Impact Of Tax Research Articles

Economic strategies for efficient use of natural resources: The impact of carbon taxation and fiscal policy

This study examines the efficacy of fiscal policies and carbon taxation as mechanisms to promote the efficient utilization of natural resources within the BRICS economies, against the backdrop of environmental sustainability challenges. Analyzing data from 1995 to 2018, the study incorporates Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), to provide robust empirical evidence. These methodologies adeptly address unobserved heterogeneity across cross-sections, offering insightful analyses into the impact of fiscal tools and carbon taxes. By leveraging a comprehensive dataset and engaging in a detailed policy analysis, the paper highlights the pivotal role of these economic instruments in mitigating environmental externalities associated with resource-intensive industries. Furthermore, it delineates how fiscal interventions complement market-based incentives like carbon taxes to enhance resource efficiency and curtail greenhouse gas emissions. We contribute valuable insights to the discourse on policy development and sustainable resource management within the BRICS economies.

Exploring the Multifaceted Impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST): A Secondary Data Analysis Approach

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the implications of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on various aspects of the economy, focusing specifically on trade dynamics, export competitiveness, and cross-border transactions. Through evidence-based examination, the study explores how GST reforms have streamlined trade procedures, enhanced market integration, and influenced cross-border transactions. It evaluates the impact of GST on export competitiveness, highlighting improvements in cost competitiveness for exporters and challenges related to compliance and administrative procedures. Additionally, the study examines the implications of GST on trade infrastructure, import decisions, and trade flows, emphasizing the importance of investing in trade infrastructure to enhance efficiency and facilitate smoother cross-border transactions. Evidence-based policy recommendations are provided to address implementation challenges, enhance competitiveness, and promote inclusive growth. Overall, this study contributes to informing strategic decision-making for policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders involved in international trade, emphasizing the significance of GST as a transformative policy measure with wide-ranging implications for India's integration into global markets and economic development.

Exploring the Impact of Taxpayer Awareness, Knowledge, E-Samsat, and Tax Penalties on Motor Vehicle Tax Compliance

Exploring the Impact of Taxpayer Awareness, Knowledge, E-Samsat, and Tax Penalties on Motor Vehicle Tax Compliance

How does the stringency of state tax and expenditure limitations influence opportunistic taxation?

ABSTRACT Elected politicians often adopt fiscal policies to secure (re-)election, sometimes diverging from voter interests by altering revenue streams. Recent research indicates that contextual factors may curb such opportunistic taxation yet the impact of state-level tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) on this behavior remains debatable. We contend that TELs may prevent revenue manipulation linked to electioneering. Analyzing panel data from 45 U.S. states from 1980 to 2013, we observed electoral influences on taxes (sales, excise, and income) and non-tax revenues (charges and fees) where TELs are absent, and a suppression of these influences under stringent TELs. Contrary to previous findings, our results demonstrate TELs’ effectiveness in reducing political manipulation of fiscal measures, suggesting significant implications for understanding the interplay between fiscal institutions and political budget cycle.

Promoting Healthier Purchases: Ultraprocessed Food Taxes and Minimally Processed Foods Subsidies for the Low Income

Fiscal policies can shift relative food prices to encourage the purchase and consumption of minimally processed foods while discouraging the purchase and consumption of unhealthy ultraprocessed foods, high in calories and nutrients of concern (sodium, sugar, and saturated fats), especially for low-income households. The 2017-2018 packaged food purchase data among U.S. households were used to derive household income- and composition-specific demand elasticities across 22 food and beverage categories. Policy simulations, conducted in 2022-2023, assessed the impact of national taxes on unhealthy ultraprocessed food and beverage purchases, both separately and alongside subsidies for minimally processed foods and beverages targeted to low-income households. Resultant nutritional implications are reported on the basis of changes in purchased calories and nutrients of concern. In addition, financial implications for both households and the federal government are projected. A sugar-based tax on sugar-sweetened beverages would lower both volume and calories purchased with the largest impact on low-income households without children. Meanwhile, targeted subsidies would increase fruit, vegetable, and healthier drink purchases without substantially increasing calories. Under tax simulations, low-income households would make larger reductions in their absolute volume and calorie purchases of taxed foods and beverages than their higher-income counterparts, suggesting that these policies, if implemented, could help narrow nutritional disparities. Levying national taxes on unhealthy ultraprocessed foods/beverages and offering targeted subsidies for minimally processed foods/beverages could promote healthier food choices among low-income households. Such policies have the potential to benefit low-income households financially and at a relatively low cost for the federal government annually.

Strategies and Public Policies for Economic Recovery Post-Pandemic: The Role of Taxation According to Qualitative Studies

This qualitative synthesis investigates the role of taxation in post-pandemic economic recovery, aiming to provide insights into effective policy strategies. Drawing upon a systematic review of qualitative literature from diverse disciplines such as economics, public policy, and taxation theory, the study explores the multifaceted nature of taxation's impact on recovery trajectories. Methodologically, the research employs thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns emerging from the literature. The findings highlight taxation's critical role as a revenue-generating mechanism for governments facing fiscal deficits post-pandemic. Moreover, the study elucidates taxation's redistributive function in mitigating income inequality and promoting social cohesion through progressive tax policies. Tax incentives emerge as crucial tools for stimulating investment and innovation, fostering economic dynamism amidst recovery efforts. However, caution is advised against onerous tax regimes that may impede economic growth. Overall, the research underscores the importance of adopting a balanced and forward-thinking approach to tax policy design, considering the diverse needs and challenges facing economies in the aftermath of the pandemic.

Penerapan Pajak Karbon dalam Mewujudkan Sustainability Development Goals Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak di Indonesia

Climate change is caused by the burning of fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gas emissions that can raise temperatures globally. The government is trying to control climate change, one of which is by setting targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementation a carbon tax. The implementation of carbon tax is change industrial behavior to switch green economy activites that are low in carbon emissions. The purpose of this research is to forecast the impact of carbon tax on potential state revenue to reduce the amount of carbon emissions in Indonesia to support the achievement of Sustanability Development Goals (SDGs). The method of the research used is qualitative method with content analysis approach using corbon emission data from Statistical Review Energy 2023 and scoping review approach from national and international literature such as working papers, scientific articles, etc obtained based on keyword for from search engine. Based on the scoping review step, 5 articles were obtained that can detail represented about the implementation of carbon tax can be reduce carbon emission to realize the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) in the Asia Pacific. The energy sector was chosen because the consumption has increased, energy sector is the largest contributed carbon dioxide consumption globally was compared to other sectors due to increased combustion activities of carbo containing compounds. Based on the result, implementation of carbon tax have applied by the government could be provide potential state revenue from the energy sector worth IDR23.280 trilion in 2025. The potential tax revenue generated from carbon tax ca be used to the impacts of climate change to support the achievement of Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). The implementation of carbon tax is expected to change industry behaviour to green economic activities that are low in carbon emission leading to the achievement of the SDGs

Urgency and Impact of Green Taxes Implementation in Encouraging Green Business Post Covid-19

This study aims to examine the urgency, impact and strategy of Green Taxes in encouraging Green Business after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative approach with a comparative descriptive type of research, in which the application of Green Taxes in various countries for the purpose of encouraging Green Business is compared to the conditions in Indonesia. The results of the research show that environmental damage due to industrial activities that occur in Indonesia can harm the country because, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, the end of which is not yet known, it will increase the state’s health spending. It. Many countries have successfully implemented Green Taxes and changed their business patterns to be environmentally friendly, although the negative impact of the green tax implementation, i.e. a decrease in net profit in the business sector, can result in layoffs and a decrease in tax revenue in several sectors. The application of Green Taxes in Indonesia is still at the level of the domestic tax function, which can be seen in the increasing target and realization of Green Taxes each year. The government must be more assertive in enforcing Green Taxes and be transparent in the use of the funds. Supervision in the implementation of the green tax policies must also be improved so that the expected goals can be achieved.

Evaluation of a carbon tax in Costa Rica linking a demand system focused on energy goods and an input-output model

This study evaluates the impact of a carbon tax on CO2 emissions in Costa Rica. For the above, a demand system is estimated using data from a household expenditure survey, which allows for obtaining the elasticities of demand for various groups of goods focused on energy. Then, the environmental extension of the Leontief price model is implemented to determine the change in prices caused by different carbon tax rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 USD/ton CO2). Subsequently, both models are linked to obtain the variations in production and sectoral emissions. In addition, a Monte Carlo simulation is carried out since the estimated price elasticities have a standard deviation associated with them. The results suggest that carbon taxes mainly affect transportation, while the rest of the sectors have slight impacts in all simulated scenarios. For example, the drop in total CO2 emissions is explained between 89.6% and 91.3% by the decrease in emissions in the passenger transport and other transport sectors with a 95% confidence interval. The previous is explained by the composition of Costa Rica's energy matrix, which has a very high share of renewable energies. Finally, some climate policy options are suggested to contribute to this country's carbon neutrality.

Impacts of anti-dumping duties on firm’s performance: Evidence from listed firms in seafood industry in Vietnam

The study aims to examine the impact of the anti-dumping tax imposed by the United States under the simultaneous influence of financial factors on the performance of enterprises in the seafood export industry. The author selected data including 21 companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market in the period 2017 - 2022, and used GMM estimation technique to retest the influence of familiar factors such as lag of the firm’s performance, size, leverage, liquidity ratio, sales growth rate to the firm’s performance (measured by ROA), in addition, the paper also provides additional evidence on the impact of new factors: anti-dumping tax and export sales ratio. Research results show that (1) 6 out of 7 independent variables including , Size, Liq, g, ADr, Exp.re / Tot.re are statistically significant, (2) anti-dumping tax rate and geographic revenue structure are both recorded negative impacts on performance. The results of this study contribute academically by providing a new insight into the relationship between revenue and profit in the case of exporting to countries that apply anti-dumping tax and contribute practically by proposing some implications for foreign trade policy and corporate financial management strategy.

Profit shifting to tax havens: Withholding tax impact on passive flows from Poland

This paper aims to identify determinants and channels of tax avoidance through passive flows to tax havens using harmful tax competition, considering the effect of changes in withholding tax regulations. For the empirical analysis, we exploit the data of 110 ​907 nonresidents from 134 countries that gain passive flows paid by Polish taxpayers. We utilise data from IFT-2R returns on withholding tax (WHT) for 2012–2019. We use a two-stage Arellano-Bond estimator of the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) with instrumental variables for dynamic panel data and the difference-in-differences method. We show that the amendment to the withholding tax legislation, preceded by a no-avoidance clause in 2017, reduced passive flows overall and separately from the manufacturing and service sectors, primarily profit-shifting through interest, royalties and intangible services payments. Moreover, our results confirm that the tax system tightening against aggressive tax competition has reduced passive income transfers from service companies, not manufacturing companies. Instead, the latter make higher transfers to tax havens included in both Polish and the E.U. list of countries applying harmful tax competition.

Philadelphia Beverage Tax's Impact on Beverage Ad Expenditures and Number of Ads Purchased

IntroductionOn January 1, 2017, Philadelphia implemented a beverage excise tax. The study's objective was to determine whether beverage advertising expenditures and the number of beverage ads purchased changed in Philadelphia compared to Baltimore because of this tax. MethodsMonthly beverage ad expenditures and the number of beverage ads purchased by brand from January 2016 through December 2019 were obtained. Ads were coded as being for taxed or not taxed beverages and analyzed in 2023. The primary outcomes were quarterly taxed beverage ad expenditures and number of ads purchased. A controlled interrupted time series design on segmented linear regression models was used. Models (aggregated and stratified by internet, spot TV, and local radio) compared whether levels and trends in the outcomes changed from pre- to post-tax in Philadelphia compared to Baltimore. ResultsThere were no significant differences in taxed beverage advertising expenditures between Philadelphia and Baltimore for trends pre-tax, at implementation, or post-tax. There were 0.13 (95% CI: -0.25, -0.003) fewer quarterly taxed beverage ads purchased per 100 households in Philadelphia versus Baltimore at baseline. Among internet advertising, there were 0.42 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.06) fewer quarterly taxed beverage ads purchased per 100 households in Philadelphia versus Baltimore immediately post-tax. For spot TV ads, the percentage of taxed beverages ads purchased per quarter was greater at baseline in Philadelphia by 28.0 percentage points (95% CI: 1.9, 54.1). ConclusionsThis study found little evidence of changes in mass media advertising on the examined platforms between 2016 - 2019 due to the Philadelphia beverage tax.

The Impact of Taxation on the Effective Tax Rate, Operating Risk, and Portfolio Risk Diversification Effectiveness under Risk Pooling

The Impact of Taxation on the Effective Tax Rate, Operating Risk, and Portfolio Risk Diversification Effectiveness under Risk Pooling

Impact of goods and services tax (GST) on Indian economy

India has implemented the Goods and Services Tax, an indirect tax, to help and promote the nation’s economic expansion. The Goods and Services Tax Bill has been enacted in the majority of developed nations. In India, GST was established in 1999. A committee was set up to design the model of GST. But GST was re-launched on 1 July 2017 by the Indian government. There was a lot of uproar in favor of its introduction. All of the different taxes levied by the federal and state governments were replaced with the GST. The phrase “One Nation, One Tax” refers to the fact that all taxes must be paid in one location nationwide. The report thoroughly examines the effects of GST in India. The study offers sentiment analysis and bibliometric visualization of GST. It was discovered that the government implemented the GST in order to tax everyone in the nation and stop the flow of illicit money. However, it was noted that many Indian residents’ feelings were conflicted. Therefore, it is advised to review the structure and maintain a focus on ongoing development.

Production Decision Model for the Cement Industry in Pursuit of Carbon Neutrality: Analysis of the Impact of Carbon Tax and Carbon Credit Costs

One of the solutions to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 is to try to reduce the carbon emission by using the carbon tax or carbon credit (carbon right). This paper examines the impact of carbon taxes and carbon credit costs on the cement industry, focusing on ESG indicators and corporate profits. Utilizing Activity-Based Costing and the Theory of Constraints, a production decision model is developed and analyzed using mathematical programming. The paper categorizes carbon tax models into continuous and discontinuous progressive tax rates, taking into account potential government policies like emission tax exemptions and carbon trading. It finds that reducing emission caps is more effective than increasing carbon tax rates in curbing emissions. These insights can assist governments in policy formulation and provide a reference framework for establishing carbon tax systems.

The impact of value-added taxes and inflation threshold on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The paper contributes to the literature by examining the effects of inflation on economic growth in Saudi Arabia between 2010Q1 and 2022Q4 and exploring whether the VAT impacted the inflation-growth nexus. The literature on the determinants of economic growth has expanded during the last few decades. The impact of inflation on economic growth has received much attention, with contradictory findings. The study employs the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression (LSTR) model to determine the optimal inflation rate and estimate the repercussions of inflation in each regime. The findings show that the optimal inflation rate is 2.47%. Inflation is demonstrated to improve growth if it remains below 2.47%. Nevertheless, as the inflation rate is beyond this threshold, the effect becomes negative. Subsequently, the study accounts for the influence of Value- Added Tax on the link between inflation and growth. According to the empirical estimation, the threshold level of the inflation rate is determined to be 2.88%. In addition, the adverse implications of inflation on growth are higher when we consider the implementation of VAT. Therefore, the study concludes that there are nonlinear effects of the inflation rate on economic growth in Saudi Arabia. The empirical results of the study have important policy implications for Saudi Arabia.

The Impact of Tax Collection and Domestic Entrepreneurial Business Ventures on Services Sector in Pakistan: An ARDL Bound Test Approach

The services sector is the leading sector of Pakistan’s economy. It creates employment, foreign exchange earnings, research, and innovation, and significantly contributes to Pakistan’s economy. A significant amount of tax revenue is collected from the services sector. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze how taxation influences the services sector in Pakistan. The objective of the present study is to analyze the impact of tax revenue, entrepreneurial ventures, trade openness, inflation, and GDP per capita on the service sector of Pakistan. For this, data from 1980 to 2020 is used. The long-run ARDL estimates show that taxation adversely impacts Pakistan’s services sector. The results show that the variables domestic entrepreneur venture, gross national expenditures, and trade openness were significant and positively related to the service sector growth of Pakistan, while the variables tax revenue, poverty, and inflation rate were negatively related to Pakistan’s service sector growth rate. By considering the study results, it is concluded that the tax system significantly impacts Pakistan’s services sector. Due to high taxes, businesses in the services industry find it challenging to expand and compete. The policy recommendations are that the government must balance raising tax income with promoting the expansion of the services sector. Further, the government should endeavor to streamline the tax system so that companies can easily comprehend and adhere to the law. However, future research can be used the panel data form for developing countries. Further, the impact of taxation on other segments of the economy, such as agriculture and large-scale manufacturing, can be analyzed.

Multijurisdictional Taxes: A Tax Research and Planning Case Using Major League Baseball (MLB) Players

ABSTRACT This case examines the tax implications of working in multiple tax jurisdictions. Students are presented with a case that considers the allocation of taxable income for a player in the MLB based on state income tax laws. This allows students to gain a more complete understanding of the impact of state and local taxes on total individual tax burden. It also challenges students to think critically about tax planning strategies that can be implemented to minimize tax liabilities when dealing with multiple tax jurisdictions. Finally, the case provides an opportunity for an instructor to engage students in tax research at an appropriate level for the course. The case can be adapted to use in undergraduate and graduate courses for individual taxation, state and local taxation, or tax research. Student responses indicate that they find the case interesting and beneficial in improving their understanding of state tax issues.

The Impact of Tax Incentives on Innovation Performance of New Energy Companies—Taking Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share New Energy Listed Companies as An Example

The Impact of Tax Incentives on Innovation Performance of New Energy Companies—Taking Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share New Energy Listed Companies as An Example

SODA TAX IMPACT ON SOFT DRINKS CONSUMPTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction: Many countries have introduced a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages hoping for controlling the soft drinks consumption to reduce the adverse health effects such as obesity and diabetes. This study aimed to review the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation on soft drinks' consumption through increase in the price of the beverages after taxation. Methodos: A systematic search related to articles on soda tax impact on soft drink consumption was conducted by using PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Scopus databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis flow checklist was used as a guide to search for the eligible articles. Results: Overall, there were a total of fifteen eligible articles included in this systematic review. All studies showed that an increase in SSB prices will cause a reduction in its demand, which ranges from 1.16% to 40.93%. The highest soft drinks consumption reduction occurred among the population who had a high intake of soft drinks before the introduction of the soda tax implementation. This review showed that both specific excise taxes and ad valorem taxes implementation showed significant reduction in soda consumption. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that fiscal intervention such as a soda tax could improve population’s behaviour towards unhealthy sugary beverage intake.