Task Of Government Research Articles

Enhancement of Composting Methods in Solid Waste Management

The most pressing problem faced by any city center in India nowadays is Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). Rapid urbanization and converting life have caused the era of massive amounts of garbage and waste within the city regions, so much so, over the last few years, just the managing this Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has assumed the share of a primary organizational, economic and environmental task. Despite MSWM being a chief task of the local governments, normally accounting for a massive part of the municipal budget - about 20% to 50%, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBS) are not able to offer effective services. Most of the ULBs do now not even have dependable MSW generation estimates. Unfortunate fallout of rapid urbanization without good enough infrastructure backup is that during all Indian cities/cities, disposal of waste is carried out indiscriminately, main to stray animal menace, clogged drains and unfold of diseases. The procedure of collection, transportation, and disposal of MSW is not complete in a maximum of the towns/cities with rubbish thousands final unattended till the severity reaches unmanageable proportions. Also, the high organic content material of Indian MSW, compounded through the recent, and humid tropical weather results in the rapid decomposition of the uncollected waste and is an ever-present health risk. Municipal waste that is improperly disposed of has a severe and dangerous effect on a wide range of areas. Along with waste discarded close to rivers, lakes, and streams, trash dumped in the street or in open areas poses a threat to public health. Delivers contaminated water. When the trash is burned outside instead of being properly disposed of, pollutants are produced and hazardous gases are released into the atmosphere. Throwing no biodegradable items down open drains causes them to enter the sewer system, blocking pipes and harming the infrastructure. The risks associated with the disposal of untreated medical and commercial waste are increased by the release of pathogens and poisonous substances, which represent a serious threat not only to human life but also to that of plants and animals. The effects of trash thrown in the area go beyond just being an eyesore; entire landscapes are destroyed, and certain habitats for flora and fauna are lost. All of these issues are commonplace in India, where tremendous portions of strong waste remain uncollected within the streets, along side primary roads, in empty plots of land, on downhill slopes, and in illegal dumps.

The cultural diversity and task of Pyeongtaek

평택에서는 한국전쟁 당시부터 지역에 자리 잡은 기지촌 여성과 피난민, 수몰 이주민 집단이 있다. 현재는 주한미군기지가 통합되면서 그에 따른 미군과 미군의 가족, 도농복합도시의 특성을 반영하는 고령자와 결혼이주여성, 많은 개발 사업으로 인한 외국인 노동자, 신도시 조성으로 인한 구도심 속 원주민, 북한이탈주민, 장애인, 1인 가구 등 다양한 특징을 가진 집단이 문화다양성의 대상으로 주목된다. 이 논문에서는 평택의 이러한 지역적 특성과 함께 지역을 구성하고 있는 주체들을 살펴보고 지역의 특성을 살린 문화다양성 정책으로 문화 브리콜라주(Bricolage)를 제안했다. 각각의 개성을 충분히 살리면서도 하나로 연대해 자신들의 역할을 해낼 수 있는 문화 브리콜라주는 평택만의 문화다양성 모델이 될 수 있을 것이며 이를 바탕으로 한 민·관·학의 역할과 과제는 무엇보다 중요하다고 생각된다.Pyeongtaek has been living in the base village women, refugees, and flooded migrants since the Korean War. Currently, as the USFK base is integrated, the group with various characteristics such as the family of USFK and USFK, the elderly and married immigrant women reflecting the characteristics of the urban and rural complex city, foreign workers due to many development projects, Aboriginal people in the old city due to the creation of new cities, North Korean defectors, disabled people, and single-person households are attracting attention as the objects of cultural diversity. This paper examines the local characteristics of Pyeongtaek and those who make up the area, and proposes a cultural bricolage as a cultural diversity policy that utilizes the characteristics of the area. The cultural bricolage, which can play their role in solidarity while making full use of each personality, can be a cultural diversity model of Pyeongtaek, and the role and tasks of civil, government and Academia based on this are considered to be more important than anything else.

지역 민간 주택공급자 활성화 방안

Currently, the Yoon Seok-yeol government has presented four tasks: ① expanding housing supply, realizing housing stability through market function recovery, ② normalizing the real estate tax system for stable housing, ③ improving the housing finance system for stable housing, and ④ supporting strong housing welfare in the 110 state projects announced on May 3. As can be seen from the 110th task, the new government puts real estate stability through the expansion of housing supply as its first task, while emphasizing regulatory innovation as one of the biggest tasks of the new government, stressing that "all ministries will actively rationalize regulations to maximize private capabilities and function properly." In the end, the new government is expected to ease regulations such as improving the three rental laws, easing the comprehensive real estate tax and capital gains tax system for multiple homeowners, and streamlining loan regulations to implement the top task of expanding housing supply. Therefore, this study intends to present a plan to expand housing supply led by the private sector and revitalize housing suppliers through an overview of the laws and policies related to housing supply.

ANALYSIS OF THE TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN PEGAWAI-TPP (ADDITIONAL EMPLOYEE INCOME) ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY OF BANJARMASIN

One of the government's tasks is to provide fair and decent salaries and ensure the welfare of civil servants. In addition to salaries, civil servants are given allowances and other facilities based on statutory regulations. The provision of additional employee income to employee performance within the Banjarmasin City Government is expected to improve performance and employee productivity, and improve employee welfare. The purpose of this study was to determine the provision of additional employee income to improve employee performance and the factors that support and inhibit this policy. The research approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. To explore information on the provision of additional employee income, the authors determine informants, including the Mayor of Banjarmasin, the Regional Secretary of the City of Banjarmasin, and the Pokja Team for Providing Additional Employee Income at the Banjarmasin City Government and employees within the Banjarmasin city government. The results of this study indicate that the provision of additional employee income within the Banjarmasin City Government has increased employee performance and productivity and obtained the factors that support and hinder this policy based on performance indicators according to Dwiyanto (2006) namely: Productivity, Service Quality, Responsiveness, Responsibility, and Accountability. The five performance indicators have improved and affected employee performance by providing additional income.

Shaping Mental Health Reform - Key Tasks for an Incoming Government.

To describe a recent process by which mental health service sector leaders identified key elements of strategic, systemic and structural mental health reform. These elements could guide an incoming Federal government. The paper describes the process undertaken by the Sydney Mental Health Policy Forum between 2019 and 2022. This work generated principles, key domains and finally a set of actions. Five immediate actions were identified that are cost neutral or require minimal investment. Five further actions requiring realignment of existing funds and/or new funds were also identified. The task of mental health reform in Australia is both large and overdue. Continued investment in fragmented or piecemeal programmes and services will not propel desired change. Reform must facilitate new regional control of planning, funding and responding to community mental health needs. The actions identified by the Forum set out a menu of opportunities to guide reform over the life of the next Parliament, starting now.

LOAFING: A CASE OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ISSUE

Employees are expected to be at work on time and perform their tasks to be productive. Otherwise, it is a performance issue, unauthorized absenteeism, or loafing. It is not only prevalent in private entities but also in government agencies. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) in the Philippine context is a government agency that discouraged loafing during work hours and limits the use of official time for non-related government tasks. The study utilized an observational research technique using a single case method where the participant was closely observed in the most natural settings in the workplace. The study investigates the performance of the employee and shows solutions to how the management addressed the issue. This case study presents an instance wherein an employee was reported by his co-employee (an informant) who committed loafing or frequent unauthorized absences from duty during office hours. Three alternative solutions are offered. First, refer the case to the Human Resource Management Officer who is a trained adjudicator, mediator, and conciliator. Second, determine the root cause of the problem and suggest an alternative course of action; and third, instead of imposing a harsh penalty of suspension or dismissal as the case may be, it would be appropriate for the management to subject the problem employee to an intervention program. There is a need to act with compassion and justice to ensure no repetitive action that may happen in the future.

THE CONCEPT OF "MUNICIPAL MAN": MODIFICATION IN THE LIGHT OF MARTIME

The article considers the practical aspects of the implementation of the concept of "municipal man" (homo municipalis) in the legislation on local self-government and in the practice of local self-government bodies of the country, as well as its modifications in light of martial law.
 It turns out that the concept of "municipal man" (homo municipalis), and, both in peacetime and in martial law and the actual conduct of hostilities has great methodological and praxeological potential for building and developing territorial human communities and improving the use of local government in a democratic state governed by the rule of law. It is, on the one hand, a harbinger of the formation and improvement of legal personality of each resident member of the local community, and on the other – a fundamental task of local government, carried out by local governments on behalf and in the interests of the local community.
 A systematic analysis of the relevant legislative array shows that the current modern military legislation of Ukraine is characterized not only by complete disregard for the goals and objectives of local self-government during martial law, but also by neutralizing or significantly reducing the powers of local governments – moreover, replacing the main entity exercise of such powers (they are transferred from local governments to territorial military administrations), which, in essence, disintegrates the concept of "municipal man" and its implementation in the practice of local governments.
 It is stated that the realities of today, as well as the important organizational, regulatory and managerial role of local governments within the territorial community in martial law determine changes in the position of the legislator to restore proper legal personality of local governments in the context of returning some powers to elected local actors. self-government, which marks the recognition and return to the concept of "municipal man" and its application in lawmaking and lawmaking.

LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE NEUTRALITY VIOLATION OF THE STATE CIVIL APPARATUS (ASN) IN SIMULTANEOUS REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS (CASE STUDY IN SRAGEN REGENCY)

<p><em>The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) role is crucial to carry out government affairs within the framework of achieving national goals. In carrying out these duties as a state apparatus, they must provide services to the community in a professional, honest, fair, and equitable manner in carrying out state, government, and development tasks.</em><em> ASN must be neutral from the influence of all political groups and parties and not discriminate in providing services to the community. In 2015, Sragen Regency participated in celebrating the democratic party, namely the simultaneous election of regional heads and deputy regional heads on December 9, 2015. The Panwaslu (Election Supervisory Committee) of Sragen Regency found and received reports that many ASNs were not neutral. The Panwaslu report reached KASN, and several cases were left without follow-up handling and seemed to evaporate. This study uses qualitative research methods to obtain facts regarding the problem of ASN neutrality in the Sragen Regency in the 2015 simultaneous regional elections. The unit of analysis in this research is the Panwaslu of Sragen Regency and the Education and Training Personnel Agency (BKPP) of Sragen Regency. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and documentation to complete the data in this study. ASN violations occurred before the campaign period and during the campaign period. The number of ASN is not neutral by attending campaigns, other stage activities, and providing campaign materials using state facilities such as office buildings and ASN official vehicles. Of course, the involvement and alignment of ASN in the 2015 Regional Head Elections is due to the incumbent candidate. The Sragen Regency Government, namely the Sragen Regent, should give sanctions or disciplinary punishments to ASN who are not neutral in following the existing laws and regulations. The Sragen Regent should be more firm in responding to this non-neutral ASN case. Legal arrangements are needed to handle ASN Neutrality violations in the General Election and Simultaneous Regional Head Elections.</em></p>

고등교육재정에 대한 새 정부의 과제

The purpose of this study is to propose a new government task on higher education finance. For the study, related literature, financial data, and media reports were analyzed.
 The results are as follows: First, the cost per student in the higher education stage is lower than in OECD countries, and even lower than the elementary level. Despite the increase in the higher education budget over the past decade, the government's financial investment has been mainly on the National Scholarship and universities' tuition income has been effectively decreasing. Second, as a result of evaluating the 10-year basic plan for higher education financial investment, it was analyzed that the government's overall fiscal investment in higher education was quite close to the original target. However, most indicators failed to achieve their goals as the method of financing was achieved through restructuring of existing budgets. Finally, as a plan to expand higher education finances, it was proposed to improve the legal suitability of tuition policies and to prepare a legal basis for stable securing higher education finances.
 Despite the inadequate level of financial investment in higher education, discussions on higher education finances have mainly focused on the allocation issues, and practical efforts have been insufficient to expand the size of finance itself. According to the 2021-2025 National Financial Management Plan, the government's investment in higher education is unlikely to be improved. Based on the results of the 10-year basic plan for higher education, the government needs to set specific level of financial investment goals in the basic plan for higher education and implement stable higher education finances with a legal foundation beyond securing restructuring levels.

Implementation of the National Civil Apparatus Competency Policy Strategy in Sinjai Regency

Competency development is an effort to increase knowledge, skills, abilities and thinking maturity which is automatically accompanied by changes in morals and behavior in carrying out government and development tasks, one of which is through education and training programs. This study aims to determine the Implementation of the Competency Development Policy Strategy of the National Civil Apparatus in Sinjai Regency. This type of research is qualitative. Data collection techniques used are interview, observation and documentation methods. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display and data verification. The results of this study indicate that the Implementation of Competency Development Policy Strategies for National Civil Apparatus in Sinjai Regency. One of the obstacles lies in the ability of regional finances to conduct competency tests at all levels in national civil apparatus. Meanwhile, one of the supporting factors is the enthusiasm of the employees in improving competence through education and training.

Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Aparat Pemerintah Desa di Desa Tenri Pakkua Kecamatan Lappariaja Kabupaten Bone

This paper aims to determine the leadership style of the village head. The research method used is a qualitative approach, which is to describe the phenomena that occur in the community towards leadership styles to encourage increased performance of village officials. The results showed that basically the village head in improving the performance of his apparatus used a charismatic leadership style, liazez faire and democracy in motivating his apparatus to work better. However, in its application, it is more dominant to use a democratic leadership style to encourage village officials to be more motivated in carrying out village government tasks. This can be proven by using an example (role model), namely a leader who becomes a role model and can set an example, is positive and optimistic about realizing (vision & mission), a leader who is able to meet the needs of his subordinates in carrying out village government tasks. Furthermore, in the aspect of alignment (discipline) that is being able to work together, synergize with each other in aligning the entire organizational system and empowerment (passion), a leader must be able to create a good work environment so that the organization can run well to achieve effective and efficient goals

Fenomenologi penerapan 3M (Mencuci tangan, Memakai masker dan Menjaga jarak) santri di Pondok Pesantren Darul ‘Ulum Jombang

WHO has officially declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Islamic boarding schools are one of the arrangements that need to be implemented to prevent the spread of Covid-19. There are 9,369 students at the Darul 'Ulum Jombang Islamic Boarding School that have the potential to spread Covid-19 infections. Efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 were carried out by implementing 3M in accordance with the appeal of the government task force. The purpose of the study was to find out the phenomenon of the application of 3M (Washing hands, wearing masks and maintaining distance) of students at the Darul 'Ulum Islamic Boarding School Jombang. The research design used is qualitative research with descriptive phenomenological methods. The social situation is all students of the XV Al-Falah dormitory and the IV I Ainusyams dormitory. The participants were 6 students using purposive sampling technique. researchers as an instrument using interview guidelines, data collection using in-depth interview techniques. Data analysis using the Colaizzi method. The results of the study obtained 5 themes 1) Knowledge level 2) Breaking the rules 3) Confidence 4) Support from hostel caregivers and 5) Obeying the rules. Santri can implement 3M because they have knowledge, there is support from hostel caregivers who provide facilities and infrastructure, strict regulations and supervision make students have self-awareness. The reason students don't do 3M is because they are influenced by friends, the belief that not doing 3M makes them sick and the belief that doing 3M or not can make you sick if God wills.

Uzurpacija imovine vakufa džamije Azizije u Brezovom polju i džamije u Omerbegovači u srezu Brčko, nakon Drugog svjetskog rata

Immediately after the Second World War, the new communist government implemented harsh-radical measures aimed at changing ownership relations. Thus, the property of „enemies of the state“, emigrated Germans, private companies and banks, and the property of religious communities were hit. The property of the Catholic Church and the Islamic Community was particularly affected. In order to usurp the property of these institutions, the new communist government passed a set of regulations, such as those related to confiscation of property, nationalization, expropriation, and numerous other processes, such as agrarian reform and colonization. The adopted regulations gave the state the legitimacy to change the ownership of the property. These were complex processes, which left numerous consequences in the field of economic, social, legal and other areas, both for certain institutions and individuals. In this way, the new communist government wanted at all costs to disable the institutions it considered hostile, such as religious communities, and to settle those who contributed to the People's Liberation Movement and who supported their ideology. The aspirations of the communist authorities went in the direction of changing social and property relations and creating a new society, based on a new ideology. The Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina had significant waqf property, which contained numerous residential, business and office buildings, as well as significant land holdings. In the wider area of Brčko, the Islamic Community owned significant waqf property. Although it was a property that was protected from the aspect of religious (Sharia) law, in terms of any change of ownership, it came under the impact of the measures of the communist government. In the area of Brčko, the usurpation of the property of the Islamic Community began immediately after the establishment of the communist government and lasted until the 1990s and the establishment of the multi-party system. In the wider area of Brčko, property was confiscated from the Islamic Community through nationalization, confiscation, expropriation, arondation, and other measures adopted by the communist authorities. The same was done with the property of the waqf of Azizija mosque in Brezovo Polje and the waqf of the mosque in Omerbegovača in the Brčko district. This was a strong blow to the Islamic Community, which subsequently weakened economically, and within the Islamic Community ceased to exist many institutions and facilities that have been the bearers of the overall activities of these institutions for decades. Among other things, madrasas were abolished, a significant number of mektebs were closed, the charity „Merhamet“ ceased to operate, and many other important functions of the Islamic Community were completely or partially endangered. The goal was to weaken the property economically and confiscate the influence of the Islamic Community on society, in order to carry out its atheism, which was one of the important tasks of the new communist government. We will see the consequences of such actions on the example of the usurpation of the property of the waqf of Azizija mosque in Brezovo Polje and the waqf of the mosque in Omerbegovača in the Brčko district, immediately after the Second World War.

Impact of foreign direct investment on economy, environment, technology, productivity and energy of the countries

In today's world, attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the essential tasks of governments. But what effect will the absorption of Foreign Direct Investment have on that society? Based on the review of 18 articles, the researcher has categorized these effects into the following 5 factors. These factors belong to Economy, Environment, Technology, Productivity, and Energy. Following the results of previous studies, the impacts of the five factors mentioned on communities in the effect of FDI are reviewed. The Boolean search methodology is chosen as the methodology, also the finding of the researcher is mentioned in the paragraphs below. FDI not only aids in the development of this industry, but it also has a substantial impact on the micro and macro levels. FDI has a favorable impact on the growth rate of per capita GDP. In addition, the African continent saw significant economic expansion. The impact of financial systems may explain why developing-country correlations are low while developed-country saving-investment correlations are strong. the impact of GDP and energy usage on Carbon dioxide emissions are significant, whereas the impact of FDI on Carbon dioxide emissions is positive but minor. Industrial SO2 emissions will increase by 0.098 percent for every 1% growth in FDI capital stock. FDI rising emissions in middle-income countries in the near term while reduces them in high-income nations. FDI from TMH areas has a substantial beneficial influence on the productivity of the wood products industry at the industrial level. On energy consumption, FDI revealed a negative scale impact, a structural effect, and a positive technical impact. In the end, the impact of foreign direct investment on worker productivity is positive. The researcher recommends that politicians make every effort to improve their country's political and judicial conditions to attract more FDI to their countries.

Iceland: Political Developments and Data in 2021

AbstractIcelandic politics in 2021 were strongly dominated by two features: the ongoing struggle with Covid‐19 and the parliamentary election which took place on 25 September. Covid‐19 was in many ways the primary task of government throughout the year and, while criticism of various restrictions of personal freedoms grew louder as the year wore on, the situation remained relatively calm compared to most other countries. The parliamentary election was to a certain extent overshadowed by the pandemic crisis and the opposition parties in particular had a difficult time of finding a clear voice in a situation where expert rule was the norm and by far the most prominent part of the government agenda. After four years in power, the three‐way coalition of the Left‐Greens, Independence Party and Progressive Party was re‐elected in September, signalling a continuation of the partial return to stability which its formation in 2017 had signalled.

Changing a leopard's spots or how people spot leopards? Managing human – leopard interactions in urban India

Human–wildlife interactions are an everyday reality in India. Managing any potential human–wildlife conflict is one of the most important tasks of the Indian government. As urban construction grows exponentially, many cities have come closer to forested areas and increased sightings of wildlife. Mumbai is located close to Sanjay Gandhi National Park, a 120 square kilometre wildlife zone which is home to approximately 40 leopards. Over the years, there have been sporadic incidents of human – leopard conflicts and a few humans have died in fatal leopard attacks. This case study follows a hypothetical Chief Wildlife Warden in Mumbai as a decision maker who must make a decision regarding leopard sightings after a spate of leopard attacks in the city earlier in the year. By providing detailed information and data regarding leopard population management as well as the cultural milieu and political context of Mumbai, the case study provides information required to advise the decision maker on their options.

An Approach for Prediction of Weekly Prices of Green Chili in Sri Lanka: Application of Artificial Neural Network Techniques

Purpose: Predicting the prices of crops is a principal task for producers, suppliers, governments and international businesses. The purpose of the study is to forecast the prices of green chili, which is a cash crop in Sri Lanka. Artificial neural networks were applied as they help to extract important insights from the bulk of data with a scientific approach. Research Method: The Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN), Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm and FFNN with Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm were employed on weekly average retail prices of green chili in Sri Lanka from the 1st week of January 2011 to the 4th week of December 2018. The performance of models was evaluated through the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE). Findings: Among the three methods implemented, the FFNN model using the LM algorithm exhibited the highest accuracy with a minimum MSE of 0.0033, MAE of 0.0437 and NMSE of 0.2542. The model built using the SCG algorithm fitted data with a minimum MSE of 0.0033, MAE of 0.0458 and NMSE of 0.2549. Among the fitted TDNN models, the model with 8 input delays were a better model with an MSE of 0.0036, MAE of 0.0470 and NMSE of 0.3221. FFNNs outperformed TDNN in forecasting green chili prices of Sri Lanka. Originality/ Value: The neural network approach in forecasting the prices of green chili provides more accurate results to make decisions based on the trends and to identify future opportunities

Legal Issues in the Government's Real Estate Tax Policy and Tasks for Improvement

부동산은 인간 생존에 필요한 가장 기본이자 핵심요소지만 다른 생산수단과 달리 무한정 생산할 수 없는 근원적 한계가 있으며, 다른 생산수단과 달리 제한적 공간을 전제로 한다는 특성이 있다. 이에 헌법재판소도 이러한 부동산의 고유한 특성을 이유로 위헌심사시 부동산 재산권에 대한 제한 가능성의 무게를 다른 일반 재산권과 달리 판단하고 있고, 그 일환으로 국가의 부동산 과세권 행사와 관련해서도 대체로 합헌적 입장을 견지하고 있다. 최근 부동산 가격 급등으로 부동산 시장이 제 기능을 다하지 못하자, 정부는 부동산담보 대출 규제, 양도소득세와 종합부동산세 등 부동산 세제 강화 등 다양한 대책을 추진한 바 있다. 특히 다주택자를 대상으로 종부세와 양도소득세를 중과세하여 부동산 투기를 억제하려는데 집중하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 정부의 정책으로 부동산조세 등 관련 제도가 너무 자주 바뀌고, 그 정도가 과하여 납세자로 하여금 예측가능성을 잃게 하거나 개인 사유재산에 수인하기 어려운 심각한 피해가 발생하여서는 곤란하다. 강력한 과세정책은 그 목적에 맞게 최후 수단으로써 비례원칙을 지켜야 할 것이며, 일반 국민이 자신이 내야 할 세금에 대해 충분히 사전 예측할 수 있도록 하고, 전혀 예기치 못하거나 의도하지 않은 사유로 (중)과세되는 문제가 발생하지 않도록 해야 한다. 구체적 방안으로 양도소득세 부과기준을 투기거래와 일반거래로 구분할 필요가 있으며, 양도 차익이 일정 금액 이상을 넘어서는 고액의 경우 하나의 세율로 단일화 할 필요가 있다. 또한, 지금과 같이 짧은 기간에 부동산 가격이 폭등한 상황에서는 양도소득세를 일시 완화하여 거래가 활성화 되도록 할 필요가 있으며, 거기에 더하여 양도소득세와 종부세(보유세) 계산시 장기보유특별공제도 확대할 필요가 있다. 나아가 2주택자 이상이라 하더라도 상속이나 주말 부부(직장 문제) 등의 경우와 같이 투기 목적이 아닌 불가항력으로 2주택자가 된 경우 등은 다양한 입법적, 행정적, 사법적 조치를 통해 구제할 필요가 있다.Real estate is the most basic and key element necessary for human survival, but unlike other means of production, it has a fundamental limit that cannot be produced indefinitely. Also, unlike other means of production, real estate has a unique characteristic that it requires limited space. The Constitutional Court also judges the weight of the possibility of limiting real estate property rights differently from other general property rights when examining the constitutionality of real estate for reasons such as the uniqueness of real estate. there is. As the real estate market failed to function properly due to the recent sharp rise in real estate prices and a decrease in real demand and a sharp increase in speculative demand, the government implemented various measures such as regulation on mortgage-backed loans, and strengthening of real estate taxes such as capital gains tax and comprehensive real estate tax. there is. In particular, it is concentrating on suppressing real estate speculation by heavy taxation of capital gains tax and capital gains tax for multi-family homeowners. However, it is difficult for the real estate tax-related system to change too frequently due to these various policies, and to cause taxpayers to lose predictability or to cause serious damage that is difficult to bear on private property. In other words, it will be said that maintaining and strengthening the current heavy taxation policy is not a good thing. In the end, a strong taxation policy will have to follow the proportionality principle as a last resort for its purpose, allow the general public to sufficiently predict the amount of tax they will have to pay in advance, and (heavy) taxation for unexpected or unintentional reasons. Care must be taken not to cause any problems. Specifically, it is necessary to separate the taxation criteria for capital gains tax into speculative transactions and general transactions, and in the case of large capital gains exceeding a certain amount, it is necessary to unify the tax rate into one. In addition, in a situation where real estate prices soared in such a short period of time, it is necessary to temporarily ease the capital gains tax so that transactions can be activated. there is Furthermore, even if there are more than two homeowners, it is necessary to take relief through legislative measures in cases where the person becomes a second homeowner due to force majeure, not for speculative purposes, such as inheritance.

EVALUASI TUGAS CAMAT DALAM MELAKUKAN PEMBINAAN PEMERINTAHAN DESA DI KECAMATAN LUBUK BATU JAYA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR

The research objective was to determine the results of the camat's assignment in fostering village governance in Lubuk Batu Jaya Subdistrict, Indragiri Hulu Regency. This is to find out the obstacles to the task of the sub-district head in fostering village governance in Lubuk Batu Jaya Subdistrict, Indragiri Hulu Regency. This type of descriptive research uses a quantitative approach with a population of 23 people, community leaders, village heads and camat office employees. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, questionnaires, documentation and observation, all data collected were grouped by type and analyzed descriptively and conclusions could be drawn from the research results. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the evaluation of the sub-district head's duties in conducting Village Government Development in Lubuk Batu Jaya District, Indragiri Hulu Regency was in the quite good category, due to the five research indicators, namely providing guidance, giving direction, providing education and training, giving instructions and literature or the manual has been implemented. The inhibiting factor for the guidance carried out by the sub-district head to the village government is that the guidance carried out by the sub-district head has not been carried out routinely, the direction is given to the sub-district head only if the village apparatus experiences problems in the work process, and the sub-district head does not provide education and training every month, the sub-district head only provides guidance if he receives a report. village government task constraints.

Policy regulation test according to government administration regulations

The policy regulation itself is one of the government instruments, tools, or facilities used by the government or state administration officials to carry out government tasks. This policy regulation is a consequence of the welfare law state, which imposes a complete task to achieve people's welfare following the welfare state's goals. However, in its development, the policy regulations that were initially intended and needed to carry out government duties cannot be separated from the conflict with other legal norms and other legal problems.