Task Of Government Research Articles

Move out of the land: certification and migration in China

Abstract Motivated by the emphasis on securing property rights as an important tool for the efficient allocation of resources, including land and labour, we use three rounds of China Rural Household Panel Survey data to assess the impact of a land certification programme (LCP) on the labour and land allocation in rural China. We find that the LCP results in increased rural–urban migration, more active land rental markets, as well as higher household income and consumption in rural China. These effects vary with age and are larger for younger individuals and households with heads aged 50 years or younger. Improving property rights could be a central task for the Chinese government to tackle issues related to labour and land misallocation.

Do Chinese Residents’ Perceptions of Air Pollution Affect Their Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Environmental Knowledge

Air pollution has become an important environmental and public health problem in China; improving air quality has become one of the most important tasks of the Chinese central government in recent years. In all aspects of environmental governance, the public’s pro-environmental behavior is crucial to comprehensively improve air quality. This study used data provided by the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS) to explore the relationship between air pollution perception, environmental knowledge, and pro-environmental behavior. The results of the study indicated that: (1) Residents’ subjective perception of air pollution has a significant positive impact on residents’ pro-environmental behaviors. The more serious the air pollution in the surrounding area is, the more likely residents are to adopt more pro-environmental behaviors; (2) Environmental knowledge also has a positive impact on residents’ pro-environmental behaviors and individuals with higher environmental knowledge are more likely to adopt more pro-environment behaviors; and (3) Environmental knowledge plays a positive regulating role in the relationship between air pollution perception and pro-environmental behavior. Individuals with higher environmental knowledge are more willing to engage in more pro-environmental behaviors when they perceive air pollution. To promote the residents’ pro-environmental behaviors, we should further strengthen the education of environmental knowledge and strengthen the disclosure of environmental information. This study provides valuable insights for China to formulate environmental governance policies, enrich the research on pro-environmental behavior to a certain extent, and provide lessons for other developing countries and high-polluting countries to find environmental governance methods.

Development of an automated urban heritage monitoring tool: Between a techno-fix and fallacy

The preservation of urban heritage is one of the main challenges for contemporary society and an important task for governments. The administration of urban heritage preservation (UHP) requires effective methods, as well as sufficient material and human resources. The administrative practice of UHP is embedded in the relevant regulatory framework, which comprises legislative and normative acts at municipal, national, and international levels. The scale and range of heritage objects to be monitored, the complex statutory basis of the regulatory framework, and the traditionally low human and material resources of city administrations all contribute to the ineffectiveness of UHP practice in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Vilnius.Advances in technologies such as 3D spatial scanning and AI-based image processing offer the promise of a technological fix to the ineffective administrative practice. In this paper, we present a grounded design study aimed at developing a technology prototype for an automated urban heritage risk monitoring tool. Originally conceived as a techno-fix to the inefficiency of administrative practice, the prototype development reveals tensions and stumbling blocks within digitalisation efforts. Using the analytical lens of the Trifecta model of IT-based regulation, the case study examines the interaction between technological and administrative domains in shaping technology design choices.Based on this case study, we critique the notion that IT is perceived as capable of providing “techno-fix” solutions to tasks requiring reflective human decision-making, especially when such solutions are expected to be effective without first redesigning the entire organisational system. The paper concludes with a discussion on the limits of automating administrative practices and identifies specific avenues for further research into the digitalisation of urban heritage preservation.

Methodology of Using Large Language Models to Solve Tasks of State and Municipal Government for Intelligent Abstracting and Automatic Generation of Text Content

Large language models (LLM) are finding new areas of application in practice, including the sphere of public and municipal administration. To increase the efficiency of the practical application of large language models rules and methods of interaction with them are developed, taking into account the specifics, a wide range of their possible use and increasing accessibility. The article examines the issues of improving the efficiency of large language models with various types of content using prompt engineering techniques. An analysis of a significant number of prompts for large language models and methods for their formation is presented. The article discusses the possibilities of using large language models, trained (customizable) using creative prompting for intelligent abstracting of various content with the subsequent generation of original texts and text documents for the sphere of state and municipal administration. The proposed methodology makes it possible to effectively integrate knowledge from various sources into LLM training and turn it into a truly intelligent tool that expands the possibilities of its work. When applying this approach, the LLM acts as a powerful intelligent assistant that allows you to generate a document authored by the user of the system. The use of large language models opens up wide opportunities for employees in the field of state and municipal administration to automate the process of creating thematic texts, text reports, qualification papers, reviews and analytical notes. It also allows users to see possible new meanings, previously unnoticed associations, and even generate new ideas in the field of management in the process of analyzing the texts received during the abstract. The authors have shown that in order to improve the quality of intellectual abstracting, it is necessary to carry out the iterative use of different methods of teaching (tuning) LLM. At the same time, the initial selection of texts for training, which is made by the user based on his/her own knowledge of the subject area, is important.

Interpreting multilateral diplomacy in the Indonesian Parliament’s debates on climate crisis and sustainability

ABSTRACT Generally ‘diplomacy’ belongs to the tasks of the executive government, especially to the foreign affairs services. Nowadays, diplomacy includes everyone, including parliaments in a multilateral setting, especially when discussing global issues, such as climate change. This article discusses the parliamentary diplomacy practices of the Indonesian Parliament which are claimed to support multilateralism and foreign cooperation in international gatherings. The data is studied from the international events that this committee organized and Indonesian parliamentary meetings abroad in 2017–22, seen from the ideal parliamentary aspects of deliberation, representation, responsibility, and sovereignty. The data reveals that while the climate crisis is agreed to be more critical and awareness has been built among the members of parliament in this committee, the whole parliamentary members or the Indonesian Parliament as the institution does not fully acknowledge it yet. Legislation has not yet been enacted to tackle the climate crisis. Consequently, despite such sporadic efforts, the actions remain small, and inter-parliamentary diplomacy does not result in anything concrete. Multilateral diplomacy from parliament is still limited in this case.

PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA ASN DENGAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA DINAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP KABUPATEN SITUBONDO

The Situbondo Regency Environmental Service (DLH) has a strategic role in carrying out regional government tasks in the environmental sector based on the principle of regional autonomy. This research aims to analyze the influence of Work Culture, Job Satisfaction and Work Environment on ASN Performance at the Situbondo Regency Environmental Service. The population in this study were ASN at the Situbondo Regency Environmental Service. This research was carried out using a quantitative approach and a sampling technique determined by probability sampling using the Slovin method, which means that the population size in this study reached a size that met the error requirement of 10%. The results of hypothesis testing using the Smart PLS 3.0 application show that Work Culture has a positive and significant effect on Performance, Job Satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect on Performance. Hypothesis test results moderated by the Work Environment variable have a negative effect in moderating Work Culture on Performance but are not significant, the Work Environment variable has a positive effect in moderating Job Satisfaction on Performance but is not significant.

Analysis Of Development And Evaluation Of Public Service Performance Of The Kelumpang West District Office, Kotabaru Distric

Every organization has goals to achieve, and human resources are essential to reaching these objectives. Employees provide energy, talent, creativity, and effort, making them key to an organization's success. In addition to knowledge and competence, employees must possess experience, motivation, commitment, self-discipline, and enthusiasm. In West Kelumpang sub-district, Kotabaru district, providing effective public services is critical. One of the government's tasks is to deliver public services while empowering communities and supporting development activities. These services aim to enhance community satisfaction, which is crucial for creating a competitive and adaptive government agency. This descriptive qualitative research explores the leadership and communication strategies in West Kelumpang District. Findings show that democratic leadership plays a significant role, allowing employees to provide input and discuss policies openly. Leaders set examples through discipline and proper conduct, which fosters a disciplined work environment. Communication within the organization is structured through briefings that define tasks and responsibilities. Meetings are also held to review past performance and plan future actions. The district utilizes upward, downward, and lateral communication, often through informal channels. Leaders maintain an exemplary attitude, serving as role models for their subordinates. Overall, the research emphasizes that effective leadership and communication are vital to improving public services and ensuring that government agencies meet community needs and remain competitive in a changing environment.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Performance Of Village Government Officials In The Implementation Of Government Tasks Village In Lebong Atas Sub-District Lebong District

Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Performance Of Village Government Officials In The Implementation Of Government Tasks Village In Lebong Atas Sub-District Lebong District

Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Performance Of Village Government Officials In The Implementation Of Government Tasks Village In Lebong Atas Sub-District Lebong District

Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Performance Of Village Government Officials In The Implementation Of Government Tasks Village In Lebong Atas Sub-District Lebong District

A comparative review of financial corruption prevention strategies in the republic of Iraq

Corruption is a systemic issue that impacts every aspect of human activity with financial violations and corruption. It stands among the most crucial of issues which due to its historical roots, has expanded in our societies. Administrative and financial corruption is an unlawful action carried out by a group of employees. It manifests wherever it can and takes various forms such as bribery, fraud, cheating, complicity in government tasks entrusted to government employees, and abuse of influence in departments. This problem occurs in both developing and developed countries. When countries deviate from religious and moral values, lack effective anti-corruption laws, and also grapple with weak governments and regimes unable to enforce anti-corruption mechanisms or when they face severe economic crises such as wars or imposed economic pressure, corruption flourishes. This undermines political legitimacy, exacerbates poverty, and leads to economic and political instability. By misusing and illegally benefiting from authority, influence, and public resources for personal enrichment, administrative and financial corruption leads to illegal actions by officials and violates fundamental human rights. Therefore, financial corruption impacts the economic and social structures of both developing and developed countries in the same manner. This article aims to address this question: What are the methods that can be employed to prevent corruption, and its examples in the legal frameworks of Iraq? The current research employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The information was gathered through specialized books and articles in this field, laws, regulations, ongoing plans and bills, and international documents.

The Effect of Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable on Employee Performance

In order to realize national goals, the State Civil Apparatus (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ASN) is needed which is given the task of carrying out public service tasks, government tasks and certain development tasks. The purpose of the research is to find efforts to improve performance through identification of variables that are thought to affect performance. Based on the initial survey in terms of work quantity, namely there are still employees who have not completed the work according to the targeted amount, there are still employees who have not been able to do additional tasks given by superiors and employees. The results of the study that organizational climate is proven to have a positive direct effect on employee performance, organizational climate is proven to have a positive direct effect on work motivation. In this study, organizational climate variables affect work motivation, Interpersonal communication has a positive direct effect on and employee performance. Interpersonal communication has a positive direct effect on and work motivation. Work motivation has a positive direct effect on employee performance. Organizational climate has an indirect effect on employee performance through work motivation. Interpersonal communication has no indirect effect on employee performance through work motivation.

Evaluasi Implementasi Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah (SPIP) pada Pemerintah Kota Gorontalo

This research aims to find out how the government internal control system (SPIP) is implemented in the Gorontalo city government. This research uses qualitative research methods, the data source used is primary data where this research uses in-depth interview data collection techniques based on the SPIP elements contained in Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 concerning the government's internal control system. This research examines the control environment in the Gorontalo City Government, highlighting clear policies, high ethical values, and strong commitment in government management. Although significant steps have been taken, there are several aspects that require further attention. Evaluation of the organizational structure, improving communication, and adjusting roles and responsibilities were identified as potential solutions to improve internal control performance. In addition, the importance of information system security is also emphasized as the main focus for continued improvement. Nevertheless, the Gorontalo City Government shows a clear commitment to improving the control system by considering continuous evaluation to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in government tasks. Steps such as risk evaluation, implementing controls, monitoring information systems, and improving communications and information technology infrastructure are proposed as an effort to improve control performance and increase coordination and access to relevant information in the Gorontalo City Government.

Road Traffic Enforcement: Using Technology Through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

The past two decades have seen a wide - ranging wave of privatizations in formerly government owned or - controlled activities. A government task or service which is funded and operated through a partnership between a public sector authority and private sector company based on guidelines and performance standards set by a public party is typically referred to as a Public Private Partnership (PPP). In most countries traffic enforcement cameras and other equipment are purchased, owned, and operated by government organisations. Back - offices, where violation data are processed, citations issued, and traffic fines collected, have traditionally been government - run activities. In a PPP model, a private party invests and installs enforcement equipment (e. g. speed or red - light cameras) and conducts back office processing, such as sending out violation notices and managing and confirming fine collection. The investment in equipment and related processing and support activities are funded by fine revenues collected from the motoring public over the contract term. Gaining public support, and ultimately acceptance, for the PPP model is crucial, which is why transparency, publicity and continuous communication are key factors for successful and sustainable implementation. Full service PPPs are often organised on a municipal level in close consultation with the local administration and police. Due to the high initial investment and gradual repayment, such PPPs are typically based on longer term contracts. Moreover, the regulatory environment may require some changes to allow involvement of a private party. One process that is difficult to outsource is the formal confirmation of a violation by a review of the photo or video evidence. Generally, this can only be validly performed by an authorised government official, such as a police officer. Depending on laws and regulations applicable to specific jurisdictions, there could be more issues that may limit the extent of the private party’s involvement in these PPPs. When properly implemented, PPP’s in traffic enforcement can considerably contribute to the reduction of casualties, injuries and crashes, as well as improve traffic flow, and increase quality of life with more safety, lower emissions and less noise pollution. Speed reduction also significantly benefits the safety of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians, and two - wheelers Personal injury and death on roadways also have a significant impact on the economy through medical costs, lost resources and wages and disability pay outs. These costs are significant and are estimated by the WHO to amount to an average of around 3% of a country’s GNP. This figure rises to 5% in some low - and middle - income countries

Інституціоналізація довіри до монетарної політики як інструмент залучення інвестицій для відновлення економіки України

One of the economic tasks of the Ukrainian government is to attract external foreign investments to rebuild the economy and expand its own national production, which entails other positive socio-economic effects. This study analyzes how monetary policy becomes an important tool for promoting the attraction of foreign investments through the institutionalization of trust in the National Bank of Ukraine (hereinafter – the NBU). The study identifies the main political and economic contradictions inherent in the instruments of monetary policy, due to which the importance of increasing trust in the NBU by ensuring its institutional independence is substantiated, in particular, via introducing high-quality corporate governance. It has been proven that institutionalized trust via the predictability of the use of monetary policy instruments, has a positive effect on Ukraine’s investment attractiveness, which increases the potential for this country’s economic recovery.

New development: Climate consulting and the transformation of climate governance

IMPACT External consultancies’ involvement in climate governance has grown substantially in recent years. Public sector managers encounter them in government tasks from policy research and design to climate modelling and training. Climate consultants include experts from large multinational firms, such as Deloitte and McKinsey, as well as from smaller ‘pure play’ advisories. Analysing why governments increasingly contract climate consultancies is important for understanding the implications for the ability to achieve climate mitigation and adaptation objectives and, ultimately, how governments can best harness the skills and knowledge of external actors to meet those goals.

The newest human rights: binary approaches to their definition

While for medical professionals, a scientific breakthrough in medicine the like of the ability for transplantation, cloning, and the active implementation of reproductive technologies for addressing infertility is a reason for celebration, then, for legal professionals, it primarily serves as a basis for fruitful work. The issue of newest human rights belongs to the realm of global theoretical and legal issues that can no longer be ignored. Specific constitutional decisions regarding the fourth-generation human rights should be preceded by their scientific contemplation within the framework of legal theory. We believe that such scientific research should be comprehensive, and specific legal conclusions, due to the specific nature of the rights under research, may be supplemented by arguments of philosophical, medical, or religious nature. On the one hand, progress in science and technology positively impacts the realization of already enshrined human rights, opening up new opportunities for their enforcement, protection, and the creation of new areas for international cooperation in this field, opens up new human needs and opportunities, and on the other hand, quite unexpectedly, it can also have a negative impact, creating new threats to the realization of the interests of individuals, society, or the state. Ensuring and protecting the fourth-generation human rights are essential tasks for all national governments, human rights organizations, and the international community as a whole. We emphasize the need to improve the legal framework for ensuring all the newest human rights. The level of recognition and enforcement of such rights indicates the essence of the state and can serve as one of the criteria for recognizing it as a rule of law and democracy. We stress that the research of the fourth-generation human rights is important for several reasons, as they are inextricably linked to other human rights, such as the right to life, health, personal integrity, the right to safe living conditions, etc. Understanding the specifics of newest rights will help ensure the physical, emotional and informational security of a person, and secure their freedom of action based on respect for the personalities of others. The article distinguishes somatic rights, defining them as those that provide a person with additional opportunities in the field of health care. We emphasize that somatic rights should be viewed as an independent group of human rights that meets the interests and needs of modern person. We characterize them as personal subjective human rights, which realize the freedom of action of a person in relation to his or her body.

Machine Learning and HRM: A Path to Efficient Workforce Management

Machine Learning and HRM: A Path to Efficient Workforce Management

The Psychological Significance of the Social Services Situation on Improving Municipal Communication in Social Policy

The paper aimed to show the psychological significance of a functional social system at the local level in the context that a functional network of social services improves the quality of life in a community. The problem was discussed using the case of an analysis of social service providers in a particular municipality. Citizen satisfaction is a key objective of public policy and the goal of every human individual is to move towards satisfaction with his or her life. An accessible social network improves the subjective perception of their problems among residents who find themselves in a difficult social situation. The task of local government is then to provide sufficient social service options to communicate with its citizens. The analysis carried out showed the limits and challenges for the future direction of the social network. This must necessarily mean improving the communication strategy of the municipality as a guarantor of social policy. At the center of this effort is the user of social services or the citizen who is a potential future user.

Trade-offs Between Equity and Efficiency in Prioritizing Critical Infrastructure Investments: A Case of Stormwater Management Systems

Critical infrastructures in many countries face the problem of aging and, thus, require significant upgrades to continue serving their purpose for the next few decades, especially in the face of extreme weather events caused by global climate change. Given the urgent need for such improvements and the substantial funding gaps being experienced, prioritizing investments in critical infrastructures is a challenging task for governments. Furthermore, the need to assure equitable solutions, as well as to consider deep uncertainty due to climate change, adds to the complexity of the problem. We seek to address this complexity by developing a set of models that explicitly consider both horizontal and vertical equity, along with efficiency, in prioritizing stormwater infrastructure improvement projects. While horizontal equity seeks to provide equal resources to everyone, vertical equity aims to allocate relatively more resources to vulnerable groups who are disproportionately susceptible to shocks and are more likely to fall into chronic poverty. By differentiating between losses in horizontal equity and vertical equity due to efficiency considerations, the models provide a practical approach to find the right balance among efficiency, horizontal equity, and vertical equity. The initial models are then extended into regret-based optimization models to help address the issue of deep uncertainty. A case study of stormwater infrastructure improvement in the City of Miami is presented, through which the performance of the models is explored both with and without the projected sea-level rise scenarios. The findings highlight the value of the proposed approach in promoting equity while maintaining efficiency.

An empirical analysis of individual and collective determinants of international research collaboration

International research collaboration is a crucial determinant of scientific productivity, but it remains an underdeveloped task for governments, universities and research systems. Despite important economic and institutional efforts to promote collaborations, not all researchers establish successful international connections during their academic careers. This lack of international contacts hinders knowledge transfer from a broader perspective, limiting, in a way, the advancement of science. This paper analyses these factors—individual and collective—affecting research collaboration in the international context through a hierarchical multiple regression analysis of a sample of 954 Spanish academic researchers. We found that collective factors such as research team social capital—including structural and cognitive dimensions—and team orientation toward research and team productivity clearly affect international collaboration levels. Furthermore, contrary to our expectations, researchers’ human capital and motivation, and the principal investigator’s knowledge-oriented leadership, exerted only a very weak effect, which also is discussed in the paper’s final section.