Formation Of Tax Policy Research Articles

Management of tax system adopting to European standards

Ukraine is a social and legal state and seeks to become part of the European community. Therefore, the tax system needs to be reorganized regarding the level of financing of public goods, which will ensure the formation of financial resources sufficient for the fulfillment of the assigned functions of the state and guaranteeing citizens a sufficient standard of living. All this requires harmonization of the legal norms of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the European Union. Formation of tax policy in post-socialist countries has features related to the restructuring of the socio-economic system and redistributive mechanisms in the context of the formation and establishment of market relations. The aim of the work is to generalize theoretical approaches and develop practical recommendations for management of tax system according to European standards. The object of the study is the process of managing the tax system in Ukraine. The subject of the study is theoretical, methodological and practical principles aimed at managing the tax system of European standards. To solve the problems set in the work, such general scientific methods and research methods were used as analysis, economic-statistical method, synthesis, graphical and tabular method, historical methods of induction and deduction, method of theoretical generalization, system method. The conceptual approaches to the development of the tax system are proposed. The determinants of tax policy formation are determined. There are four main time stages of development of interstate cooperation in the tax area, which correspond to the waves of globalization of the world economy.

Социально ориентированная региональная налоговая политика: теория и методология

The article is devoted to methodological aspects of formation and implementation of socially oriented regional tax policy. The main directions and ideas of the study consist in the theoretical justification and development of methodology for the formation and implementation of socially oriented regional tax policy aimed at harmonizing the interests of participants in tax relations, taking into account the level of human capital development in the regions, the implementation of basic principles of taxation and the possibility of increasing the tax potential of the region. Contribution to the development of the theory of Finance has developed the concept of socially oriented regional tax policy, theoretical positions are complementary to the theory of taxation to clarify the content of the basic concepts, definition of region from the position of subject-object relations in the field of differentiation of powers of authorities, the conceptual interpretation of the impact of taxation on human capital development and socio-economic development of the region. The research methodology consisted in the development of tax policy directions, strategy of socio-economic development of Russian regions through the author’s models, mechanisms, algorithms and recommendations. The results of the study are recommended for use by public authorities in the formation of tax policy, the subjects of Russia in the development of regional development strategy and determining the directions of regional tax policy.

Нагальні проблеми формування державної податкової політики в Україні

Нагальні проблеми формування державної податкової політики в Україні

Tax Incentives for Energy Efficient Investments in the Context of Neo-Industrial Paradigm in Russia

1. Introduction 1.1 Introduce the Problem Increase of energy efficiency and energy saving are important on a global scale. And the reason lies in not only limited resources, but also in increasing negative impact of emissions on the environment and climate. National economies are interested in preservation of natural potential for future generations, reduction of production costs by decreasing the share of consumed energy and fuel resources and increasing the manufacturing with high added value. This can be realized in two main ways. Firstly, through changing the fuel balance by using less dirty technologies and alternative energy sources. Secondly, through wide implementation of energy-saving technologies and water/wastewater treatment facilities. Implementation of these measures is associated with high costs. However, business in modern Russia lacks both own funds and borrowing assets due to high interest rates. In addition, it does not have enough stimulations in market economy to expand costs when there are cheaper ways to get results. The government must provide its citizens with public benefits and it has necessary financial resources for that. Therefore, it must take on costs of the energy efficiency of the economy, including tax expenses. Developed countries solve these problems by increasing the tax burden for the production and consumption of energy and fuel resources, implementing environmental taxes and stimulating energy production from renewable sources of energy. In countries with developing economies a greater share of the industry is occupied by high-energy demanding spheres. Rise of taxes and cost of energy to the world level may have a limiting effect on economic growth. Model of resourcebased economy and de-industrialization of the Russian economy on the background of financial crisis significantly complicates the task of construction of an effective mechanism of tax incentive for energy efficient investments, and as a result, for environmental efficiency. Neoindustrialization requires implementation of major projects and improvement of power loading in a number of sectors of the economy with the aim of increase of share of import-substituting industries with high added value. 1.2 Explore Importance of the Problem The importance of the study of tax incentive for energy saving and increase of energy efficiency within a neo-industrial paradigm is conditioned by a need to study both its theoretical base and practical recommendations. The need for, on the one hand, increase of industry capacities, and, on the other hand, for compliance with the Kyoto protocol and reducing of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, requires special attention of the government to the formation of tax policy in this area. Currently, the existing tax legislation in Russia has only three preferences aimed at the investments in facilities exclusively with high energy efficiency. Only fuel resources are listed as excisable, which has no significant limiting effect on demand and consumption of objects with high energy efficiency. Negative impact on the environment are charged with fees of non-tax nature. It does not bear any fiscal or regulatory role due to unessential size and a number of disadvantages concerning calculation pattern and payment (Koroleva & Maskaeva, 2014). In 2015, the tax maneuver was implemented. It is aimed at increasing of cost of fuel and energy resources in the national market by increasing environmental taxes and reducing export duties. This measure will reduce the profitability of main customers in heavy industrial manufacturing. But is does not stimulate technological upgrades in order to save resources of the mining industry itself. In the Russian Federation it is necessary to form a complex system of tax measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of industrial manufacturing, allowing to have a double effect. Ecological one--by reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, economical one--by increasing the rates of economic growth based on resource saving. …

Nina Dadalauri: Tax Policy Formation and the Transnationalization of the Public Policy Arena. A Case Study of Georgia

Nina Dadalauri: Tax Policy Formation and the Transnationalization of the Public Policy Arena. A Case Study of Georgia

Genetic Algorithms and Public Economics

To address common limitations of traditional economic models while maintaining a convenient mathematical framework, some economists have begun to employ genetic algorithms (GAs). GA optimization occurs in a way that may resemble the dynamics of actual decision making. It also alleviates any need for a closed form to the policy problem and can ‘decide’ between alternative optima. This paper provides a tutorial on the use of GAs in economics and constructs an example application in the area of tax policy formation. It also critically surveys the landscape of current uses, focusing on both the advantages and disadvantages of GAs in public economics contexts.

ECONOMETRIC ISSUES IN ESTIMATING THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO TAXATION: A NONTECHNICAL INTRODUCTION

Reliable estimates of how tax incentives affect behavior are an essential input into the formation of tax policy. However, one encounters a number of difficult econometric problems in estimating the magnitude of the behavioral effects. This paper provides a nontechnical introduction to some of the more prominent problems, particularly the endogeneity of marginal tax rates and the problem of identifying tax effects, and discusses two estimation techniques used in recent studies: difference-in-differences and instrumental variables using panel data.

The State and Fiscal Sociology

Despite recent developments in “fiscal sociology” (i.e. the sociological analysis of taxation and public finances), few efforts have been made to synthesize scholarly developments in the field. This is particularly surprising because much of the literature on the determinants of taxation bears directly on the debates in political sociology about the social, political, institutional, and other determinants of government policy. This essay reviews and integrates the literature on tax policy formation and relates it to these general debates. It also explores some of the important but often neglected effects that taxation has on such phenomena as political revolution, state building, economic organization, labor force participation, and philanthropy. Thus, this essay demonstrates the significance and reviews recent developments in fiscal sociology.

Optimal income tax and redistribution

This book provides a comprehensive survey of optimal income tax theory, following the development of research strategy from the basic Mirrlees model through to its refinements, examining how optimal tax rates and the shape of tax schedules are affected by new considerations. Optimal tax theory has an important contribution to make to tax policy formation, and has become especially pertinent in recent years with the renewal of controversy over whether progressive income tax is in fact desirable or not. The author not only covers the historical background and modern formulations of the theory, but extends his discussion to consider the most important extensions of the model and the interrelation of income tax with other instruments of tax and expenditure policy.