Task And Ego Orientation In Sport Questionnaire Research Articles

Motivational Orientation, Boredom and Fun in Physical Education: The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem and Motor Self-Efficacy.

Adolescents who enjoy physical education (PE) classes are more likely to be active during out-of-school hours. Similarly, achievement goal theory suggests that task-oriented motivation is associated with higher levels of reported fun during PE classes. In contrast, ego-oriented motivation has been related to boredom in class, but some self-perceptions (e.g., self-esteem or motoric self-efficacy) may modify this relationship and are important for physical activity. Our aim in this paper was to analyze the relationships between motivational orientation and fun and boredom in PE classes by assessing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy. We surveyed 478 teenagers between 13 and 18years of age (M = 14.57; SD = 1.15) with the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Scale (SSI-EF). We used a structural equation model to evaluate relationships between these variables of interest. We found a positive relationship between ego orientation and boredom and between task orientation and fun; and we found a negative relationship between task orientation and boredom in PE classes. Importantly, we observed indirect effects from self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy in the relationships between motivational orientation and boredom and fun in PE. These results highlight the importance of students' motivational orientations in PE classes and illustrate that self-perception of self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy can mediate these relationships.

Hope for success as a mediator between Big Five personality traits and achievement goal orientation among high performance and recreational athletes.

The main objective of this study was to determine whether hope for success mediates the relationship between personality and goal orientation in high performance and recreational athletes. The cross-sectional study included 289 high performance and recreational athletes of various sports (age: M = 20.34, SD = 1.86). To examine personality, we used the Big Five IPIP-BFM-20 questionnaire. To assess hope for success, we used the Hope for Success Questionnaire. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) was employed to examine goal orientation. Hope for success significantly mediates the relationships between conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional stability, intellect, and task goal orientation in sport. Higher levels of these personality traits are related to athletes' higher hope for success, which, in turn, is positively related to their task orientation. Personality traits may underpin the hope for success that develops from childhood. This, in turn, appears to be an important component on which, combined with the positive interaction and support from coaches, a task goal orientation beneficial to sport can be shaped in athletes.

Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Sports Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2).

The main aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Sports Anxiety scale-2 (SAS-2). The study covered 396 athletes, ages ranging from 18 years to 35 years. The task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used for validation of the scale. Cronbach's alpha for the somatic anxiety subscale was 0.88, for the worry subscale was 0.95, and for the concentration disruption was 0.86, respectively. The three-factor model and hierarchical model fits perfectly as CFI > 0.95, TLI > 0.95, and RMSEA < 0.08. Satisfactory results in measurement invariance show the use of the tool for any gender or athlete (high-performance, recreational) group. The internal consistency (α = 0.86-0.95) and the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.90) were satisfactory. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between task orientation and total anxiety along with its three subscales, and a weak positive correlation between ego orientation and worry subscale. Meanwhile, a weak to moderate positive correlation was exhibited between total anxiety and its subscales with the STAI-T and STAI-S. Additionally, female, recreational, and female recreational athletes' groups had weak negative associations between worry and concentration disruption trait anxiety and task orientation, and a weak positive association between somatic anxiety and ego orientation.

Happiness Levels and Goal Orientations of Athletes Engaged in Individual and Team Sports

The purpose of the research is to designate the relationship between happiness levels and goal orientation levels of the athletes who do individual and team sports. In this study, relational scanning model, one of the general scanning model, has been used. The research group consisted of 238 athletes who engaged individual sports and 376 athletes who engaged team sports selected by random sampling method. In the research, Happiness Scale (HS) developed by Demirci and Eksi (2018), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) developed by Duda (1989) and adapted to Turkish culture by Toros (2004), Personal Information Form developed by the researchers to collect personal information have been used. In the analysis of the data; t test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test, Tukey HSD test, Tamhane's T2 test and pearson coefficient of correlation have been applied. When the research results are examined, it was specified that there was a meaningful weak relationship between happiness level of individual sports athletes and their goal, task and ego orientation, that there was meaningful moderate relationship between goal, task and ego orientation, and that there was a meaningful very high level relationship between task and ego orientation. It was stated that there was meaningful weak relationship between happiness level and task and ego orientation of the athletes who engaged team sports, that there was a very weak relationship between the goal and ego orientation, that there was a meaningful weak level of relationship between the goal, task and ego orientation, and that there was a very high level of relationship between task and ego orientation.

Validation of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) among Polish athletes and the relationship between anxiety and goal orientation in sport

This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2, as well as to determine the relationship between anxiety and goal orientation among high-performance and recreational athletes. A total of 519 athletes aged M = 22.83 (SD = 4.92) participated in the study, including 266 males and 253 females. 242 athletes trained professionally and 277 recreationally. The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) was used to assess anxiety levels, while the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) enabled to assess athletes’ goal orientation. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the model to the data for the Polish version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (CFI = 0.945, RMSEA = 0.072). The models obtained during analysis of high-performance and recreational athletes, women and men, also presented a satisfactory fit to the data (CFI 0.932–0.946). The configural, metric, scalar and strict measurement invariances were demonstrated for high-performance and recreational athletes as well as among women and men. High internal consistency coefficients (alpha 0.81–0.91) and a high test–retest reliability indexes were reported (ICC 0.74–0.87). Women presented higher level of competitive anxiety than men. A positive relationship between competitive anxiety and athletes’ ego orientation was also presented. This relationship concerned particularly women practicing sport recreationally.

The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire adapted for youth with intellectual disabilities (TEOSQ-ID)

The objective of the present study was to validate a version of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) adapted for youth with intellectual disabilities (ID). A sample of 362 youth with mild to moderate ID (61.0% boys, M = 15.80 years) from Australia (N = 240) and Canada (N = 122) respectively completed English and French versions of the TEOSQ-ID twice over a one-year interval. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the validity and reliability of the a priori two-factor structure of the TEOSQ-ID, as well as the weak, strict, and latent variance-covariance invariance of this factor structure across linguistic versions. The results also supported the strong invariance of a majority of the TEOSQ-ID items across linguistic versions, and revealed latent mean differences showing that English-Australian youth tended to score lower on the TEOSQ-ID factors than French-Canadian respondents. The results also supported the measurement invariance of the TEOSQ-ID over time, and revealed a lack of differential item functioning (i.e., measurement bias) as a function of youth’s age, body-mass index, ID level, sex, and frequency of sport involvement. Meaningful latent mean level differences were observed on the TEOSQ-ID factors in relation to body-mass index, ID level, and frequency of sport involvement. Finally, our results supported the convergent validity of the ego and task factors in relation to a measure of perceived physical abilities.

The Measurement of Goal Orientation in Sport: Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ)

The main aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of psychometric properties of the Polish version of Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) in sport. Apart from standard psychometric evaluation, the paper presents an analysis of item reliability through the use of Item Response Theory, as well as the analysis of relationships between sport type, level of participation, gender and goal orientation level. The study covered 412 people aged M = 23.46 (SD = 5.40). The Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) were used. High reliability of POSQ ego subscale (α = 0.89, ω = 0.89) and POSQ task subscale (α = 0.90, ω = 0.91) were noted. The test-retest correlations at the two-week interval were ICC = 0.91 for ego subscale, and ICC = 0.71 for task subscale, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a relatively good fit of the two-factor model to the data (CFI = 0.94). Relationships between the goal orientation measured by the POSQ questionnaire and motivational traits measured by TEOSQ and SMS-28 were obtained. It was also shown that high-performance athletes had higher scores on the ego factor than recreational athletes. Moreover, men had higher scores on the ego factor than women. The Perception of Success Questionnaire (Polish version) is characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used for scientific research and diagnosis.

Goal Orientation And Beliefs About Success In Age Group Swimmers

Determining a swimmer’s goal orientation and what they believe makes them successful can help coaches create better workouts and outcome measures in young athletes. PURPOSE: Goal orientation (task vs ego) and success beliefs (effort, deception, ability and external factors) were examined in age group swimmers to determine if achievement theory differed by age. METHODS: Eighty (N=80), 11-18 year old USA Swimming club members, completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Beliefs About the Causes of Sport Success Questionnaire (BACSSQ). Parent consent and child assent was obtained. Regression and multivariate analyses were used to examine differences between age groups. RESULTS: Athletes with Ego orientation had significant positive relationships with ability and deception as beliefs about the causes of sport success (Wilks’ Λ = 0.010, F(6, 69) = 1,195, p<0.001 and p<0.05 for age categories, subsequent post hoc tests reached p<0.05 for significance). Those with Task orientation had a positive relationship with higher effort and negative relationship with deception as a belief about the cause of sport success. Age comparisons showed 13-14 and 15-18 year old age groups had significantly higher ego orientation than the 11-12 age group, the 15-18 age group having a significantly lower task orientation than both the 11-12 and 13-14 age groups. The 13-14 age group attributed deception to success in swimming significantly more than the 11-12 age group. CONCLUSION: Older swimmers develop a higher ego orientation and lower task orientation due to more visible differences in ability and an increased focus on performance.

Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ).

The main aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ). The study covered 651 athletes aged 19.2 years, SD (Standard deviation) = 2.21. The task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ) and sport motivation scale (SMS-28) were used. Cronbach’s Alpha for the ego subscale was 0.84, and for the task subscale 0.81 (McDonald’s omega was 0.84, 0.82 respectively). The reliability of the test-retest with two weeks interval was ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficient) = 0.86 for ego and ICC = 0.86 for task. Initially, the two-factor model was not fully fitted (CFI (Comparative fit index) = 0.84), however the model with correlated errors for selected test items was well fitted to data (CFI = 0.95). Statistically significant, positive correlations between the task orientation and the intrinsic motivation components were obtained. Additionally, individual athletes had higher scores on the ego factor and lower scores on the task factor than the team athletes. These effects were moderated by the level of participation and occurred among high-performance athletes. Due to satisfactory reliability and validity indicators the Polish version of the task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ) can be used both for scientific research and in the individual diagnostics of athletes.

Influence of Goal Orientation on Players' Performance with Special Reference to Sri Lanka National Team Sports

The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between goal orientation and performance in team sports players. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) was used for the assessment of goals. The observed variable of the study was perceived performance and was measured through a likert scale questionnaire, which had been adopted from literature. Subjective performances of the players were considered. Data was collected from Sri Lankan national team players who are engaged in team sports of football, basketball, Elle, volleyball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Netball, Rugby and Throw ball. The study population was 308 national team players and the universal sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS and structural equation modeling with AMOS. The study results reveal that there is a significant association between goal orientation and performance of the players while a significant relationship exists between task orientation and performance. A moderate level of association was derived from ego orientation which in turn leads to performance.

Invarianza cultural del Cuestionario de la Orientación a la Tarea y al Ego (TEOSQ) y diferencias en las orientaciones motivacionales entre adolescentes de España, Argentina, Colombia y Ecuador

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinar la medida en que las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de la orientación a la tarea y al ego (TEOSQ) resultan estables en muestras de estudiantes de educación física de España, Argentina, Colombia y Ecuador. Participaron 3376 estudiantes de educación física (1726 chicos y 1650 chicas) de colegios públicos y privados de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.02; DT = 1.39). Los análisis factoriales multigrupo mostraron que la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos eran invariantes entre los grupos. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias entre las varianzas residuales. Los resultados mostraron una adecuada consistencia interna en las cuatro muestras Los hallazgos de este trabajo respaldan posteriores comparaciones interculturales utilizando el TEOSQ.

Dispositional of Goal Orientation in Soccer Player Performance on Different Position

This study investigates dispositional of goal orientation in player performance on different positions. Data were obtained from 223 participants in a research aged 13 to 17 years old in Malaysia. Data interpretation was carried out using cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Players completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and physical fitness test (v sit-up, agility, speed 5m, 10 and 20m, sergeant jump, sit and reach). CA was applied on motivation orientation which divided group according to their homogenous and DA was use for psychology that determine differences on player performance in different soccer positions. CA projected three groups form known as HTHE, LTME and MTLE and DA successfully discriminate three groups on 13 independent variables with 79.82% (forward stepwise) with total of 67 potential players. Each dispositional groups of goal orientation tend to show specific characteristics, attribute of soccer performance and physiological capacity. Finding of this study show insight of motivational dispositional characteristic lead to discrepancies of soccer performance and characterize the suitable players on each position in soccer.

RESEARCH RESULTS FOR GOAL ORIENTATION OF YOUNG KARATEKAS OF VARIOUS COMPETITIVE ORIENTATION

Since competitions in karate take place within bouts and katas, the subject matter of this study are the psychological characteristics which contribute to this differentiation. The goal of the research is to determine the predictive values of psychological characteristics in the competitive selection of karatekas. In relation to the subject matter and goals of the research, as well as studies carried out so far, a hypothesis has been formulated: significant differences exist in goal orientation between karatekas of various competitive orientation. The study included 79 karatekas, 12 to 14 years old, 37 of whom are competitors in bouts, 23 of whom practice katas, and 19 respondents who take part in both disciplines. In order to evaluate the motivational orientation, we used the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), designed by Duda &amp; Nicholls. Even though the overall results did not confirm the initial hypothesis that the respondents of various competitive orientation should differ in their motivational climate of goal orientation, they to a large extent can be of significant help in the proper selection of young competitors in karate.

The effect of peer interaction on sport confidence and achievement goal orientation in youth sport

We used a longitudinal design to examine peer interaction in youth sport as an antecedent of changes in sport confidence and achievement goal orientation (comprising task and ego orientation). At the beginning of the winter playing season, 141 children and adolescents (from 8 to 15 years of age) who were members of soccer clubs in the Midwest of the USA, completed the Sport Confidence Inventory (SCI) and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), and 51 of the original respondent group also completed the SCI, the TEOSQ, and a social network measure at the end of the playing season. To assess the effect of peer interaction on the young soccer players, we employed the influence model in social network analysis. The results showed that interaction with peers in the same age group positively influenced changes in task goal orientation and in sport confidence in regard to cognitive efficiency and resilience. In contrast, ego goal orientation was positively affected by interaction with peers in a different age group. The results increase understanding of young people's sport motivation as a function of their peer interaction.

The self-esteem, goal orientation, and health-related physical fitness of active and inactive adolescent students

A purposive sample of 200 (100 active and 100 inactive) adolescent students between 11 and 17 years (mean age of active students 13.40 ± 1.64 and inactive students 13.18 ± 1.40) were invited to participate in this study. The self-esteem and goal orientation of the students were determined with Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and the Task- and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), respectively. The health-related behavior and physical fitness of the students were determined by five tests measuring upper body strength, muscular endurance, aerobic endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Group comparisons of active and inactive students were done using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests, while Chi square tests were used to determine the adolescents’ time spent on sedentary activities, specifically on “Sunday” and the “Other Weekdays.” The results showed a significant difference between both groups on all of the parameters of health-related physical fitness components, self-esteem, and goal orientation. Active students had higher self-esteem and task orientation, whereas inactive students showed lower self-esteem and higher ego orientation levels.

Motivation Measures in Sport: A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis.

Motivation is widely-researched, in both sport psychology and other fields. As rigorous measurement is essential to understanding this latent construct, a critical appraisal of measurement instruments is needed. Thus, the purpose of this review was to evaluate the six most highly cited motivation measures in sport. Peer-reviewed articles published prior to August 2016 were searched to identify the six most highly cited motivation questionnaires in sport: Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS), Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). The questionnaires were then evaluated and discussed in four sections: Development, Reliability, Correlates, and Summary. Bibliometric data were also calculated (average weighted impact factor) and assessed (e.g., citations per year) to evaluate the impact of the use of each questionnaire. Despite some variance in their psychometric properties, conceptualization, structure, and utility, the six questionnaires are psychometrically strong instruments for quantifying motivation that are widely supported in the literature. Bibliometric analyses suggested that the IMI ranks first and the SMS ranks sixth according to the average weighted impact factors of their original publications. Consideration of each questionnaire's psychometric strengths/limitations, and conceptualization of motivation in the context of specific research questions should guide researchers in selecting the most appropriate instrument to measure motivation in sport. The average weighted impact factor of each questionnaire is a useful value to consider as well. With these points in mind, recommendations are provided.

Testing Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire across American and Chinese Samples.

This paper examines the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) across American and Chinese samples. Results based on the mean and covariance structure analyses supported configural invariance, metric invariance and scalar invariance across groups. Latent means analyses revealed that American sample had significantly higher mean scores on task and ego orientations than the Chinese sample. The findings suggest that the TEOSQ is a valid and reliable instrument in assessing achievement motivation across these two diverse populations.

Role of Mental Toughness in Achievement Goal Orientation of Collegiate Athletes

Mental toughness is one of the most central psychological characteristics in achieving excellence in sports. Goal orientation refers to athletes’ orientation towards the task and the end result of the task. This paper aims at studying the role of mental toughness in goal orientation of collegiate athletes. A sample of 300 male and female sport students from various colleges located primarily in Coimbatore city were selected using table of random numbers. Task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ) (Duda & Nicholls, 1992) and mental toughness questionnaire (Cherry, 2005) were used to collect data. The collected data were fed to SPSS for correlation analysis to know the relationship between mental toughness and achievement goal orientation. Regression analysis was done to study the influence of mental toughness on achievement goal orientation. Findings reveal that competitive desire and resilience are associated with task orientation, whereas self-confidence is associated with ego orientation. Further, competitive desire and self-confidence predicted task orientation and resilience predicted ego orientation.

The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and mental skills with goal orientation of footballers

This study aims to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and mental skills by interpreting the footballer's competitive anxiety and goal orientation. The research methodology is descriptive using correlational models. According to the predictor variables of early maladaptive schemas and mental skills, goal orientation and competitive anxiety are predicted in a sample of footballers in the Premier League and Azadegan League. The research population consisted of all footballers in the Premier League and Azadegan League. Considering the formula, the sample size was chosen 200 using convenience sampling method from Premier and Azadegan Leagues’ football teams. The measurement tools include Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF; Young, 1998), The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool 3 (OMSAT-3), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive and inferential indicators and methods were used. The research hypotheses were tested by standardized multiple regression analysis and finally, the conclusion based on the hypotheses was that there was a relationship between some components of early maladaptive schemas and mental skills with goal orientation of footballers.

Goal orientation of Brazilian skateboarders

The aim of this research is to evaluate the goal orientation (task and ego) of skateboarders based on a descriptive research. We evaluate thirty one male skateboarders aged between 12 to 30 years (age average: 19.54 ±4,98), who live in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. They answered the TEOSQ (Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire), and the results showed that the average for task orientation was 4.47 ±0.34; median, 5; and for ego orientation the result was 2.47 ±0.61; median, 3. The general results show there is significant difference between task and ego orientation in the total group, and separately by ages. We conclude that the task orientation was the tendency of these group to always work together for learning new skills and training their ability; so these sportsmen have more security in their actions and behavior; they have feeling of success constantly and more self-control. Key words: Skateboard, evaluation, goals orientation.