Practical Tasks Research Articles

PRACTICE-ORIENTED LEARNING AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THEDUAL FORM OF EDUCATION

The current stage of development of higher vocational education includes a change in the result-oriented basis of training (knowledge, skills, abilities) to a competence-based model of training. The requirements for the results of mastering an educational programme include general and professional competences that are necessary for awarding a graduate with an appropriate qualification. The introduction of a competency-based approach in the national education system requires fundamental changes in all its components, including the development of content, methods and teaching technologies. We consider the active introduction of practice-oriented learning technologies as an important component of the dual form of education to be timely, since this will allow training a specialist aimed at the prompt performance of professional tasks. The article analyses the content, purpose, technologies and conditions for the implementation of practiceoriented learning in dual universities in Germany and Austria. The results of surveys of students and employers on the effectiveness of practice-oriented learning in dual universities are presented. It is established that the prerequisites for the implementation of practice-oriented learning are: the use of real practical tasks in educational activities; modelling of a practical situation should take place in a group form of education; use of interdisciplinary connections. It is stated that the fulfilment of all these requirements will contribute to the creation of a practice-oriented environment in the educational process, which implements educational and professionally oriented functions.

Elementary School Teachers’ Dispositions about the Assessment of Students

The study aim was to assess teachers’ dispositions towards student assessment based on national standards. National Standards for teachers’ professional development were developed under the Federal Ministry of Education; Government of Pakistan in 2009. For this end, interviews with 32 teachers working in elementary schools were conducted. It was observed that most of the teachers have different valuable viewpoints regarding the process of student assessment. However, this study explored that mostly teachers were involved in administering the verbal assessment and on paper assessment, and practical tasks, i.e., debates, demonstrations, individual as well as group activities effectively. The study further also revealed that teachers gave the same attention to all students and showed nothing likes or dislikes during assessment. The rubrics and answer keys were prepared in advance by teachers to ensure the accuracy of the results. Besides this, student learning outcomes, fairness and objectivity in assessment, etc. were assessed to authenticate the quality of education in the region. The given study also added the recommendations.

Therapeutic effects of rehabilitation technologies in patients with functional asthenia

Relevance: determining the therapeutic effects of a complex of pathogenetically determined rehabilitation technologies in patients with functional asthenia is an urgent scientific and practical task. The aim of the study was to determine the therapeutic effects of combinations of rehabilitation technologies in patients with functional asthenia. Methods: 24 patients aged 29.3 (21.5–35.0) years with functional asthenia (ICD-10 code: R53) were studied. The patients were prescribed a set of physical exercises, a course of audiovisual polysensory relaxation, carbon dioxide baths, climatotherapy, clinical nutrition, and psychotherapy. The total duration of the course was 30 days. Clinical, instrumental, psychophysical, and integral methods of assessing the condition of patients were used. Results: an improvement in clinical status indicators and a decrease in signs of asthenia with an improvement in mood, well-being, cheerfulness, and self-confidence were noted. The rehabilitation course caused a pronounced oxygen capacity of tissues, an increase in adaptation reserves, an improvement in vegetative regulation and the level of somatic health, and a significant increase in physical performance in patients with functional asthenia. Conclusion: а complex of physical exercises, audiovisual polysensory relaxation, carbon dioxide baths, climatotherapy, clinical nutrition, and psychotherapy forms pronounced actoprotective and psychocorrective therapeutic effects in patients with functional asthenia.

Better with Practice: Changes in Preservice Teachers’ Psychological Literacy by Counseling Pupils on Their Self-Regulated Learning

In a rapidly changing and challenging world, teachers as influential social agents can play an important and promising role to guide through but also bring about positive change to individuals and society as a whole. This potential stresses the importance of professionalization of teachers and the need for elaborate learning settings to equip (future) teachers as psychologically literate and reflective practitioners who systematically reflect and integrate practice and (psychological) theory. As part of the preservice teachers’ psychology curriculum, we implemented a theory–practice learning setting in their educational foundation studies that aims at fostering preservice teachers’ psychological literacy. Specifically, to reflect their own and other's behavior and to apply their psychological knowledge of learning and counseling principles into real-life counseling sessions. This study addresses the didactical concept of teaching psychology to non-psychology students and the results from its evaluation. In a quasi-experimental pre-posttest design with comparison group ( Nintervention = 46; Ncomparison = 102), we analyzed the effects of the seminar on the preservice teachers’ reflexivity, their beliefs about the theory–practice relationship and their agency. Results indicate that beliefs about the theory–practice relationship and the levels of reflection significantly increase through the practice task in the intervention group, but reflexivity and agency does not.

Scheduling optimization of electric energy meter distribution vehicles for intelligent batch rotation

As industrial technology continues to advance through integration, society's demand for electricity is rapidly increasing. To meet the requirements of refined grid management and address the elevated challenges arising from the increased electrical load, this paper delves into the investigation of distribution vehicle scheduling for the practical scenario of batch rotation of smart meters. Initially, based on the practical distribution task requirements of a provincial metrology verification center, a multi-level optimization model is constructed for the batch rotation and distribution vehicle scheduling of smart meters. The primary objective is to maximize the enhancement of smart meter distribution efficiency while minimizing the overall distribution cost. Moreover, this paper introduces a refined Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (OLC-GWO) based on Opposition-based Learning, Levy flight strategy, and Cauchy mutation to solve the model. By generating an opposite population to improve the quality of initial feasible solutions and further harnessing the global search capabilities of Levy flight and Cauchy mutation operators, the algorithm's effectiveness is enhanced. The algorithm is subjected to testing using multiple benchmark functions and its performance is compared with variants of GWO, as well as several cutting-edge intelligent optimization algorithms including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), and Honey Bee Algorithm (HBA). The results indicate that OLC-GWO exhibits excellent performance in terms of convergence speed and optimization capability. Finally, the improved algorithm is subjected to simulation experiments by incorporating order data from the practical distribution operations of a provincial metrology verification center. The outcomes verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, reinforcing the practical significance of the established model in addressing the real-world challenge of batch rotation and distribution vehicle scheduling for smart meters.

Light Planograph for Insolation Energy Characteristics of Buildings and Territory of Multi-Storey Structures Modelling

This article discusses the problems associated with physical and hygienic studies aimed at determining the influence of insolation – an important climatic factor – on the light, radiation and thermal regime of buildings, and territories in urban development. The article proposes the design of an insolation device of a flatbed type, known as a Svetoplanograph‑2, which can be widely used in solving architectural, construction, urban planning, and energy problems in summer in regions with a warm climate. A method of step-by-step assessment of the insolation-light-thermal regime of buildings and territories with a complex morphological structure of buildings, which is a model of the energy characteristics of insolation, has also been developed. The use of a tablet-type device makes it possible to solve practical urban planning tasks, providing an opportunity to calculate and evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the insolation regime in order to improve the environmental and climatic situation in urban buildings and development in the summer. The developed method of forecasting the insolation regime using a tablet-type device is the basis for modelling the energy state of insolation in a human environment in buildings and territories of cities with a hot climate.

Abstract TMP28: Forced-Rate Aerobic Cycling Enhances Motor Recovery in Persons With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: The potential for intensive aerobic exercise to enhance neuroplasticity post-stroke has been theorized but not systematically investigated. Our aim was to determine the effects of forced-rate aerobic exercise paired with an abbreviated session of upper extremity (UE) repetitive task practice (FE+RTP) compared to time-matched UE repetitive task practice (RTP only) on the recovery of motor function in individuals with chronic stroke. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that FE+RTP would yield greater improvements in UE motor recovery compared to time-matched RTP only. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in which participants (N=60) completed 24 sessions of FE followed by RTP (FE+RTP) or time-matched RTP alone. The FE+RTP group exercised at 60-80% of heart rate reserve on a motorized stationary semi-recumbent cycle ergometer for 45 minutes followed by 45 minutes of RTP. The control group completed 90 minutes of RTP. The primary UE outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). The Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT) assessed walking capacity. Results: Sixty individuals 60.5 (±10.6) years of age were enrolled, and 56 completed the study. The RTP only group completed more RTP in terms of repetitions (411.8±44.4 versus 222.8±28.4, P<0.001) and time (72.7±6.7 versus 37.8±2.4 minutes, P<0.001) compared to FE+RTP. Both groups improved on the FMA (FE+RTP, 36.2±10.1 to 44.0±11.8 and RTP only, 34.4±11.0 to 41.2±13.4, P<0.001) and ARAT (FE+RTP, 32.5±16.6 to 37.7±17.9 and RTP only, 32.8±18.6 to 36.4±18.5, P<0.001). A group main effect was not observed. The FE+RTP group demonstrated greater improvements on the 6MWT (274.9±122.0 to 327.1±141.2 meters) compared to the RTP only group (285.5±160.3 to 316.9±170.0, P=0.004). Conclusions: While both interventions elicited comparable improvements in UE motor recovery, the summative value of FE+RTP in improving UE and lower extremity function was demonstrated.

Abstract 121: Improvements in Cardiovascular Fitness Following Forced-Rate Aerobic Cycling in Individuals With Chronic Stroke

Introduction: Declines in cardiovascular function in individuals following stroke result in increased energy costs of movement, restrictions in participation, and increased risk for recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. We have developed a rehabilitation model that incorporates aerobic exercise training to harness its potential neuroplastic effects. Our aim is to identify the cardiovascular benefits from a forced-rate aerobic exercise (FE) intervention among individuals with chronic stroke compared to an upper extremity repetitive task practice (UE RTP) control group. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that FE would elicit greater improvements in cardiovascular fitness compared to the UE RTP intervention. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in which participants (N=60) completed 24 sessions over 8 weeks of FE followed by RTP (FE+RTP) or time-matched RTP alone. The FE+RTP group exercised at 60-80% of heart rate reserve on a motorized stationary semi-recumbent cycle ergometer for 45 minutes followed by 45 minutes of RTP. The control group completed 90 minutes of RTP. Metabolic exercise stress tests were conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Outcomes included peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) and anaerobic threshold (AT). Results: Fifty participants completed the study intervention and pre/post stress tests. The FE+RTP group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in peak VO2 from 16.4±5.7 to 18.3±6.4 mL/min/kg compared to the RTP group (17.0±5.6 to 17.2±5.6 mL/min/kg, p=0.020) and significantly greater improvements in AT from 10.3±2.8 to 11.5±3.6 mL/min/kg compared to the RTP group (10.8±3.9 to 10.4±3.2 mL/min/kg, p=0.020). Conclusions: An aerobic exercise intervention integrated into rehabilitation was effective in eliciting significant and meaningful improvements in cardiovascular fitness. This novel rehabilitation model may be an effective approach to improve motor and cardiovascular function.

Digital Learning Content in Automotive Technology Program Towards Student Cognition in TVET: A Partial Experiment

This study examines, via a partial experiment, the impact of the automotive technology program digital learning content on students' cognition. Consequently, the researcher conducted a partial experiment in this study to evaluate the functionality and usability of digital content. It fits with the social stigma of TVET, shaped by the perception that vocational education and training exist to serve school leavers rather than as an essential strategy to provide competent workers to the labour market. In total, 47 students in the Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Honours) in the Mechatronics (Automotive) programme participated in the investigation. The study's findings indicated that digital learning content has a significant positive influence on the cognitive and psychomotor achievement of students. The functionality of digital learning content is evaluated based on its capacity to produce the desired learning outcomes and its compatibility with the current curriculum. Assessing the usability of digital learning content involves measuring usability, navigation, and overall user experience. This evaluation demonstrates that the digital learning content is functional and usable, providing students with a positive learning experience. In addition, the results of this test demonstrate a significant improvement in students' cognitive achievement, indicating that digital learning content is beneficial in facilitating the learning process, and students are evaluated on their ability to perform practical tasks related to the course material. The results of this evaluation demonstrate a significant improvement in the psychomotor performance of students, indicating that digital learning content can enhance their practical skills. This study concluded that incorporating digital learning content into the curriculum for automotive technology has a significant positive influence on students' cognitive and psychomotor achievement. Available digital learning content can facilitate learning and provide students with a positive educational experience. These findings suggest that incorporating digital learning content into automotive technology programs may be a valuable addition to conventional learning methods. This study implies that digital learning effectively facilitates the learning process and that students are evaluated on their ability to complete practical tasks related to the course material. Consequently, this study was conducted to aid educators in using digital learning for students in automotive programs.

Anthropometric assessment: ESPGHAN quality of care survey from paediatric hospitals in 28 European countries.

Assessment of anthropometric data is essential for paediatric healthcare. We surveyed the implementation of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) evidence-based guidelines and practical recommendations on nutritional care, particularly regarding anthropometric measurements. Paediatric hospitals from 28 European countries provided pseudonymized data through online questionnaires on hospital characteristics and their standards of nutritional care. Practical tasks assessed an unbiased collection and reporting of anthropometric measurements in random patients'files and discharge letters. Of 114 hospitals (67% academic), 9% have no nutritionist/dietitian available, 18% do not provide standard policy to assess weight and height and 15% lack training for nursing staff for accurate performance. A wall-mounted stadiometer to measure standing height and equipment for sitting weight is unavailable in 9% and 32%, respectively. Infant length is measured by one instead of two healthcare professionals and with a tape instead of a rigid length measuring board in 58% and 15% of hospitals, respectively. The practical tasks reviewed 1414 random patients, thereof 446 younger than 2 years of age. Missing documentation occurred significantly more often for height versus weight and their percentiles in infants ≤2 years versus older children, and in general paediatric versus gastrointestinal patients, with no difference between academic and nonacademic hospitals. Review of documented anthropometric data in discharge letters disclosed that consultants significantly underestimated the deficits in their units compared to documented data. The survey revealed significant gaps in performance and documentation of anthropometry in the participating hospitals. A resurvey will assess changes in quality of care over time.

Smart Resource Allocation in Mobile Cloud Next-Generation Network (NGN) Orchestration with Context-Aware Data and Machine Learning for the Cost Optimization of Microservice Applications

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) provides resources to users to handle smart mobile applications. In MCC, task scheduling is the solution for mobile users’ context-aware computation resource-rich applications. Most existing approaches have achieved a moderate service reliability rate due to a lack of instance-centric resource estimations and task offloading, a statistical NP-hard problem. The current intelligent scheduling process cannot address NP-hard problems due to traditional task offloading approaches. To address this problem, the authors design an efficient context-aware service offloading approach based on instance-centric measurements. The revised machine learning model/algorithm employs task adaptation to make decisions regarding task offloading. The proposed MCVS scheduling algorithm predicts the usage rates of individual microservices for a practical task scheduling scheme, considering mobile device time, cost, network, location, and central processing unit (CPU) power to train data. One notable feature of the microservice software architecture is its capacity to facilitate the scalability, flexibility, and independent deployment of individual components. A series of simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed technique based on offloading, CPU usage, and execution time metrics. The experimental results efficiently show the learning rate in training and testing in comparison with existing approaches, showing efficient training and task offloading phases. The proposed system has lower costs and uses less energy to offload microservices in MCC. Graphical results are presented to define the effectiveness of the proposed model. For a service arrival rate of 80%, the proposed model achieves an average 4.5% service offloading rate and 0.18% CPU usage rate compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed method demonstrates efficiency in terms of cost and energy savings for microservice offloading in mobile cloud computing (MCC).

Ensuring competence and interdisciplinary communications as a method of improving radioecological education

The discipline of the ecological direction "Radioecology" has recently gained great importance in the training of environmental engineers. In teaching it, a comprehensive approach is implemented when choosing modern teaching methods, new learning technologies, distance learning, organizational and methodical materials for independent work of students are being improved. Goal. The purpose of the work is to introduce a new complex methodological approach in the training of ecologists, which combines differentiation and practical orientation of education, the formation of interdisciplinary connections, the development of creative activity and critical thinking. Results. A new methodological approach in training environmentalists in the discipline "Radioecology" is presented. It provides the formation of interdisciplinary connections and research thinking, differentiation of training, the possibility of self-training and improving skills, high level of competency. The theoretical part provides perception of the discipline substance, the new concepts, phenomena and processes, ensures acquisition of the solid knowledge, familiarization with modern achievements of science. The differentiated practical part motivates learning activity and cognitive processes, imparts the skills of solving specific practical tasks on radiation problems, and enhances the level of qualification and competence of the future specialist. Originality. Individual tasks develop analytical skills, critical thinking and the ability to use professional knowledge in the place of production, which creates the basis for formation of a competitive personality. Students’ independent training with the discipline test tasks makes possible to monitor their knowledge, check their skills and creative components at different stages of training. A new methodological approach to the study of the discipline "Radioecology", taking into account interdisciplinary relationships, was used to create the textbook "Radioecology".

Digital literacy of university students in non-core training directions

Introduction. Forming and improving the readiness and ability of students in non-core (non-IT) areas of training to effectively, productively (safely) use digital devices, programs, technologies, apply digital competencies (knowledge, abilities and skills) to solve educational problems in the context of educational and professional activities is one of the important goals of educational standards in modern universities.Purpose setting. Purpose of the study is the analysis of the problems of the concept, structure and levels of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of training.Methodology and methods of the study. Research methods are theoretical analysis and synthesis of research results on the definition, structural understanding and level typology of digital literacy of modern university students in non-core areas of training. The methodological basis of the study was the conceptual provisions and principles of the competency-based and personal-activity approaches.Results. Currently, there are theoretical tasks of developing an integrative model of digital literacy and practical tasks of increasing the digital literacy of students in non-core fields of study, including to the level where the student not only consumes digital competencies, but is able and ready to use them in the process independently or jointly with other students and teachers setting and solving educational and professional problems, including in the context of new professional specializations or even professions arising as a result of the digitalization of their work. The leading role in this process is played in the intrapersonal context by the cognitive components of literacy, and in the interpersonal context by communicative and moral-ethical ones.Conclusions. The author summarizes the results of studies on the formation and development of digital literacy among university students in non-core areas of training. The importance and promise of systematic, holistic work in the context of the formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core areas of training is noted. The prospects for theoretical and empirical study of this problem are connected precisely with the study of this component and its integrative role in the formation and development of digital literacy of university students in non-core fields.

ScEVOLVE: cell-type incremental annotation without forgetting for single-cell RNA-seq data.

The evolution in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has opened a new avenue for researchers to inspect cellular heterogeneity with single-cell precision. One crucial aspect of this technology is cell-type annotation, which is fundamental for any subsequent analysis in single-cell data mining. Recently, the scientific community has seen a surge in the development of automatic annotation methods aimed at this task. However, these methods generally operate at a steady-state total cell-type capacity, significantly restricting the cell annotation systems'capacity for continuous knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, creating a unified scRNA-seq annotation system remains challenged by the need to progressively expand its understanding of ever-increasing cell-type concepts derived from a continuous data stream. In response to these challenges, this paper presents a novel and challenging setting for annotation, namely cell-type incremental annotation. This concept is designed to perpetually enhance cell-type knowledge, gleaned from continuously incoming data. This task encounters difficulty with data stream samples that can only be observed once, leading to catastrophic forgetting. To address this problem, we introduce our breakthrough methodology termed scEVOLVE, an incremental annotation method. This innovative approach is built upon the methodology of contrastive sample replay combined with the fundamental principle of partition confidence maximization. Specifically, we initially retain and replay sections of the old data in each subsequent training phase, then establish a unique prototypical learning objective to mitigate the cell-type imbalance problem, as an alternative to using cross-entropy. To effectively emulate a model that trains concurrently with complete data, we introduce a cell-type decorrelation strategy that efficiently scatters feature representations of each cell type uniformly. We constructed the scEVOLVE framework with simplicity and ease of integration into most deep softmax-based single-cell annotation methods. Thorough experiments conducted on a range of meticulously constructed benchmarks consistently prove that our methodology can incrementally learn numerous cell types over an extended period, outperforming other strategies that fail quickly. As far as our knowledge extends, this is the first attempt to propose and formulate an end-to-end algorithm framework to address this new, practical task. Additionally, scEVOLVE, coded in Python using the Pytorch machine-learning library, is freely accessible at https://github.com/aimeeyaoyao/scEVOLVE.

Online entrepreneurship teaching and learning approaches: A South African conceptual perspective

In this conceptual paper, we review literature on entrepreneurship education with the aim of determining viable approaches for teaching entrepreneurship using online platforms. We discuss existing studies on constructivism as a theoretical framework and examine how entrepreneurship education can be offered through online teaching, as well as the effectiveness and the design of online teaching for entrepreneurship education. We used a conceptual analysis methodology and also conducted a library search to examine previous pertinent literature on online entrepreneurship education. Our findings indicate that online entrepreneurship education should be grounded in constructivism as a learning theory. Additionally, during online entrepreneurship learning, lecturers should introduce and explain new concepts by using students' prior knowledge and should assign practical and experiential tasks. Our findings also show that online activities should allow students to interpret and assimilate new knowledge, and that online entrepreneurship modules should incorporate learning by doing and experiential learning. Lecturers should also provide feedback as part of online entrepreneurship learning and, at the end of such learning, lecturers should assign online questions that provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their learning and knowledge.

Reduction of discrepancies between students and instructors in the assessment of practical tasks through structured evaluation sheets and peer feedback

The aim of this study was to reduce discrepancies between students and instructors in a preclinical dental course by employing structured peer feedback based on a detailed evaluation sheet. In a crossover study of dental students (n = 32), which compared peer feedback using an evaluation sheet (test) with the traditional method (control), participants completed tasks involving cavity and partial crown preparation. The practical tasks were scored numerically on a scale ranging from one (excellent) to six (failure). The amount of feedback provided by the instructor was also recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p < 0.05). Regarding cavity preparation, no statistically significant difference was observed (median (25th–75th percentile)) between the grades received by the test (2.00 (1.50–3.00)) and control groups (2.25 (2.00–3.00)). However, the grades pertaining to partial crown preparation exhibited a statistically significant difference between the test (2.25 (2.00–2.50)) and control (2.50 (2.00–3.00)) groups. LimeSurvey and five-finger feedback were used to assess satisfaction with the new method, revealing that most students found the evaluation sheet and peer feedback to be effective. Within the limitations of this study, structured peer feedback using the evaluation sheet positively impacted grades pertaining to partial crown preparation, requiring less instructor feedback.

Enhanced curve-based segmentation method for point clouds of curved and irregular structures

This paper proposes an improved method for model-based segmentation (MS) of curved and irregular mounded structures in 3D measurements. The proposed method divides the point cloud data into several levels according to the reasonable width calculated from the density of points. Then, it fits a curve model with 2D points for each level separately. The classification results of specific types are merged to obtain specific structural measurement data in 3D space. We use MS method, difference of normals based segmentation, region growing algorithm, constrained planar cuts, and locally convex connected patches as a control group. The results show that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy with a mean intersection merge ratio of more than 0.8238, at least 37.92% higher than other methods. The method proposed in this paper requires less time to process than other methods. Therefore, the proposed method effectively and efficiently segments the measurement data of curved and irregular mounded structures in 3D measurements. The method proposed in this paper has also been applied in the practical robotic grinding task. The root mean square error of the grinding amount is less than 2 mm, and good grinding results are achieved.

A comparative study of the state and foreign language teaching system in China and Kyrgyzstan

Relevance. Language teaching systems, both national and foreign languages, are constantly evolving, reflecting changes in society, scientific knowledge, and technological progress, playing a key role in a globalised society.Purpose. The study aims to analyse the key differences and similarities in the state and foreign language teaching systems in China and Kyrgyzstan.Methodology. To achieve the research objectives, the following methods were used: generalisation, survey, and comparative.Results. The research results determined that the state and foreign language teaching systems in China and Kyrgyzstan were formed under the influence of historical, cultural, and political factors. While China emphasises language unification at the national level considering local peculiarities, Kyrgyzstan balances between its national language and Russian, preserving the bilingual nature of the country. A comparative analysis of the language policies of two countries as different as China and Kyrgyzstan requires a thorough understanding of the historical, cultural, and political contexts of each country.Conclusions. Through the student survey conducted, it was found that more than half of the respondents believe that the state language teaching system in both China and Kyrgyzstan is rated as good compared to the foreign language system, where almost 50% of the total number of students are not sufficiently satisfied with its implementation. It was found that this tendency is related to the lack of practical tasks in the implementation of language cognition. The practical significance lies in the use of the results of the work by researchers who study aspects of the functioning and development of the learning system in Kyrgyzstan and China, as well as by specialists in the fields of philology and linguistics.

Wearable Sensor to Monitor Quality of Upper Limb Task Practice for Stroke Survivors at Home.

Many stroke survivors experience persistent upper extremity impairment that limits performance in activities of daily living. Upper limb recovery requires high repetitions of task-specific practice. Stroke survivors are often prescribed task practices at home to supplement rehabilitation therapy. A poor quality of task practices, such as the use of compensatory movement patterns, results in maladaptive neuroplasticity and suboptimal motor recovery. There currently lacks a tool for the remote monitoring of movement quality of stroke survivors' task practices at home. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of classifying movement quality at home using a wearable IMU. Nineteen stroke survivors wore an IMU sensor on the paretic wrist and performed four functional upper limb tasks in the lab and later at home while videorecording themselves. The lab data served as reference data to classify home movement quality using dynamic time warping. Incorrect and correct movement quality was labeled by a therapist. The home task practice movement quality was classified with an accuracy of 92% and F1 score of 0.95 for all tasks combined. Movement types contributing to misclassification were further investigated. The results support the feasibility of a home movement quality monitoring system to assist with upper limb rehabilitation post stroke.

What is Task-Oriented Training? A Scoping Review

Task-Oriented Training (TOT) is an proven stroke rehabilitation intervention with significant evidence-based research that supports its effectiveness. The absence of a clear definition has led to variability in research reporting and subsequent confusion with practical implementation. A consistent definition seeks to remedy this ambiguity to facilitate knowledge translation. The objective of this study was to determine a comprehensive definition of TOT that encapsulates previous definitions and descriptions in the literature. In order to derive this definition, a two stage scoping review process was conducted across four databases searching for articles on the use of TOT in adult stroke rehabilitation therapy. The analysis of this scoping review included 174 articles. Commonly found words used to define TOT included: repetitive, functional, task practice, task specific, task oriented, intensity, and client-centered. Other salient words that aligned with the principles of neuroplasticity and key components of TOT were meaningful, progressive, graded, variable, and feedback. Based on these findings, a comprehensive proposed definition is as follows: Task-oriented training is an effective stroke rehabilitation intervention that focuses on the use of client-centered, repetitive practice of activities that are of high intensity and meaningful to the client. In conclusion, although similar principles were described in the TOT literature, there was no consistent and comprehensive definition of TOT. This scoping review identified key concepts from TOT methodology, and discussion sections in rehabilitation literature to generate a proposed comprehensive definition of TOT to guide research and practice.