Tashkent City Research Articles

Dynamic study of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tashkent city

The purpose of this work is to assess the epidemiological features of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC) in the city of Tashkent, based on a retrospective study from 2009 to 2016. In the period under study, 1,190 new cases and 722 deaths from cervical cancer were registered in Tashkent. The average age of the patients was 54.5 years, the deceased 59.9. It was found that the age-standardized rates of CC were 11.4 0 / 0000 , mortality – 6.9 0 / 0000 . The age peak of the incidence was observed in 45-64 years (30.7 0 / 0000 ), and the peak of mortality in 65 years and older is 28.4 0 / 0000 . Trends in the age-specific morbidity and mortality rates in Tashkent had a different trend, which affected the increase in the incidence rate and the decrease in the death rate as a whole for the entire female population of the capital.

Clinical-neurosonographic parallels of intracranial hemorrhagies in early childhood

Objective. Conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and neurosonographic indicators of intracranial hemorrhage in infants.Materials and methods. In the clinical part of the study, 68 patients took part in the acute / acute periods of intracranial hemorrhage, which we took for the study on the basis of the Tashkent City Children's Clinical Hospital No1. Gender ratios of which were 69.1% boys (47 children) and 30.9% girls (21 children), from birth to 2 months of life (average age at the time of hemorrhage is 36.28 ± 9.85 days). Diagnostic examination included neurosonography (NSG) of all children in the first 24 hours of the implementation of intracranial hemorrhages on admission to the clinic.Results. According to our study of 68 children with intracranial hemorrhage, it turned out that the average age of morbidity was 36.28 ± 9.85 days (p < 0.001) Neurosonographic indicators stated the presence of parenchymal hemorrhage (right and left hemisphere), SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage), hemorrhage into the trunk, IVH (intraventricular hemorrhage) II, IVH III. According to neurosonography, parenchymal hemorrhage (right-16 or left hemisphere-21) was observed in 37 patients, SAH and IVH-II 21 (30.9%) patients, IVH III – in 17 (25%) patients, hemorrhage in 3 (4.4%) brain stem of patientsConclusion. Analysis of the implementation of hemorrhage showed that not always small gestational age is the risk of hemorrhage. Cases of less severe changes (27%) on NSG with a coarser clinical picture and vice versa (15%), necessitate (taking into account the severity of the neurological state), a more detailed examination, including visualization (CT, MRI).

The importance of preliminary evaluation in developing ambulance staff training curriculum for developing countries: A survey in Uzbekistan.

The Tashkent city, the capital of the republic of Uzbekistan, started joint project with Korean emergency physicians to improve the quality of their ambulance services in 2016. Ambulance service in Tashkent city has been facing challenges in processing a large number of calls, and low competency of their staff in providing advanced prehospital emergency care. To design an appropriate capacity building training program for ambulance staff, we analyzed the current ambulance service in Tashkent concerning resources and competency of the staff. In this study, ambulance staff participated in the constructed survey and pre-validated written test. Statistics and other information were provided by the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan. Ninety-eight ambulance staff were participated in this study, and more than half (53.1%) of the participants were physicians. The average years of service in the ambulance were 8.71±6.9 years. In the ambulance, drugs were stocked in enough quantity include injections for critical care, except large volume fluids for resuscitation. Only 19 to 52 percent of the ambulances were equipped with essential monitoring devices. Competency for the basic procedure was surveyed higher than 60%, but critical care skills, such as defibrillation, were as low as 18%. The written test resulted in only 41.1% correct answer rate, though it was higher than 60% in the validation test for Korean ambulance staff. Conventional prehospital knowledge and skillset deemed to be essential for ambulance staff were found to be marginal in the test. The ambulance staff in Tashkent, Uzbekistan found to have insufficient medical knowledge and clinical decision-making abilities. Training program for ambulance staff in Tashkent should be developed on the basis of the findings in this study.

Structural Features of the Vegetative Organs of <i>Allium praemixtum</i> Vved. in Different Ecological Conditions

Central Asia is one of the main centers of origin of bulbous geophytes, including the family Amaryllidaceae Juss. The anatomical features of many endemic, red-book bulbous geophytes are still poorly understood. The article presents the results of a structural study of the inflated part of the stem (fistular), stem and pedicels of an endemic A. praemixtum species grow in two different environmental conditions in the Aktau mountain Nurata Range (Uzbekistan, Province Navoi) and in the conditions of introduction in the Tashkent Botanical Garden (Uzbekistan, Tashkent city). Diagnostic signs of vegetative organs were revealed and various combinations of xeromorphic and mesomorphic signs were determined. Comparative anatomical study of vegetative organs of A. praemixtum is of great theoretical and practical importance in relation to taxonomy and ecology.

The Ambition of a Half-Padishah or the Enthusiasm of a Tsarist Administrator? Konstantin von Kaufmann and the Development of Local Government in Tashkent

In 1877, Konstantin von Kaufmann, Governor-General of Turkestan, established municipal government in Tashkent, which implemented Alexander II’s reform of local government in the territories recently joined to the Russian Empire. The principles of the formation and activity of the Tashkent City Duma provoked contradictory opinions among contemporaries and later researcher. The author aims to analyse the terms of the development of local government in Tashkent, its correspondence with imperial principles and specific local features (based on centuries-old traditions of local government in Central Asia), and the evaluations of the adherents and opponents of Kaufmann’s project. In order to achieve this goal, the author studies the position of the Turkestan governorgeneral, the legal institutions of local government in the Russian Empire in general and in Turkestan in particular, and opinions of contemporaries, i. e. Russian imperial officials, representatives of the Turkestan administration, and members of the Tashkent City Duma. Additionally, the author refers to works by Soviet, Russian, and foreign scholars in the 20th and early 21st centuries. The most criticised aspects of the reform are the disproportional representation in the City Duma of “Russian” and “indigenous” parts of the Tashkent population, the active intervention of the governor-general in the activity of the Duma, and his freedom in spending municipal funds on projects outside the competence of the local government. The author establishes that von Kaufmann’s reform was a declarative imitation in Tashkent of reforms implemented in European Russia. At the same time, he considered the City Duma an additional instrument for the realisation of his own projects in Tashkent and the Turkestan region in general, which was reflected in his Regulations, an “adaptation” of the City Code of 1870 to Central Asian realities. As a result, it is not surprising that the organisation and activity of the Tashkent City Duma during Kaufmann’s rule in Turkestan was criticised not only by central officials (who reacted negatively to Kaufmann’s activity from the very beginning), but also by the representatives of the Turkestan administration who had deep respect for Kaufmann.

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AS A RISK FACTOR OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE DESTABILIZATION (FRAGMENT OF RACSMI‑UZ STUDY)

Background. Registries are the most accurate tool for assessing the status of real clinical practice. The registries help to identify deficiencies in the management of patients, to determine the most optimal ways to improve the quality of treatment. In 2015, the Republican Specialized Center of Cardiology organized and initiated the Registry of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in one of the districts of Tashkent city (RACSMI-Uz Registry). In the present work, which is a fragment of the RACSMI-Uz study, the main clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with ACS/AMI were collected and analyzed, depending on the presence or absence of arterial hypertension (HTN). Design and methods . We analyzed the registry database of 432 patients who survived ACS/AMI. Results . In HTN patients survived after ACS/AMI, such accompanying pathologies as 1–2 stage obesity, myocardial infarction in past, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc. were registered more often and the rate of stenotic (> 50 %) narrowing of the coronary arteries was greater. The heart rate > 80 beats/min was 1,5-times greater among HTN patients than among non-HTN subjects. Lipid metabolism in patients after ACS/AMI with concomitant HTN was characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and relatively safe low values of total cholesterol level. Compliance with medications was 2 times higher in HTN patients with ACS/AMI than among those without HTN.

Effect of an oral health education program based on the use of quantitative light-induced fluorescence technology in Uzbekistan adolescents

The aim of this study was to determine whether an oral health education program using a Qscan device based on quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology could improve the oral hygiene status and oral health literacy of adolescents. One hundred adolescents aged 14-16 years attending a school in Tashkent city were included in this study. The participants were assigned to the following two groups using permuted block randomization technique: (i) control group (traditional learning) and (ii) experimental group (Qscan device-based learning). The participants included in the experimental group received additional education and training on dental plaque removal using the Qscan device. The accumulated levels of plaque were assessed in all participants, who also completed questionnaires about their oral health status, oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior during an 8-week period. There were statistically significant improvements in the experimental group compared to the control group in the plaque index (0.46 vs 0.07, p < .05), oral health knowledge (19.4 vs 28.8, p < .05), attitude (16.7 vs 20.2, p < .05), and behavior (19.9 vs 30.5, p < .05). This study has demonstrated that an oral health education program based on the use of QLF technology could be useful for improving the oral hygiene status and oral health literacy of adolescents in Uzbekistan.

The Role of Decorative Sculpture in the Urban Environment and Its Connection with the Architecture of the Tashkent City

The Role of Decorative Sculpture in the Urban Environment and Its Connection with the Architecture of the Tashkent City

Nil Sergeevich Lykoshin: from Samarkand military governor to Soviet professor

The history of Russian Turkestan is connected to the names of many famous Orientalists who started their activities in Turkestan after the Russian Empire’s conquest of the region. One of these interesting and iconic figures was Nil S. Lykoshin, who resided in the region for forty years (1880–1921); Lykoshin rose through the ranks from assistant chief of Tashkent city to the office of military governor of Samarkand district. Next to his military and administrative duties, Lykoshin continued to conduct scholarly work, and was one of the few Russian administrators who made the effort to learn the local languages. He produced over 700 articles on various aspects of the history, ethnology, education and culture of Central Asian peoples. Orientalists respected him for his translations of Oriental manuscripts, including the “Code of Decency in the Muslim East”, “Divana-i-Mashrab”, and Muhammad Narshakhi’s “The History of Bukhara”. After the establishment of Soviet power in Turkestan Lykoshin continued his service in the system of public education. He held lectures at the Central Asian State University (Sredneaziatskii gosudarstvennyi universitet), and the new powerholders regularly requested his expertise on the life and traditions of the local populations. However, Lykoshin also became an early victim of Bolshevik repression against representatives of the former regime, and was exiled to Samara. After the end of his exile term (and with the help of his patron, Academician Vasily V. Bartold) Lykoshin managed to obtain a position as teacher at the Samara University, where he read courses on the history of Turkestan studies and eventually became professor.

VOYNO-YASENETSKY Valentin Feliksovich (1877-1961). To the 140th of the birthday

Voyno-Yasenetsky Valentin Feliksovich (Archbishop Luka) Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol, Russian and Soviet surgeon, the author of works in anesthesiology, doctor of medical Sciences (1916), Professor (1917); doctor of theology (1959), winner of the Stalin prize, first degree (1946).&#x0D; &#x0D; F. Voino-Yasenetsky was born 27 APR 1877. After graduating from high school and Kiev art school, studied painting in Munich. In 1898 he became a student of the medical faculty of Kiev University, after which he worked as a surgeon in Chita, the town of Ardatov in Simbirsk province S. Verkhniy Lyubazh, Kursk region, town of Fatezh, Moscow. In 1915 he published in Saint Petersburg the book "Regional anesthesia", and in 1916 he defended it as his thesis and received the degree of doctor of medicine. Until 1917 the doctor in some of the provincial hospitals of Russia, and later the chief doctor of Tashkent city hospital, Professor of Central Asian state University. In 1921 he was ordained to the diaconate, a week a priest in 1923 he was tonsured a monk and consecrated a Bishop with the name Luca, a week later arrested. In 1926 V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky returned to Tashkent, but in 1930 he was arrested again and transported to Arkhangelsk. In 1934 he published a monograph "Sketches of purulent surgery". In 1937 he was arrested for the third time. Since 1940, works as a surgeon in the link in Bolshaya Murta, 110 kilometers from Krasnoyarsk. 1941 – consultant to all hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk territory and the chief surgeon of the hospital. In 1942 was elevated to the rank of Archbishop and appointed to the chair of Krasnoyarsk. In 1944, published the monograph "On the course of chronic empyema and hundreth" and "Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of the joints." In 1944, Archbishop Luke was headed by the Department of Tambov. In 1945, awarded the Patriarch Alexy I right to wear the diamond cross, wrote the book "Spirit, soul and body." In 1946 he headed the Crimean Department in Simferopol. In 1946 he was awarded the Stalin prize. In 1955, was blind. Died V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky June 11, 1961, Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol.&#x0D; &#x0D; Author of 55 scientific papers on surgery and anatomy, ten volumes of sermons. His most famous book "Sketches of purulent surgery". Awarded Pointscore (1916), the diamond cross from the Patriarch of all Russia (1944), medal "For valiant labor in the great Patriotic war" (1945), Stalin prize first degree (1944).&#x0D; Archbishop Luka monuments in Krasnoyarsk, Tambov, and Simferopol, is an honorary citizen of Pereslavl-Zalessky (posthumously). In 1995, St Luke canonized as locally venerated saints of the Crimean diocese, in 2000, the definition of the Council of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church glorified as a Confessor (Saint) in the Assembly of new martyrs and Confessors of Russia. His relics are installed for worship at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Simferopol.

Evaluating of significance of thyroglobulin (Tg) level in blood as a biomarker of iodine deficiency disorders severity in Uzbekistan

Iodine deficiency has serious adverse effects on growth and development of humans, such as mental impairment. It is known, that thyroglobulin level in blood is promising biomarker that can determine iodine deficiency disorders severity in a given region.&#x0D; The Aim of study: Evaluating of significance of thyroglobulin level in blood as a biomarker of iodine deficiency disorders severity in Uzbekistan..&#x0D; Materials and Methods: We evaluated thyroglobulin level in blood in schoolchildren of Uzbekistan. In this purpose we studied 366 schoolchildren in 8-12 age group, of that 163 boys and 203 girls living in Tashkent city, Fergana, Samarkand, Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Khoresm and Republic of Karakalpakistan. Such parameters as urinary iodine concentration, diffuse goiter plasma TSH, fT4 were analyzed too.&#x0D; Results: Diffuse goiter prevalence was 27 % among children, the overall mean thyroglobulin concentration was 12,8 ± 10.4 ng/ml, the overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 120.27 μg/L indicating iodine sufficiency. Plasma TSH was 2.75 ± 1.69 mIU/l and plasma fТ4 14.48 ± 3,96 pmol/l. Thyroglobulin level depended on goiter size, so that in children without goiter (grade 0) mean thyroglobulin concentration was 11,9 ± 7.9 ng/ml, in children with goiter grade 1 mean thyroglobulin concentration was 14,24 ± 13.5 ng/ml and in children with goiter grade 2 mean thyroglobulin concentration was 18,82±18,3 ng/ml. Overall mean thyroglobulin concentration of goitrous children (grade 1 and 2) was 16,4±10,5 ng/ml.&#x0D; Conclusions: Though international studies in school-aged children showed that iodine-sufficient children typically had a median Tg &lt;13 ng/ml, our investigation showed that while study group’s UIC was 120.27 μg/L and overall mean thyroglobulin concentration was 12,8 ± 10.4 ng/ml, that is equal to median thyroglobulin concentration – 11,73 ng/ml, 39% of children in this group still have UIC below 100 μg/L.

Maintenance regimes of Mercedes-Benz buses, used in the conditions of Tashkent city

Maintenance regimes of Mercedes-Benz buses, used in the conditions of Tashkent city

Prevalence of mastopathies among women of Tashkent City

Prevalence of mastopathies among women of Tashkent City

296P Efficiency of intermittent androgen blockade in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Background One of the methods to prevent the development of hormone-resistant prostate cancer (PC) is intermittent androgen blockade (IAB). The concept of IAB is in a temporary androgen blockade, in which stem tumor cells are partially preserved. When a certain response is achieved, antiandrogen therapy is stopped to allow the growth of new clones of androgen-sensible cancer cells. Then treatment is resumed. The mechanism of this method is based on the activity of the remaining stem tumor cells, which cause the growth of androgen-dependent colony, receptive to re-hormonal treatment. Methods The study included 235 patients with advanced prostate cancer who were treated at the City Cancer Center, Tashkent city. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1(n = 49) - patients underwent surgical castration; group 2(n = 186) - patients received combined hormone therapy. All patients from group 2 were treated in the mode of intermittent therapy with - LHRH agonist - goserelin acetate 3.6 mg in the form of a depot injection 1 time per month and the injection form of cyproterone acetate 300 mg 2 times a month in combination with bisphosphonates. Results The study included 235 patients with advanced prostate adenocarcinoma. In group1 (n=49),wherepatientsreceivedorchiectomy,theaverageageofpatientswas 77.0861.12years.In18patients(36.766.88%) theprevalenceoftumorprocesswas T2NxMx,26patients(53.167.12%)-T3NxMx,5patients(10.264.32)-T3NxMx.19 patients (38.7 6 6.96%) were detected to have skeletal bone metastases, retroperitoneal and iliac lymph nodes. Conclusions The results of our research confirm the effectiveness of hormone therapy IAB in comparison with the traditional method of surgical castration. Our certain methods of selecting the optimal mode of hormonal therapy, depending on prognostic factors has led to improved health outcomes and quality of life of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Herewith, determination of the period of the second cycle start of hormone therapy is decided individually for each patient based on the PSA level before treatment and on the extent of tumor spread, dynamics of clinical symptoms, tolerance to androgen blockade. Legal entity responsible for the study Yusupov Sherali Khasanovich Funding Tashkent city oncology dispanser Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

309PD Features of cervical cancer in HIV-infected and uninfected women in association with human papilloma virus

Background Annually 470000 new cases of cervical cancer are registered around the world and more than 270 000 of them are fatal. According to statistical data in the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is also observed the increased cervical cancer morbidity in women, mostly of reproductive age, with an average annual growth of 1.2%. In the analysis of the incidence of cervical cancer in the city of Tashkent in the period from 2010 to 2015 it was found that the number of newly detected patients in 2010 amounted to 121 cases, but by 2015 this igure had risen to 176 cases, besides which the frequency of advanced stages of malignancies had increased. Methods The study included 89 patients with cervical cancer associated with HPV, of them, the main group 49 (55.1%) patients were HIV-infected, and 40 (44.9%) patients were HIV-uninfected and made up the control group. Patients underwent treatment in clinic of Tashkent City Oncology Dispensary and in Republican Center of AIDS in the period from 2005-2015. Age of patients ranged from 25-70. Results Analysis of the results of examinations and treatment of 89 (100%) patients who were at different stages of cervical cancer according to data of colposcopy, cytology, viral load of HIV revealed that among 49 HIV-infected patients, in 25 (51%) cases was found T4, in 18 (37%) patients T2-T3, and the other 6 (12%) patients had T1 stage of disease. Conclusions The detection rate of late stages of cervical cancer (stage T4) among HIVinfected women compared with HIV-negative increased 5 times (51% and 10%, respectively). HIV-positive patients were mainly infected with both HPV 16 þ18 (80%). The tumor process is accompanied by the development of endogenous intoxication and decrease in immune strength of cancer patients, therefore the presence in a patient of HIV infection associated with HPV can lead to rapid progression of malignant neoplasms. Legal entity responsible for the study Tashkent Medical Academy Funding Tashkent Medical Academy Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Tobacco Smoking Among Teachers and Students of Secondary Educational Institutions and its Preventive Measures in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Aims & Objective: The objective of present work is the study of tobacco prevalence among teachers and students of educational institutions of Tashkent city. Methods: The data for study were the results of public opinion poll among the employees (teachers, administrators) of Tashkent city comprehensive schools, lyceums and colleges, as well as students of 7-th, 8-th, and 9-th grades. There were questioned 30 people in each of 25 educational institutions, thus 750 respondents were questioned in total (men – 26.3% and women – 73.7%). Results: Among the questioned teachers ever smoked cigarettes – the women make up 12,4±1,8, and men – 47,3±3,9; among administrators – women make up 10,8±1,3, and men – 55±3,8. Female teachers (5,6±1,0) and male teachers (11,5±2,5) consume other types of tobacco products. Conclusion: There should be implemented programs on health promotion; smoking, drug and alcohol dependence prevention among the youth.

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among people with pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Tashkent city and Tashkent region

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among people with pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Tashkent city and Tashkent region

Application of Soft-computing Technologies to the Traffic Control System Design Problems

This paper considers the problem of application of the soft-computing technologies for the fuzzy modeling and synthesis of traffic control systems in conditions of uncertainty and insufficient initial information on traffic flows. It proposes methods for formal description of the transport process on the controlled crossroads and tasks management them based on the modern mathematical apparatus of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. And, also this paper provides effective algorithms for adaptive fuzzy-logic traffic control systems and the simulation models of them and the results of computing experiments for real crossroads of the road network of Tashkent city (Uzbekistan).

Identification of risk factors for obesity in children and adolescents living in Tashkent city

This article analyzes the identification of risk factors for obesity in children and adolescents living in Tashkent city in order to form the following prophylactic measures to prevent obesity in children and adolescents at an early age.

CLINICAL PROFILE OF INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASES AT CHILDREN IN UZBEKISTAN

From January 2008 to December 2013, a study was conducted of children patients (between the ages of 3 months to 14 years) with purulent meningitis (n = 210) and pneumonia (n = 265) admitted to specialized hospitals of Tashkent city. The material for the study were the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid. Of the 210 patients with purulent meningitis 98 (46.6%) cultures of S. pneumoniae were isolated, of 265 patients with pneumonia 37 (13.9%) cultures of S. pneumoniae were isolated (33 strains from the blood, 4 strains from pleural fluids). It has been found that there is a high sensitivity of the isolates of S. pneumoniae (94.8%) to penicillin. It is recommended to rationally use macrolides in the treatment of invasive pneumococcal diseases in children, given the spread of strains of S.pneumoniae, resistant to the drugs of these group. Identified pneumococcal serotypes are included in the pneumococcal vaccines, which quite justifies the need to introduce preventive vaccination in the schedule of vaccination of children against pneumococcal diseases in the Republic of Uzbekistan.