts meticulous attention of Ukrainian and foreign linguists, however nowadays there is no any unified set of features for distinguishing dictionaries. Is was specified that modern terminological lexicography requires a classified description of terminological dictionaries of different types. Linguists create typologies, classifications, as well as specific and typological classifications of dictionaries. Schematically, the hierarchy of subordination of special editions can be displayed as it follows: linguistic dictionaries (type) → system dictionaries (subtype) → professional dictionaries (class) → terminological dictionaries (kind) → … (variable kinds). The meaning of the term „typology” is broader than the essence of the concept „classification”. Correspondingly, it is proposed to use the term classification of terminological dictionaries to denote an arranged description of terminographic editions with their division into types, subtypes, classes, and subclasses according to common features and purpose. It is found out that examined reliable typologies and classifications of terminological dictionaries are structured as taxonomic systems based on pragmatic features. They determine the special purpose of dictionaries, divide them according to structural, functional and other features, and establish characteristic features of mega-, macro-, and microstructure of editions. The researched typologies and classifications are not complete, as they focus only on available terminological dictionaries. The necessity of terminological edition classification was proved; it should be noted that possible perspective of variable kinds of special editions for the needs of time and science should be taked into the account, in particular, the “dictionary of the future” – a terminological dictionary of a combined type.

ПРИРОДНА ТА КУЛЬТУРНА СПАДЩИНА УКРАЇНИ: ДОСВІД ТЕМАТИЧНОГО ВИВЧЕННЯ ТА АТЛАСНОГО ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО КАРТОГРАФУВАННЯ

The article considers the main methodological approaches to the thematic study of natural and cultural heritage (NCH) and the results of their implementation in the electronic atlas "Population of Ukraine and its natural and cultural heritage". The structure and content of the two thematic blocks of the Atlas in the composition of 37 maps is built in such a way as to cover all the variety of definitions that characterize the spheres of nature and culture heritage in Ukraine. Based on the developed methodological approaches, for the first time in Ukraine, cultural and landscape zoning of the country's territory at the macro level was performed, in the taxonomic system of which 14 cultural and landscape regions and 52 cultural and landscape macroregions were identified. For the purposes of mapping natural heritage, a no official definition of this term has been developed, the typology of objects has been determined, a database of existing and promising objects and territories with their coordinate reference has been formed, and several relevant maps have been created. The problem of a huge number of potential objects of cultural heritage mapping (over 100 thousand) in the process of forming the data base was solved by not considering necropolis historical monuments, most commemorative plaques, and some minor buildings in the complexes of monuments and by reflection, mainly monuments of national (partially, local) significance. The Atlas has significantly expanded the composition of functional categories of cultural heritage by integrating a wide range of cultural and natural, tangible and intangible, movable and immovable heritage by separate research areas. The result of this work are maps of ethnocultural, religious, scientific, and technical heritage. These are the first in Ukraine specialized maps of similar topics and scope, which constitute the scientific novelty of the Atlas, allow to significantly expand the subject field of research NCH, and can contribute to the introduction into scientific practice of new categories of heritage. For the first time in Ukraine, based on collected, systematized, thorough and comprehensive information, a holistic picture of the country's NCH is shown.

Сучасні погляди на філогенію та систематичне положення роду Muscari Miller (Asparagaceae Juss.)

Systematic and phylogenetic status of Muscari – valuable ornamental and melliferous genus of flowering plants, still unclear despite numerous explorations. Therefore, the aim of the work was to carry out a critical analysis of publications devoted to phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Muscari and to clarify its taxonomic position. The article provides a brief overview of the main publications dedicate to phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus. The systematic position of the genus Muscari in the early phylogenetic systems, taxonomic systems of the XX century and modern molecular phylogenetic systems is observed. Modern phylogenetic systems developed by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III, APG IV) and based on DNA sequence analysis. They show that Muscari belongs to the subfamily Scilloideae, family Asparagaceae s.l., order Asparagales, clusters Monocots. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Muscari is difficult and controversial. In general, there are two main concepts of the genus Muscari division into subgenus. The first was developed by F. Speta in 1999 and is based on molecular data. In it, the genus is considered in a broad sense (s.l.), and divided into 4 subgenera: Muscari, Leopoldia, Muscarimia and Pseudomuscari. The second, more modern concept was developed by R. Govaerts and presented in the «World Checklist of selected plant families». According R. Govaerts, Muscari is divided into 3 separate genera: Muscari s.str. (=Muscarimia, Botryanthus), Leopoldia and Pseudomuscari. Paleobotanical data analysis established that the ancestral forms of modern Muscari originated approximately 3,29 million BC in the Mediterranean and spread to other regions of the world. The closest phylogenetic relatives of Muscari are the genera Scilla and Bellevalia. Chouardia and Nectaroscilla are also highly related. Comprehensive studies of morphological, biogeographical, molecular and other peculiarities of critical taxa are needed to clarification of the systematic position and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Muscari.

Dr Dorothy Helen Rayner FGS (1912–2003): vertebrate palaeontologist and academic

Abstract Dorothy Rayner was one of the first women to be appointed to a tenured academic post in any English university geology department, joining the Geology Department of the University of Leeds in 1939 and serving for 38 years to her retirement in 1977. She had two very important early influences in her life. The first was her family, with its tradition through several generations of doctors, scientists, engineers, mathematicians, radical politics and social activism. The other was her earlier education, particularly her 7 years at the very influential Bedales School, the first of what were to become known in the twentieth century as ‘progressive’ schools. After gaining a First at Girton College in the Cambridge Natural Sciences Tripos, she undertook ground-breaking research on the taxonomy and neural systems of Jurassic fishes, for which she was awarded a Cambridge PhD in 1938, soon after which she was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Geology at Leeds. In addition to an always very heavy teaching load, she continued with a broad range of research, including further work on fossil vertebrates, and the stratigraphy of first the north of England and then the whole of the British Isles. She was also an outstanding Editor, and then President, of the Yorkshire Geological Society.

La representación de la sexualidad vegetal en Las bodas de las plantas de José de Viera y Clavijo

The objective of the article is to analyse the way the sexuality of plants is presented in the poem Las bodas de las plantas by José de Viera y Clavijo (1731-1813). The author of this didactic poem written in the early 19th century refers to some aspects of Linnaeus’ taxonomic system founded on the concept of “nuptiae plantarum” (the marriages of plants). We argue that Viera’s description of the anatomy and physiology of the plant’s reproductive parts, albeit reflecting scientific knowledge of his time, possessed some unique features. In particular, depicting the deeply sexualized portrait of the second kingdom thatbemerges from the Linnaeus’ treatises, the Spanish author tries to “save” the “innocence” of the plants, following a long tradition of their representation in the Western culture. To this end, he complements the picture of plants’ sexuality and reproduction by the idea of plants’ maternity.

Taxonomy of compulsory and incentive legal consequences (legal measures) of committing illegal acts

The article is prepared for the purpose of publishing the results of scientific research obtained in the process of applying the taxonomic methodology for systematization of measures of legal influence. The methodology used the approaches of philosophical and legal theorization, a dog and systemic functional. One way of conclusion is proposed for the first time to use the taxonomies of legal measures. The study highlighted three aspects of legal measures: relational, predicate and functional. The relational manifestation of taxonomy allowed to identify the substrate of the external form of legal influence, which is the measure. It has been established that the form and method of legal influence is the dominant element of each legal measure. The predicative dimension of taxonomy allowed to form a taxonomic system of information in which the following taxonomic categories and taxa are distinguished: type - social events; subtype - legal measures; class - public and private legal measures; gender - separation of legal measures according to their sectoral affiliation; subgenre: the allocation of incentives and coercive measures; supervision - legal measures in their various forms and other measures that have no signs of legal liability.

Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Pisang di Kecamatan Kabawetan, Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Study of the genetic relationship between bananas carried out in Kabawetan Subdistrict, Kepahiang District, Bengkulu Province, from April to October 2019. Data collection on banana exploration studies is carried out in several locations of houses and community gardens in the form of wild plants and cultivation. Morphological data were compiled based on observations of morphological characters of specimens in the field, the character status was adapted from banana descriptors (IPGRI 1996). Morphological characterization results were observed and continued with character selection based on kinship in the form of a tree phenogram. Data were analyzed using the Numerical Taxonomy System (NTsys-pc) 2.02 program with the Unweight Pair Group Arithmetic Mean Method (UPGMA). The results found 6 types of banana diversity collection from 32 pseudo stands (individuals). The collection results obtained in the field are 1 collection of wild bananas and 5 cultivation collections. There are 6 banana distribution locations, namely Mekasari Village, Sumbersari Village, Babakan Village Bogor, Sumbersari Village, Tugu Rejo Village, Sido Rejo Village. Kinship of 6 types was found to have a similarity coefficient between 0.27 - 0.63. Phenograms divide into 2 large groups of 6 types of bananas, namely group A and group B, these two groups are separated by a similarity coefficient value of 0.27. Group A has a total of 5 types of bananas namely kapal, kapok , gembor, and jantan bananas. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;