Task Fulfillment Research Articles

The meaning of organizational culture and structure for interprofessional collaboration

Abstract In Germany, early neurological rehabilitation (ENR) acts as a link between acute inpatient care and rehabilitation, aiming to restore patients’ ability to rehabilitate amid their complex clinical conditions. Interprofessional cooperation (IPC) is crucial for harmonized treatment due to patients’ vulnerability. An interprofessional team comprising medical, nursing, and various therapy professionals is essential for this purpose. To explore the meaning of organizational culture and structure to IPC, 15 group discussions in 5 clinics were conducted with n = 76 participants. 1. Weekly team meetings are used to coordinate treatment goals and outcomes, but their implementation varies from clinic to clinic. Two types of meetings were identified: those that focus primarily on billing compliance and others that address patients’ long-term perspectives. However, both require additional social service involvement and are not sufficient to adequately address daily tasks, requiring additional IPC coordination. Some clinics have therefore introduced daily meetings to improve the coordination of IPC tasks. 2. Therapy planning and therapist assignment shape IPC and task fulfillment. Three therapy planning methods were observed: centralized, block-based, and flexible, each with different therapist allocation strategies. Centralized planning with flexible allocation leads to appointment pressure and interprofessional communication challenges. Block therapy reduces therapist turnover and promotes better interprofessional coordination in patient care. Flexible therapy planning is conducted through daily interprofessional meetings with shared task allocation and planning leads to a shared understanding. Initial analysis underscores the meaning of organizational structure on interprofessional task fulfillment in ENR, emphasizing the importance of enhancing different cooperation formats which can balance stability and flexibility and integrate social services effectively in patientcare. Key messages • Morning interprofessional meetings on the ward facilitate flexible responses to daily changes in patients’ health conditions and promote interprofessional collaboration. • The consideration of occupational group-specific processes in ward organization is a necessary structural prerequisite for successful interprofessional collaboration.

Produktionssteuerungsumgebungen und ihre (technischen) Probleme

Abstract Technological development is leading to the emergence of new decentralized applications, such as decentralized production systems. Production systems require efficient production control for goal-oriented and resource-saving order processing. The environment in which the production control is implemented contributes significantly to its task fulfilment. This paper examines and analyses centralized and decentralized databases as well as edge and cloud computing as environments for production control. It additionally examines the potential of blockchain technology to solve the various problems of the presented production control environment

Implementation of Saving Function as the Main Function in Activities of European Visual Arts Museums during World War Two

The purpose of the article is to research the saving function implemented by the personnels of the visual arts museums during the Second World War on the territory of Ukraine and of the Western European countries, research the actions of the museum workers seen as sociocultural projects from a scientific point of view. The research methodology lies in the application of historical methods due to which the origin and the development of historical processes and events are being explored in their chronological order with the scope of finding out the historical connections and patterns by means of a modern analysis of how the museum workers fulfilled their positions' tasks during the war. Empirical and theoretical methods are being used. Such methodological research allows the explorers to analyse the ways of the task fulfilment aimed at saving as the main function of all the activities carried out by European art museums during the wars in the twentieth century. The scientific novelty is in a new generalising scientific view on the fulfilment of their positions' tasks by museum workers and military men of a specially founded unit whose goal was to save the museum objects of the world's art heritage under the threat of illegal deeds of the aggressor country. Conclusions. The sociocultural planning of the activities of the European museums' workers used the stereotyped marketing methods aimed at the implementation of saving as the main function. It is necessary to point out that, due to full-scale hostilities on the European territory, the priority function the museums workers wanted to implement was saving and evacuation of museum collections from the hostilities area, as well as conservation works. After the evacuation and restoration in a safe area, the museum personnels, when it was possible, focused their attention on the function of the art works' exhibition.

Data-driven exploratory method investigation on the effect of dyslexia education at brain connectivity in Turkish children: a preliminary study

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin and is characterized by reading and/or spelling problems affecting the development of language-related skills. The aim of this study is to reveal functional markers based on dyslexia by examining the functions of brain regions in resting state and reading tasks and to analyze the effects of special education given during the treatment process of dyslexia. A total of 43 children, aged between 7 and 12, whose native language was Turkish, participated in the study in three groups including those diagnosed with dyslexia for the first time, those receiving special education for dyslexia, and healthy children. Independent component analysis method was employed to analyze functional connectivity variations among three groups both at rest and during the continuous reading task. A whole-brain scanning during task fulfillment and resting states revealed that there were significant differences in the regions including lateral visual, default mode, left frontoparietal, ventral attention, orbitofrontal and lateral motor network. Our results revealed the necessity of adding motor coordination exercises to the training of dyslexic participants and showed that training led to functional connectivity in some brain regions similar to the healthy group. Additionally, our findings confirmed that impulsivity is associated with motor coordination and visuality, and that the dyslexic group has weaknesses in brain connectivity related to these conditions. According to our preliminary results, the differences obtained between children with dyslexia, group of dyslexia with special education and healthy children has revealed the effect of education on brain functions as well as enabling a comprehensive examination of dyslexia.

Development of an Attention Mechanism for Task-Adaptive Heterogeneous Robot Teaming

The allure of team scale and functional diversity has led to the promising adoption of heterogeneous multi-robot systems (HMRS) in complex, large-scale operations such as disaster search and rescue, site surveillance, and social security. These systems, which coordinate multiple robots of varying functions and quantities, face the significant challenge of accurately assembling robot teams that meet the dynamic needs of tasks with respect to size and functionality, all while maintaining minimal resource expenditure. This paper introduces a pioneering adaptive cooperation method named inner attention (innerATT), crafted to dynamically configure teams of heterogeneous robots in response to evolving task types and environmental conditions. The innerATT method is articulated through the integration of an innovative attention mechanism within a multi-agent actor–critic reinforcement learning framework, enabling the strategic analysis of robot capabilities to efficiently form teams that fulfill specific task demands. To demonstrate the efficacy of innerATT in facilitating cooperation, experimental scenarios encompassing variations in task type (“Single Task”, “Double Task”, and “Mixed Task”) and robot availability are constructed under the themes of “task variety” and “robot availability variety.” The findings affirm that innerATT significantly enhances flexible cooperation, diminishes resource usage, and bolsters robustness in task fulfillment.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ГОТОВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА ДО КЕРІВНИЦТВА УЧНІВСЬКИМ ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНИМ КОЛЕКТИВОМ

The article deals with the problem of forming the future music teacher’s readiness for organizational and pedagogical activities in a student instrumental group. The twenty-first century’s teacher is a person who has a system of professional knowledge and skills, is able to maintain the level of psychological, pedagogical and professional training according to the latest achievements and scientific and pedagogical discussions at the national and world levels, strives for continuous selfdevelopment and self-improvement, and is ready for pedagogical activity. The criteria and indicators of the formed level of future music teachers' readiness for organizational and pedagogical work in a student instrumental group are identified and substantiated (motivational and cognitive, cognitive and operational, creative and activity, emotional and volitional criteria). In the course of the study, it was determined that the effectiveness of the formation of the future music teacher’s professional readiness for organizational and pedagogical work in a student instrumental group and its theoretical and methodological substantiation can be carried out under the following basic pedagogical conditions, namely: consistent motivational improvement of students' learning activities in an ensemble class; formation of performance culture as the basis of readiness for instrumental and performing activities; application of an individual approach to the formation of students' performing style of pedagogical guidance of a student instrumental group; systematic involvement of future music teachers in various forms of concert and performance activities; integration of various types of music and performance activities of students; optimal combination of theoretical and practical experience of students with a projection on practical work with students; reliance on the method of activating performance practice. The structure of the future music teacher’s readiness for organizational and pedagogical activities in a student instrumental group is determined, which involves the following components: motivational (responsibility for the task fulfilment), orientational (knowledge and understanding of the features and conditions of activity, requirements for personality), operational (mastery of methods and techniques of activity; necessary knowledge, skills, abilities; processes of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization), volitional (self-control, ability to manage actions, that make up the process of activity), evaluative (self-assessment of one’s own training and its relevance to the process of solving professional problems).

Investigating Chinese students’ motives for intercultural interactions in a Chinese internationalized university

ABSTRACT This study explores the motives of host students’intercultural interactions in a Chinese academic context, which advocates internationalization of education. Three hundred and sixteen Chinese university students in an internationalized comprehensive university who reported that they had intercultural interactions responded to a self-designed questionnaire about their motives to interact with international students. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) identified five factors: Communication Experience, Cultural Exchange, Help-Seeking, Language Enhancement and Task Fulfillment, which explained a total variance of 72.083%. The second study sought to test and verify that survey, and two hundred and five valid Chinese university student questionnaires were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the derived five-factor structure fit the data well. Similarity structure analysis (SSA) of the second dataset was then conducted to visually detect the interrelated structure of the five factors. These factors suggest that the broad motivations for using English in intercultural interactions match those of foreign language learning. These findings can contribute to both future research designs and ways that relevant parties might promote intercultural interactions toward building intercultural competence.

THE APPLICATION OF NOTE-TAKING STRATEGIES IN LISTENING COMPREHENSION BY LEGAL ENGLISH MAJORS

This study set its goal to detect how each strategy influences students’ listening comprehension when it is applied to their tasks and to find out students’ perceptions of the application of note-taking strategies in different legal English listening tasks. An explanatory mixed methods design involving two instruments, including a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, was conducted. 175 students taking legal English courses completed the questionnaire. After collecting the numeric data, interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 20 participants. The findings provided helpful information regarding how notetaking strategies affect students’ listening comprehension when they are applied to different Legal English tasks. Besides, two recommendations for future studies were proposed, focusing on the variable of proficiency level and the relationship between effective note-taking and task fulfillment.

L2 learners’ challenges in integrated writing tasks: implications for writing teachers and developers of diagnostic assessments

ABSTRACT Integrated writing tasks, which require students to incorporate information from multiple sources into their writing, are gaining attention in language assessment and writing instruction due to their alignment with the expectations of academic and professional writing. Understanding what aspects of integrated tasks are perceived as challenging by L2 students is necessary for informing teaching and assessment of integrated writing. This exploratory study investigated how L2 students approach integrated writing tasks utilising both listening and reading sources, with a focus on the challenges they experience when writing their source-based essays. Employing inductive analysis, this research examined stimulated verbal reports obtained from twelve English language learners. The findings revealed that students’ challenges were primarily related to source use and task fulfilment demands. Students also articulated other challenges related to the organisation and structure of integrated essays as well as the grammatical, lexical, and mechanical citation issues that had emerged while composing essays. The findings have important implications for test developers and L2 writing instructors in developing diagnostic rubrics targeting specific writing features and designing instructional activities.

Eye-Tracking supported design of digital assistance systems for smart factories

Cognitive assistance systems enable people to receive valuable support in their industrial work tasks and can offer the highest flexibility and individualization possibilities. The increasing need for knowledge and its growing importance lead to a great demand for user-centric cognitive assistance systems. In this sense, eye-tracking is a potential technology to provide better insights in Use behavior in the task fulfillment process. The analysis of the data contributes to understand where the person is directing their attention, how long they are looking at certain areas and whether potentially unnecessary distractions exist. In this way, data-based adjustments can be specifically identified to be able to increase reliability and efficiency in the process. EyeTracking is rarely used in the development of assistance systems for the manufacturing industry. The expected benefit and the effort remain unclear. We show what potential it can offer in the development of cognitive assistance systems and present recommendations for its integration in the design process. The results are based on the empirical findings of a manual industrial application of complex quality measurement of battery module housings for electric vehicles.

Lecturers and Students Perceptions on E-learning Implementation: A Case Study in English Education Study Program

E-learning is mostly acknowledged as a type of learning that is facilitated by electronic media typically connected to the internet. It has been continuously promoted as an alternative to adult learners enrolled in higher education, especially during the pandemic outbreak. Upon its implementation, many consider the electronic learning option benefits them, while others argue it raises inconveniences. These opposing views certainly stimulate associated lecturers and learners in English language teaching and learning to give different responses as well. Thus, the exploration of their perceptions towards e-learning implementation is highlighted in this article through a case study carried out at one of the private universities in South Sumatera. The participants were two lecturers and ten students from two different courses. Open-ended questionnaires and interviews were conducted to obtain the data and analysed using thematic analysis. A member checking was done to measure the credibility and control of biases in this study. The findings recapitulate that e-learning was implemented to facilitate three main activities, namely administrative task fulfilment, teaching-learning process, and teaching-learning preparation. Besides, the perceptions from all participants showed that online learning classes generated some benefits and drawbacks.

Topic Familiarity Effects on Performance in Speaking Assessment Tasks

Speaking assessment is believed to be difficult in its expansion and execution. Thus, it is a challenge for teachers in preparing students for speaking tests. This study’s purpose was to identify whether topic familiarity affects speaking performance among students who were preparing to sit for the high-stakes Malaysian University English Test speaking test. The study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the speaking assessment measures and, subsequently, to examine the speaking tests’ item difficulty measures differences according to topic familiarity level. Data were collected from 40 non-native speakers of English among Malaysian Form Six pre-university students who were preparing for their MUET test. The researcher conducted two practice speaking tests, which used retired papers of the MUET CEFR-aligned speaking tests, to the 40 participants who were grouped into 10 speaking test groups. The practice speaking tests were video and audio-recorded. Topic familiarity was measured using self-report questionnaires. In the second phase, each of the seven appointed raters scored all 40 students’ responses in two speaking tests consisting of two speaking tasks assessed across four criteria: task fulfillment, language, communicative ability, and group discussion. Many-facet Rasch measurement results revealed significant differences translating to significant influence of topic familiarity on speaking performance. The present study’s results not only confirmed the significance of topic familiarity in the preparation for speaking assessments, but also highlighted the need for formal teaching on potential topic themes that are commonly encountered in such assessments, particularly those that are at the post-secondary level. These findings imply importance in designing speaking tests taking into account test-taker topic familiarity.

Scale-invariant changes in corticospinal excitability reflect multiplexed oscillations in the motor output.

In the absence of disease, humans produce smooth and accurate movement trajectories. Despite such 'macroscopic' aspect, the 'microscopic' structure of movements reveals recurrent (quasi-rhythmic) discontinuities. To date, it is unclear how the sensorimotor system contributes to the macroscopic and microscopic architecture of movement. Here, we investigated how corticospinal excitability changes in relation to microscopic fluctuations that are naturally embedded within larger macroscopic variations in motor output. Participants performed a visuomotor tracking task. In addition to the 0.25Hz modulation that is required for task fulfilment (macroscopic scale), the motor output shows tiny but systematic fluctuations at ∼2 and 8Hz (microscopic scales). We show that motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during task performance are consistently modulated at all (time) scales. Surprisingly, MEP modulation covers a similar range at both micro- and macroscopic scales, even though the motor output differs by several orders of magnitude. Thus, corticospinal excitability finely maps the multiscale temporal patterning of the motor output, but it does so according to a principle of scale invariance. These results suggest that corticospinal excitability indexes a relatively abstract level of movement encoding that may reflect the hierarchical organisation of sensorimotor processes. KEY POINTS: Motor behaviour is organised on multiple (time)scales. Small but systematic ('microscopic') fluctuations are engrained in larger and slower ('macroscopic') variations in motor output, which are instrumental in deploying the desired motor plan. Corticospinal excitability is modulated in relation to motor fluctuations on both macroscopic and microscopic (time)scales. Corticospinal excitability obeys a principle of scale invariance, that is, it is modulated similarly at all (time)scales, possibly reflecting hierarchical mechanisms that optimise motor encoding.

Exploring the Effects of Collaborative Peer Written Corrective Feedback on EFL Students’ Business English Writing Performance

The paper aims to explore the efficacy of collaborative written corrective feedback (CPWCF) on EFL students’ business English writing performance. The author designed the quasi-experimental research, and deployed class observations, content analyses of English major students’ weekly papers in combination with their pretest and posttest results to understand how CPWCF influences students’ business English writing performance. In addition, he adopted Bandura’s Social Cognitive Learning Theory(1989) as the analytical framework to view the experimental results. The findings indicate that the experimental group students are motivated by giving and receiving CPWCF, and they benefit from giving CPWCF more than receiving it. Moreover, they outperformed those in the controlled group in terms of task fulfillment, organization, vocabulary, and grammar. Regarding the writing process, CPWCF is influenced by different aspects of students’ behavior, their cognitive ability, and the learning environment. In short, CPWCF has led to students’ improved writing performance.

Validity Arguments for Automated Essay Scoring of Young Students’ Writing Traits

ABSTRACT Machines have a long-demonstrated ability to find statistical relationships between qualities of texts and surface-level linguistic indicators of writing. More recently, unlocked by artificial intelligence, the potential of using machines to identify content-related writing trait criteria has been uncovered. This development is significant, especially in formative assessment contexts where feedback is key. Yet the extent to which writing traits can be validly scored by machines remains under-researched, especially in the K-12 context. The present study investigated the validity of machine learning (ML) models designed for students in grades 3–6 to score three writing traits: task fulfillment, organization and coherence, and vocabulary and expression. The study utilized an argument-based approach, focusing on two primary inferences: evaluation and explanation. The evaluation inference investigated human-machine score alignment, the ability for the models to detect off-topic and gibberish responses, and the consistency of human-machine score alignment across grades and language backgrounds. The explanation inference investigated the relevance of features used in the models. Results indicated that human-machine score alignment was sufficient for all writing traits; however, validity concerns were raised regarding the models’ performances detecting off-topic and gibberish responses and the consistency across sub-groups. Implications for language assessment professionals and other educators were discussed.

Between New Responsibility and Daily Routines - The Role of the VERAH in GP Care: A Qualitative Secondary Data Case Study of the Introduction of Software-Based Case Management

The concept of Care Assistant in General Practice (VERAH) was developed in order to integrate non-medical staff more strongly into primary care and thus to meet the increasing demand for care and the simultaneous shortage of medical staff. VERAHs are increasingly responsible for software-supported case management and are thus confronted with new tasks. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the role of the VERAH in primary care practices. The present study is a qualitative secondary data analysis; the data collection took place within the projects VESPEERA and TelePraCMan. Twenty individual interviews and two focus group meetings were conducted with a total of 30 physicians, VERAHs and medical assistants from primary care. The data were analysed qualitatively according to Emerson. Contextual and socio-demographic data were collected with an accompanying questionnaire. The VERAHs of all primary care practices from which interview partners participated performed tasks within software-supported case management. Concerning the role of the VERAH, three themes were identified in the interviews: a) concrete tasks of the VERAH in software-supported case management within the practice team, b) relevance of software-supported case management within the activities of the VERAHS and c) relationship between VERAHs and patients. Taking over tasks in software-supported case management can contribute to strengthening and expanding the role of the VERAH. In the future, more attention should be paid to a clear description of the new role, and the conditions of the VERAHs' task fulfilment should be considered.

POTENTIALS AND GOALS OF MODELS IN STRATEGIC PRODUCT PLANNING AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

AbstractNew trends and technologies in product creation increase complexity, but at the same time create new potentials such as efficiency rise in task processing by Artificial Intelligence. Established models in the early phase of product creation such as the W-model or the Aachener Innovation Management model, do not fully exploit these new potentials in the field of strategic product planning and innovation management (SPPIM). For this reason, existing models are analysed in SPPIM in order to derive a requirements profile consisting of potentials and goals for a new model. A new model in SPPIM lays the foundation to support companies in enabling a more efficient task fulfilment by taking advantage of new technologies and trends. To guide the development of advanced SPPIM models, the derived potentials and goals are applied to the guideline VDI 2220:1980.

The Relationship between Strategic Targets and Measurement: Structuring a Calibration Model of Planning, Measuring, and Implementing Performance Considering Non-financial Factors

Institutions and sub-organizations that manage public funds show differences in many aspects, whether taking into account their tasks, financing, or structure. The difference is even greater when looking at an overview of organizations operating in the competitive sector. However, performance, its measurement and the management of changes based on these are the main characteristics of quality-oriented management. The issue is furtherly complicated by the topic of sustainability and its measurement ability and capacity. For the sake of sustainability, not only business processes but also administrative organizations must strive for excellence today. This is supported by the fact that the functioning of a value-oriented organization, and the development of its processes in accordance with it, can be characterized by a strategic perspective (that is, long-term targeted goals) and a “customer-oriented” approach. It would be too simplistic to assume that by measuring everything adequately and accurately, we can approach the authentic analysis and evaluation of performance, as in the case of a multinational giant, for example, this comprehensive and detailed coverage unnecessarily complicates the measurement system and inevitably leads to obstacles and errors. Based on professional approaches, good performance and the path to achieving it, as well as maintaining the results achieved, can be broken down into parts and, as such, we can strive to improve the whole by optimizing the parts. However, it is also a fact that the improvement of individual parts often contradicts each other, that processes can become dependent or even divergent, so perhaps we can achieve the most if we follow these from multiple dimensions, according to multiple points and principles, and consider the quality of the whole, as a unit, as a superior principle of part optimization. One significant element of this is that management defines and manages conscious action, that is, measures, then defines the expected in relation to reality: plans; directs the change process; measures the results; analyzes the effects; and at the same time places information in a decision-making hierarchy for the functioning and task fulfillment of the organization. This is also characterized by the maintenance of performance and the guarantee of sustainability.
 In the processes of public service institutions, if we want to identify the criteria for expected performance, starting from the social usefulness and the concept of good governance - that is, why it is important to provide tasks in the most convenient and qualitative way - we will get to the importance of good organization management, efficient and efficient operation, quality management, creation of added value, and professional activity. Through the measurement of processes and the management of changes and the sustainability of goals. (In the public sector, performance is interpreted in the 3E or 4E framework, that is, economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and equity give a deep segmentation of performance. ) In the competitive sector, apart from the profit-oriented goal system, performance is determined by the expectations of the market, social, ecological, or political-legal environment, its adaptation, and not only its momentary state but its sustainability. Performance can only be expressed in one or a few specific indicators or parameters in the rarest cases. Even in the most streamlined profile organizations, we are talking about a more complex problem. This study, starting from this thought, shows how performance management, a management tool (usually organizational measurement), its trained and applied model (GAP: Gain Advanced Performance) can be connected in practice, how a set of points represented in a competitive sector and a theoretical model of an administrative organization can be made accessible with what approach, and how this can contribute to the efficiency of organizations in terms of state and shareholder expectations.

The Relationship between Strategic Targets and Measurement: Can We Measure the Unmeasurable?

Institutions and sub-organizations that manage public funds show differences in many aspects, whether taking into account their tasks, financing, or structure. The difference is even greater when looking at an overview of organizations operating in the competitive sector. However, performance, its measurement and the management of changes based on these are the main characteristics of quality-oriented management. The issue is furtherly complicated by the topic of sustainability and its measurement ability and capacity. For the sake of sustainability, not only business processes but also administrative organizations must strive for excellence today. This is supported by the fact that the functioning of a value-oriented organization, and the development of its processes in accordance with it, can be characterized by a strategic perspective (that is, long-term targeted goals) and a “customer-oriented” approach. It would be too simplistic to assume that by measuring everything adequately and accurately, we can approach the authentic analysis and evaluation of performance, as in the case of a multinational giant, for example, this comprehensive and detailed coverage unnecessarily complicates the measurement system and inevitably leads to obstacles and errors. Based on professional approaches, good performance and the path to achieving it, as well as maintaining the results achieved, can be broken down into parts and, as such, we can strive to improve the whole by optimizing the parts. However, it is also a fact that the improvement of individual parts often contradicts each other, that processes can become dependent or even divergent, so perhaps we can achieve the most if we follow these from multiple dimensions, according to multiple points and principles, and consider the quality of the whole, as a unit, as a superior principle of part optimization. One significant element of this is that management defines and manages conscious action, that is, measures, then defines the expected in relation to reality: plans; directs the change process; measures the results; analyzes the effects; and at the same time places information in a decision-making hierarchy for the functioning and task fulfillment of the organization. This is also characterized by the maintenance of performance and the guarantee of sustainability. In the processes of public service institutions, if we want to identify the criteria for expected performance, starting from the social usefulness and the concept of good governance - that is, why it is important to provide tasks in the most convenient and qualitative way - we will get to the importance of good organization management, efficient and efficient operation, quality management, creation of added value, and professional activity. Through the measurement of processes and the management of changes and the sustainability of goals. (In the public sector, performance is interpreted in the 3E or 4E framework, that is, economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and equity give a deep segmentation of performance. ) In the competitive sector, apart from the profit-oriented goal system, performance is determined by the expectations of the market, social, ecological, or political-legal environment, its adaptation, and not only its momentary state but its sustainability. Performance can only be expressed in one or a few specific indicators or parameters in the rarest cases. Even in the most streamlined profile organizations, we are talking about a more complex problem. This study, starting from this thought, shows how performance management, a management tool (usually organizational measurement), its trained and applied model (GAP: Gain Advanced Performance) can be connected in practice, how a set of points represented in a competitive sector and a theoretical model of an administrative organization can be made accessible with what approach, and how this can contribute to the efficiency of organizations in terms of state and shareholder expectations.

The Relationship between Strategic Targets and Measurement: Can We Measure the Unmeasurable?

Institutions and sub-organizations that manage public funds show differences in many aspects, whether taking into account their tasks, financing, or structure. The difference is even greater when looking at an overview of organizations operating in the competitive sector. However, performance, its measurement and the management of changes based on these are the main characteristics of quality-oriented management. The issue is furtherly complicated by the topic of sustainability and its measurement ability and capacity. For the sake of sustainability, not only business processes but also administrative organizations must strive for excellence today. This is supported by the fact that the functioning of a value-oriented organization, and the development of its processes in accordance with it, can be characterized by a strategic perspective (that is, long-term targeted goals) and a “customer-oriented” approach. It would be too simplistic to assume that by measuring everything adequately and accurately, we can approach the authentic analysis and evaluation of performance, as in the case of a multinational giant, for example, this comprehensive and detailed coverage unnecessarily complicates the measurement system and inevitably leads to obstacles and errors. Based on professional approaches, good performance and the path to achieving it, as well as maintaining the results achieved, can be broken down into parts and, as such, we can strive to improve the whole by optimizing the parts. However, it is also a fact that the improvement of individual parts often contradicts each other, that processes can become dependent or even divergent, so perhaps we can achieve the most if we follow these from multiple dimensions, according to multiple points and principles, and consider the quality of the whole, as a unit, as a superior principle of part optimization. One significant element of this is that management defines and manages conscious action, that is, measures, then defines the expected in relation to reality: plans; directs the change process; measures the results; analyzes the effects; and at the same time places information in a decision-making hierarchy for the functioning and task fulfillment of the organization. This is also characterized by the maintenance of performance and the guarantee of sustainability. In the processes of public service institutions, if we want to identify the criteria for expected performance, starting from the social usefulness and the concept of good governance - that is, why it is important to provide tasks in the most convenient and qualitative way - we will get to the importance of good organization management, efficient and efficient operation, quality management, creation of added value, and professional activity. Through the measurement of processes and the management of changes and the sustainability of goals. (In the public sector, performance is interpreted in the 3E or 4E framework, that is, economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and equity give a deep segmentation of performance. ) In the competitive sector, apart from the profit-oriented goal system, performance is determined by the expectations of the market, social, ecological, or political-legal environment, its adaptation, and not only its momentary state but its sustainability. Performance can only be expressed in one or a few specific indicators or parameters in the rarest cases. Even in the most streamlined profile organizations, we are talking about a more complex problem. This study, starting from this thought, shows how performance management, a management tool (usually organizational measurement), its trained and applied model (GAP: Gain Advanced Performance) can be connected in practice, how a set of points represented in a competitive sector and a theoretical model of an administrative organization can be made accessible with what approach, and how this can contribute to the efficiency of organizations in terms of state and shareholder expectations.