Life Tasks Research Articles

Lived Experiences in the Life World of Korean Emerging Adults with Foster Care Backgrounds: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

The purpose of this study was to synthesize and interpret the findings of previous qualitative studies that investigated the lived experiences of Korean emerging adults who aged out of the foster care system. Based on our selection criteria, we extracted and analyzed 14 papers that were published between 2010 to 2023. Our meta-synthesis found that the emerging adults’ life world consisted of seven domains: family experience, life tasks, education and work, financial issues, home and family, interpersonal relationships, and psychological and emotional issues. We restructured the emerging adults’ lived experiences using van Manen’s concepts of lived time, lived space, lived things, lived self-other, and lived body. Our meta-synthesis revealed that these emerging adults experienced multidimensional difficulties due to shortcomings of formal and informal social support after aging out of the foster care system. Their difficulties accumulated in their interaction with lived time. Based on the level of their accumulated difficulties, we categorized the emerging adults into stable, struggling, and isolated groups. However, it is important to note that many of them adapted to their own life world and strived to move forward. This qualitative meta-synthesis provides a comprehensive understanding and new interpretation of emerging adults who transition from foster care to independent living in the context of Korea.

Long-term follow-up of clinical trial participants: Predictors of post-trial response in older subjects

Background and objectiveThe post-trial follow-up (PTFU) phase of a clinical trial can provide important information on maintenance of intervention effects. However, approaches for the PTFU are rarely described. This short communication describes our process for PTFU that involved recontacting older subjects who participated in a clinical trial between 2015 and 2019. We also describe correlates of response to our PTFU survey. MethodsThe parent clinical trial aimed to reduce depression symptoms among older spousally-bereaved adults. We attempted to recontact our sample during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using logistic regression, we examined physical health, depression symptoms, cognitive status, and disability as correlates of participant response to the PTFU phase. ResultsForty-two percent of participants responded to the PTFU survey. Disability – or the inability to participate in major life tasks and social roles - was significantly associated with response. Participants with greater disability were less likely to respond to the PTFU survey. ConclusionsOlder adults with disabilities may need alternative and supportive strategies for engaging in the PTFU phase.Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02631291

‛It's all communication': Family members' perspectives on the communication needs for themselves and their relatives with primary progressive aphasia.

Communication disabilities, such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), impact family members as well as the individuals with the condition. To provide adequate communication care to people with PPA (PwPPA) and their family members, it is crucial to understand the communication needs from the family members' perspectives. To date, research on the communication needs of people with primary progressive aphasia and their family members from the perspectives of family members has been limited. The specific research objectives were to explore (a) the communication needs pertaining to PwPPA in the early, middle and late stages; and (b) the communication needs pertaining to family members of PwPPA in the early, middle and late stages, from the perspectives of family members. This study employed a qualitative description approach, underpinned by the pragmatic paradigm. Data collection involved semi-structured qualitative interviews with eight family members (relatives of four individuals with the logopenic variant of PPA, of two individuals with the nonfluent variant of PPA, of one individual with the semantic variant of PPA and of one individual with mixed PPA). Qualitative content analysis was used to identify codes and categories in relation to the research objectives. Qualitative content analysis revealed eight categories of communication needs pertaining to the PwPPA: person-specific needs; diagnosis and disclosure; general communication difficulties; impact on communication in everyday life; impact on cognition; impact on psychosocial well-being; impact on person's dignity and autonomy; and future planning. Six categories were identified pertaining to the family members: information about and awareness of PPA; impact of communication difficulties on family/others; increased responsibilities for the family in everyday life; impact on psychosocial well-being; and future planning. This investigation has expanded our knowledge in the area by providing insights about communication needs which speech-language pathologists and other health professionals should be aware of and take into account when providing communication care to PwPPA and their families. What is already known on the subject Person- and family-centred communication care is optimally guided by the person's and family's needs and values. Research on communication care for people with primary progressive aphasia has underscored the inclusion of family members. Previous research has investigated the impact and experiences of living with primary progressive aphasia from the family member perspective. What this paper adds to existing knowledge To date, research focusing on identifying the communication needs of people with primary progressive aphasia and their family members from the perspective of family members is limited. This study adds the family members' perspectives on the communication needs pertaining to themselves and their relatives with primary progressive aphasia in the early, middle and late stages of primary progressive aphasia. What are the potential or clinical implications of this work? Several clinical implications have been raised. Family members experience communication needs for themselves and should be included as recipients of communication care. Clinicians supporting people with primary progressive aphasia should be cognizant of the impact of communication fatigue on everyday life and therapy tasks. Communication care for this population should include communication partner training, support for psychosocial well-being and support with communication around future planning.

Exploring the Role of Video Playback Visual Cues in Object Retrieval Tasks.

Searching for objects is a common task in daily life and work. For augmented reality (AR) devices without spatial perception systems, the image of the object's last appearance serves as a common search assistance. Compared to using only images as visual cues, videos capturing the process of object placement can provide procedural guidance, potentially enhancing users' search efficiency. However, complete video playback capturing the entire object placement process as visual cues can be excessively lengthy, requiring users to invest significant viewing time. To explore whether segmented or accelerated video playback can still assist users in object retrieval tasks effectively, we conducted a user study. The results indicated that when video playback is covering the first appearance of the object's destination to the object's final appearance (referred to as the destination appearance, DA) and playing at normal speed, search time and cognitive load were significantly reduced. Subsequently, we designed a second user study to evaluate the performance of video playback compared to image cues in object retrieval tasks. The results showed that combining the DA playback starting point with images of the object's last appearance further reduced search time and cognitive load.

Participatory design of a virtual reality life review therapy system for palliative care

We present a novel Virtual Reality (VR) life review therapy system. Life review therapy is an intervention used by clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers for patients under palliative care to systematically examine various life experiences to resolve conflicts and complete life tasks. The goal of the therapy is to narrativize the patient’s life before death in order to come to terms with their mortality. Our VR life review therapy system allows therapists to perform their interventions in customized virtual spaces designed to encourage the patient to reflect and reminisce about their life experiences. Our system is also developed in response to mobility restrictions and COVID-19 pandemic-related quarantine measures that have separated patients under palliative care from family and friends, resulting in emotional and psychological distress. As VR systems related to health are increasingly being used by therapists in their interventions, it is of utmost importance that the health professionals who will be the end users of these systems are involved in the design process to create ethical healthcare technologies. In response, we initiated the participatory design and evaluation of our VR life review therapy system prototype with six clinical psychologists who have practical experience delivering life review therapy to patients in palliative care in the Hong Kong hospital system. In the study, each participant experienced the VR life review therapy system and evaluated its strengths and weaknesses through semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data gathered from these interviews was coded according to nine different categories; avatars, content design, evaluation, haptic sensations, interaction, gesturing and gaze direction, movement and navigation, non-verbal communication, soundtrack. These conceptual categories were chosen based on our analysis of common themes reported by the clinical psychologists’ experience of the system. Feedback from clinical psychologists on each of these categories was incorporated into the redesign and update of the final system. Overall, participants generally evaluated the system as feasible and effective for use with patients under palliative care, while movement and interaction were the features requiring the most improvement.

Implementation of an innovative ERAS protocol in cardiac surgery: A qualitative evaluation from patients' perspective.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to optimize the recovery process for patients after surgical interventions and focus on patient-centered care. In cardiac surgery, the ERAS concept is still in its early stages. Our university hospital has implemented an innovative ERAS protocol for minimally invasive heart valve surgery since 2021. Therefore, our study aimed to comprehensively assess the patient experience within this newly established ERAS protocol and focused on exploring and understanding the nuances of optimal healthcare delivery under the ERAS framework from the unique perspective of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using Kuckartz´s qualitative content analysis. The following main themes emerged from the 12 completed patient interviews: 1) information and communication flow, 2) perioperative patient care, and 3) rehabilitation. Patients found the pre-operative patient education and preconditioning very helpful. Patients were satisfied with the flow of information throughout the whole perioperative care process. Most patients expressed a need for more information about the course of surgery. The intensity of care provided by different professions was perceived as optimal. The support and inclusion of relatives in perioperative care were considered crucial. Patients appreciated the direct transfer to the rehabilitation and mainly were able to cope with daily life tasks afterward. In summary, all patients experienced the ERAS protocol positively, and their healthcare process was well established. Active inclusion and education of patients in their treatment can improve patient empowerment. Two further aspects that deserve major consideration in the healthcare process are the inclusion of relatives and interprofessional cooperation.

Age-Related Changes in Functional Skills and Daily Life Task Management Among Autistic Youth.

Autistic youth who graduate with a high school diploma may experience challenges in acquiring functional skills for everyday independence. Few studies have focused on how their functional and self-management skills change during the transition to adulthood. To examine cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes in the functional and self-management skills of transition-age autistic youth. Exploratory longitudinal study (18-mo follow-up). Community. Autistic high school students who graduated with a high school diploma and their parents (N = 50). Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (ASD). Older youth (ages 18-20 yr) had significantly lower normative Social/Cognitive and Responsibility domain scores (i.e., self-management) than youth ages 14-17 yr. Approximately 2 yr later, youth in both age groups significantly improved in scaled scores on the Daily Activities and Responsibility domains. Autistic youth's functional and self-management skills fell below those of nonautistic peers; however, these skills do change over time and are therefore appropriate targets for intervention. Plain-Language Summary: The findings of this study highlight the importance of focusing on the functional and self-management skills of autistic youth as part of their transition to adulthood. Occupational therapists can play a valuable role in helping autistic youth to achieve independence as adults by assessing their functional needs and strengths and by providing client-centered interventions.

Material inheritance transmission by older childless Portuguese adults

Purpose Material inheritance transmission is a normative task in later life that has been scarcely studied, particularly when involving older childless adults. This study aims to deepen the knowledge about the transmission of material inheritances by older (65+ years) childless Portuguese adults. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative exploratory study comprises 43 participants. A semi-structured interview was administered and submitted to content analysis. Findings Material inheritance transmission involves precipitant events (realizing they will not have children), deciding on content and moment (what and when), planning (getting legal advice, making a will and preventing family conflicts), distributing (usually based on values of reciprocity and strategic exchange) and resolution (marked by conflict). Originality/value Material inheritances have been mostly studied from economic and legal perspectives. This research examines material inheritances transmissions within family dynamics, showing that older childless individuals seem to use material inheritances in a strategic exchange way, to ensure they will be well cared for in old age.

The Scale of Motivationess: an Empirical Description of the Phenomenon and a Presentation of the Method

The aim of the article consists in establishing empirical descriptors of the state of motivation. Methods. The study was implemented according to the Nelson model, which provides for the possibility of determining the essence of the problem under the existing conditions. The empirical research used such methods as the motivation structure questionnaire, the existential feasibility scale of Lange and Orgler, the Schwartz motivational values questionnaire, the Luthans psychological capital method, the Riff psychological well-being questionnaire, the personality life tasks questionnaire (Laboratory of Social Psychology of the personality of Prof. Tytarenko), the questionnaire of Stepa’s reserve motivation, Stepa’s psychological resourcefulness questionnaire, meaningfulness of life method (an adaptation version of the Krumbo and Maholik questionnaire), Muddy’s hardiness questionnaire. The following methods of mathematical and statistical analysis were applied: multivariate, cluster, correlational, comparative, and classification analysis. Research results. The following indicators of motivationess were determined: confidence in one’s capabilities, realistic goal formulation, a clearly defined sequence of actions, effective self-organization of time, understanding of the ratio of one’s strengths and difficulties, completing a task by applying one’s efforts, interest in the process of completing the task, desire to complete the task, inspiration from one’s own experience of success, the ability to draw analytical conclusions from one’s own experience of failures, resistance to stress during task performance, proactiveness in setting the task, the desire to receive and provide informative feedback during the execution and completion of the task, readiness to learn new knowledge and skills to perform the task, sense vocation for staging and completing the task. Cronbach alpha for statements of the Motivationess scale is within 0.91–0.92. The value of intercorrelations of motivationess indicators is 0.30–0.78 (p < .001). The classification analysis showed that low, medium, and high levels of motivationess were correctly determined by 90%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The structure of motivationess is two-factor, cumulative multi-factor analysis explained 59% of the variance of the data in the group. A higher level of motivationess is characterized by its procedural, dynamic indicators. The k-means method showed the correctness of distinguishing two types of motivationess - low and high; the type of motivationess is determined by its dynamic indicators. Conclusions. Motivationess is characterized by us as a dynamic motivational state of existential discourse, which is actualized about a certain life task, is manifested in the ability of the individual to correlate his resources with the challenges of life conditions in a dialogic interaction, and is experienced by him as inspiration. The motivation scale received the necessary indicators of its reliability. The text of the Motivationess scale is included in the appendix to the article.

Social and joint attention during shared book reading in young autistic children: a potential marker for social development.

Atypical patterns of social engagement and joint attention behaviors are diagnostic criteria for people with autism spectrum disorder. Experimental tasks using eye-tracking methodologies have, however, shown inconsistent results. The development of tasks with greater ecological validity and relevance for developmentally appropriate social milestones has been identified as important for the field. We developed a novel, dynamic eye-tracking task emulating a shared book reading (SBR) scenario. Four SBR videos of an adult reader engaging with the viewer while reading a children's picture book and including sequenced bids for joint attention were developed. Participants included 90 children (N = 56 autistic children, N = 34 neurotypical children; aged 3-12). Social attention was also measured in a live free play task between participants and an experimenter. Compared to neurotypical children, autistic children displayed reduced attention to socially salient stimuli including the reader's face and picture book across SBR videos and during joint attention bids specifically. In contrast, they showed increased attention to nonsalient background stimuli compared to their neurotypical peers. These attention patterns in autistic children were associated with reduced verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills and increased symptoms associated with autism. Interestingly, positive correlations in the frequency of eye gaze between SBR and free play suggested a potential predictive value for social attention in live social interactions. Findings highlight the utility of SBR eye-tracking tasks in understanding underlying divergences in social engagement and joint attention between autistic and neurotypical children. This commonly practiced early childhood activity may provide insights into the relationship between social engagement and learning to reveal how such attentional patterns might influence broader developmental and educational outcomes.

Natural Language Understanding for Navigation of Service Robots in Low-Resource Domains and Languages: Scenarios in Spanish and Nahuatl

Human–robot interaction is becoming increasingly common to perform useful tasks in everyday life. From the human–machine communication perspective, achieving effective interaction in natural language is one challenge. To address it, natural language processing strategies have recently been used, commonly following a supervised machine learning framework. In this context, most approaches rely on the use of linguistic resources (e.g., taggers or embeddings), including training corpora. Unfortunately, such resources are scarce for some languages in specific domains, increasing the complexity of solution approaches. Motivated by these challenges, this paper explores deep learning methods for understanding natural language commands emitted to service robots that guide their movements in low-resource scenarios, defined by the use of Spanish and Nahuatl languages, for which linguistic resources are scarcely unavailable for this specific task. Particularly, we applied natural language understanding (NLU) techniques using deep neural networks and transformers-based models. As part of the research methodology, we introduced a labeled dataset of movement commands in the mentioned languages. The results show that models based on transformers work well to recognize commands (intent classification task) and their parameters (e.g., quantities and movement units) in Spanish, achieving a performance of 98.70% (accuracy) and 96.96% (F1) for the intent classification and slot-filling tasks, respectively). In Nahuatl, the best performance obtained was 93.5% (accuracy) and 88.57% (F1) in these tasks, respectively. In general, this study shows that robot movements can be guided in natural language through machine learning models using neural models and cross-lingual transfer strategies, even in low-resource scenarios.

A Serious Game for Cognitive Stimulation of Older People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Design and Pilot Usability Study.

Cognitive stimulation of older people helps prevent, and even treat, age-related diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment. Playing games reduces the probability of experiencing this pathology, which is related to the loss of the ability to carry out some instrumental activities of daily living. This work describes the design and development of a serious game for the cognitive stimulation of older people, with exercises related to the daily life task of shopping. A pilot study for its preliminary usability validation is also presented. The designed serious game includes 4 exercises consisting of shopping in a hypermarket, ordering products, making payments, and organizing the purchase, thus dealing with the most frequent cognitive problems of older people associated with episodic declarative memory, naming, calculation, and organization, respectively. A total of 19 older people participated in the pilot study for the usability validation of the serious game. They indicated that they like the aesthetic and interesting topic of the game. They reported that it provides a high level of entertainment and could be useful in daily life for mental stimulation. The participants found the serious game to be intuitive, but the ease of use and readability of the instructions could be improved. This study suggests that the innovative serious game developed could be accepted by older people for their cognitive stimulation to prevent or treat mild cognitive impairment, although a long-term intervention study should be performed as future work. Its ecological validity design, with everyday tasks, adaptable levels of difficulty, and motivational mechanisms, is a differentiating factor compared to similar serious games.

Question asking in active listening scale for early adolescents: Behavioral measure development and initial validation.

Relational theories of human development explain how stereotypes and their underlying ideologies thwart social connections that are fundamental for individuals to thrive, especially in early adolescence. Intervention research to address this crisis of connection is still emergent and active listening is one promising strategy to this end; however, its efficacy has not been examined in part because no validated measures of active listening for this population exist. This validation study is the first to examine whether the behavioral dimensions of one form of active listening can be captured using a coding scheme to assess adolescents' engagement in a live interviewing task (N = 293). Importantly, the measure was developed within the context of a theory-driven intervention to train adolescents in transformative curiosity and listening to enhance connection. Findings indicate that two dimensions underlie the measure as hypothesized, open-ended questions and follow-up questions, with acceptable internal consistency. The measure is sensitive to change in adolescents' questioning skills before and after the intervention. Further, asking follow-up questions was positively related to empathy and also predicted a respondent's perception of their interviewer as a good listener. The effect for asking open-ended questions was moderated by dyad-level tendencies to elicit disclosure from others. The current measure not only examines question asking as a more nuanced behavioral dimension of active listening than previous measures, it is also the first to do so among a sample of early adolescents. The measure will be useful in assessing active listening interventions' efficacy to address the crisis of connection.

Revisiting Panksepp: a review of his contributions to neuropsychoanalysis

IntroductionPanksepp paved the way for neuropsychoanalysts to better delineate the differences between emotions, feelings, and affect, and their evolutionary purposes. Affect pertains to an individual’s capacity to engage in emotional responses to stimuli, events, memories, and thoughts, while feelings denote the conscious perceptions of emotions, which are primarily social in nature.Feelings are personal and biographical, while affect remains largely impersonal. Panksepp’s theory of basic affective systems in mammals, dividing emotions into positive and negative categories, is another major contribution to neuropsychoanalysis. Three primary emotions -joy, fear, and disgust- have been identified in humans, which are associated with specific peptides and monoamines (e.g., dopamine and endorphins for joy, norepinephrine and CRH for fear, serotonin and substance P for disgust). These basic emotions are thought to have evolved to address basic life tasks in a phylogenetic and ontogenetic primary stage.ObjectivesThis study aims to provide an overview of Jaak Panksepp’s theories and assertions on the journal Neuropsychoanalysis.MethodsThe authors employed a neuropsychoanalytic approach to analyse articles published in the Neuropsychoanalysis journal between 2015-2023.ResultsEmotions primarily function to maintain homeostasis and protect the organism, as in fight or flight responses. In social animals, emotions can sometimes be recognized among individuals of the same and different species. The neurobiological basis of emotional transfer and empathy-like behaviors shed light on cross-species emotion transfer.ConclusionsThe facial feedback hypothesis and the interoceptive inference theory are also discussed as examples of theories for the recognition of emotions as well as the neural mechanisms involved in emotion perception and recognition.Jaak Panksepp’s valuable insights shed light on the mysteries of human affect, and lay the foundation for future work in the field.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Life tasks and value orientations of future teachers under conditions of a digital educational environment

The present study aims to establish and substantiate statistically significant correlations between the life tasks and value orientations of future teachers in training in a digital educational environment. Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic tools were applied to measure the study variables. Two correlation matrices were constructed: one between the terminal and instrumental values and another between these values and the parameters of life tasks. The results reveal that the values “entertainment”, “high demands” and “responsibility” present the greatest number of significant correlations, which indicates that they are the most dependent values and prioritized by future teachers. A notable finding is that the parameter “integrity of life” does not correlate significantly with any of the values studied. This suggests that life integrity is an autonomous dimension in the lives of future teachers. The correlations identified in this study have important implications for the planning and organization of the quality educational process in universities, particularly in digital environments.

Особенности психического состояния, совладающего поведения и их взаимосвязь у студентов в ситуации резких социальных перемен

The article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the mental state, self-regulation, coping strategies and the interrelationships between them among university students during the period of drastic social changes that occurred in the winter and spring of 2022 and continue to influence people's lives at the present time. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to implement support for boys and girls to ensure their effective solution of life tasks and further progressive development against the background of modern social challenges. 86 full-time undergraduate students took part in it. The results of the study showed that the tension, comfort, and level of subjective well-being of students are in the middle range, but boys and girls need emotional support from others and assistance in processing unpleasant experiences. Through a rich set of coping strategies (planning, positive reformulation and personal growth, active coping, search for emotional social support, acceptance, concentration on emotions and their active expression), young people search for opportunities for self-realization in a situation of drastic social changes. Positive reformulation and personal growth, active coping, suppression of competing activities, and the search for emotional social support allow boys and girls to maintain a high level of subjective well-being and a positive attitude, while avoiding problems and denial leads to the opposite result. Interest plays the role of a motivational resource for the effective adaptation of young people, and emotional tone provides the energy level necessary for processing unpleasant emotions and carrying out constructive actions in difficult circumstances.

Driving as essential, cycling as conditional: how automobility is politically sustained in discourses of everyday mobility

Car-based automobility remains dominant across Europe despite the high energy requirements such a system embeds. This system is becoming increasingly problematised. As part of an alternative vision for everyday mobility, an aspiration for vélomobility appears to be growing. In light of the persistent subordinate status of cycling across much of Europe relative to driving, attempts to lay the foundations for everyday cycling are often pursued through the implementation of redistributive cycleways and broader public space measures that prioritise active travel. These important attempts to change public space can be blocked through public opposition, which can feature as part of broader social practices that may politically sustain automobility as a dominant system. In this study, we explore how automobility is politically sustained in discourses of opposition to a major active travel scheme proposal in the context of Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown, Ireland. We uncover how a normatively car-centric discourse of everyday mobility constructs driving as the essential mobility practice for the functional tasks of everyday life, while cycling is relegated to recreational and conditional mobility, and briefly consider how an alternative discourse of everyday mobility that decentres the car may be advanced.

United States Healthcare System

United States Healthcare System

دور العقل في التجديد الدعوي :دراسة تحليلية

The Intellect is Allah’s (SW) greatest blessing, and like every blessing in this world, it is also part of man’s examination paper. Rather, it is the fundamental part of every human being’s life. He who has no wisdom & intellect has no exam, and he who does not have a wisdom or intellect he/she is not subject to any kind of responsibility. Allah Almighty said: (And when it is said to them, “Follow what Allah has revealed,” they say, “Rather, we follow what we found our fathers upon, even though their fathers were void of wisdom and guidance”) This verse of holy Quran denounces those who have nullified their wisdom and followed their fathers in false beliefs that have no justified reason. Allah Almighty also said: (No soul can believe, except by the will of Allah. And He will place doubt (or obscurity) on those who will not understand). Yes, the key part in a person’s exam is his/her wisdom and intellect. A person’s body and money are linked to his/her work, and the mind is linked to faith. It is clear that faith precedes work, and both are indispensable to succeed, neither in this world nor in the afterlife. The basic point of the test paper is that there are two ways to solve it, either Right or wrong, and for this reason the paths to failure and success emerge from the same test. Allah Almighty said: (It is He who created death and life that He may test you which of you is best in deeds; and He is the Mighty, the Forgiving) ... The meaning of this verse is that Allah is the one who created death and life to test you and to know after the test which of you is righteous and which of you is not, and there is no way to salvation except by doing that in the correct manner. And Allah Almighty said: (So whoever is removed from the Fire and admitted to Paradise has already achieved success). Therefore, the use of the wisdom and intellect must be among the basic and indispensable tasks of life, and it should be used not only to meet some trivial needs, but for great purposes such as salvation, well-being, pride and dignity in this world and clear victory in the afterlife. The belief that modernity is based on bypassing the Sharia texts and denying them cannot be acceptable, because the desired modernity in dealing with the sharia texts means adhering to them completely, while reconsidering the human effort related to interpreting these texts. Because there has become an urgent need for the wisdom to play its effective and fruitful role in renewing the sciences and building civilization. By contemplating the Qur’anic texts calling for the mind’s mobility, its science, and its mission to advance Knowledge, development, walking in the land, and discovering what is new in it, the meditator finds that the role of the mind has become a major role in the fields of construction, progress, and contemporary civilization, and in the field of renewal, development, and giving. God said: God Almighty said: (Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day, and the ships that sail in the sea for the benefit of people, and what God has sent down from the heaven... water and revives the earth therewith after its death, and scatters in it every living creature, the shifting of the winds, and the clouds subdued between the sky and the earth - these are signs for a people. Akloun). The verse stimulates the wisdom and intellect to think and contemplate the creation of the heavens and the earth, the difference between night and day, and the ships that move in the sea. So, given the importance of this topic, as a researcher I decided to write this research under the title “The Role of wisdom/intellect in Da’wah Renewal”. This research paper is divided into five sections, as follows: First Section: The wisdom does not oppose Alwahy or vice versa Second Section: removing suspicion Third Section: The role of the wisdom in building civilization Fourth Section: The role of the wisdom in renewal Fifth Section: Da’wah renewal

The Effects of a Novel Treatment for Hemianopic Dyslexia on Reading, Symptom Load, and Return to Work.

Reading disorders are frequent in homonymous hemianopia and are termed hemianopic dyslexia (HD). The existing treatment methods have shown improvements in reading speed, accuracy, and eye movements during reading. Yet, little is known about the transfer effects of such treatments on functional, reading-related tasks of daily life, e.g., reading phone numbers, finding typing errors or text memory. In addition, little is known about the effects on symptom load and return to work. Here, we examined a new reading therapy entailing three different methods-floating text, rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of single words, and the moving window technique-and evaluated their efficacy. Twenty-seven chronic HD patients were treated in a baseline design with treatment-free intervals before and after a treatment period of several months. HD was assessed with a battery of reading tests and a questionnaire about subjective symptom load at four time-points. Patients received all three reading therapies over several weeks. The results show significant and stable improvements during treatment within all measures. Approximately 63% of treated patients returned to work after the therapy. We concluded that our novel HD treatment led to widespread and lasting improvements in reading performance, generalized to functional reading tasks and reduced symptom load, and the majority of patients were able to return to work.