Taser Injury Research Articles

Visual Diagnosis in Emergency Medicine: A Shock to the System: The Uncommon Encounter of a Transcranial TASER Injury

Visual Diagnosis in Emergency Medicine: A Shock to the System: The Uncommon Encounter of a Transcranial TASER Injury

Penetrating Intracranial Taser Injury.

A 22-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a taser injury. The patient was in an altercation with law enforcement when he received a taser shot to his forehead from approximately 6 feet away (Figures 1 and 2). The patient reported a loss of consciousness during the event and complained of a headache, but was otherwise neurologically intact with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated a taser barb invading the inner cortex of the right frontal bone (Figures 3 and 4).

Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle Injuries to the Eye and Ocular Adnexa: The Management of Complex Trauma

To report the ocular and adnexal injuries sustained by patients with Thomas A. Swift's electric rifles (TASER;TASER International, Scottsdale, AZ), review the literature, and discuss the management of this complex trauma. Multicenter, retrospective case series and literature review. Seventeen eyes of 16 patients (5 eyes of 5 patients treated at 3 institutions, and 12 eyes of 11 previously reported cases). The clinical data of 17 eyes were pooled. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between the extent of TASER injury and patient outcomes. Extent of TASER injury (zone of injury, penetrating vs. perforating) and association with patient outcomes (visual acuity [VA] and retinal detachment [RD]). In our cohort, 4 patients were transported by law enforcement and 1 was transferred from a community hospital. Four patients were taken to the operating room for TASER removal and globe repair; 1 patient underwent removal in the emergency room. Of 17 pooled cases, 12 (71%) involved open-globe injury. Of these, there was a high rate of zone 3 injuries (100%; n= 12) and a high incidence of RD (73%; 8 of 11, eviscerated eye excluded). Among patients with closed-globe injury (n= 5), 1 patient demonstrated exudative RD and 1 patient demonstrated retinal dialysis with RD. Of 10 patients with RD, 1 (10%) achieved resolution with monitoring (exudative RD); 1 (10%) underwent cryopexy and pneumatic retinopexy; 3 (30%) underwent vitrectomy, and 5 (50%) with poor prognosis did not undergo vitreoretinal surgery. In the 3 patients who underwent vitrectomy, all 3 (100%) demonstrated redetachment resulting from proliferative vitreoretinopathy and required additional surgery. Visual acuity on presentation was significantly correlated with final VA (ρ= 0.783; P= 0.02). Men (94%) were more likely than women (6%) to sustain TASER trauma. Median age was 26 years. There was a 50% rate of loss to follow-up. Thomas A. Swift's electric rifle injuries to the eyes or ocular adnexa represent complex trauma. Zone 3 injuries are common. The visual prognosis is guarded, and eyes may require multiple surgeries to preserve vision. Patients are at high risk for loss to follow-up by way of incarceration.

Forensic reporting of TASER exposure: An examination of situational and exposure characteristics

The current study examines the content of autopsy reports (N = 184) for deaths that occurred following TASER exposure by police. Guided by previous research and national autopsy standards for other weapon-specific deaths, we evaluate 1) whether reports document situational characteristics of the police-citizen encounter and 2) whether reports document characteristics of the TASER exposure. We find a large portion of reports are often missing a police report summary and information regarding the TASER exposure. Considering the expanding use of TASERs by police, we emphasize the importance of creating national standards that require documentation of police report summaries, TASER injuries, and TASER logs.

New TASER injuries: lacrimal canaliculus laceration and ethmoid bone fracture

The TASER is a non-lethal conducted electrical weapon intended to incapacitate a person. The growing use of the TASER has resulted in an increased risk of injuries, including those to the face. We report a case of lacrimal canaliculus laceration and ethmoid bone fracture caused by an extra penetration (XP) TASER X26 dart. A 35-year-old was subdued with a TASER head shot; the probe was discharged into the left medial canthus without causing any ocular lesions. A computed tomography scan revealed the probe to be embedded in the left nasolacrimal duct and showed a displaced ethmoid fracture. The barbed dart had sectioned the inferior lacrimal canaliculus without electrifying the lesion. This case expands the knowledge of injuries that may occur as a result of the use of this device and the management of peri-ocular TASER injuries.

A brain penetration after Taser injury: Controversies regarding Taser gun safety

We report the case of a 27 year old man who was injured by a Taser gun device which penetrated the frontal part of the skull and damaged the underlying frontal lobe. Cerebral penetration was revealed by a brain CT scan. A neurosurgical procedure was required to remove the dart from the skull and brain and the evolution was successful allowing discharge of the patient one week later. There were no additional lesions, particularly electrifying lesion, as only one probe had penetrated the skull. We also observed the length of a Taser dart is sufficient to allow brain penetration. Fortunately, no infection or neurological complication occurred following brain injury. This case study underlines the potential risk induced by the use of Taser stun gun. Although generally regarded as a safe alternative, serious injuries have however been reported and questions regarding the safety of the device still remains unresolved.

‘They should have just taken a gun and shot my son’: Taser deployment and the downtrodden in Canada

This study interrogates ostensible differential deployment of an increasingly ubiquitous tool of policing in Canada – the Taser. Taser-related deaths are problematized as evidence of a teething new urban terrorism essentially against the downtrodden. The paper argues that a combination of intersecting factors: gender, low socio-economic status, mental illness, drug use, and ethnicity are fundamental to who gets tased by the police. The paper investigates the death of Polish immigrant Robert Dziekański at Vancouver airport as a quintessential ‘media event’. It highlights the concomitant disarticulation of the police as repositories of order and their re-articulation as insouciant villains. Dziekański's death, the paper contends, inter alia benefitted from the Canadian ‘cultural feeling rules’ in a manner that earlier recorded Taser-related fatalities did not. In addition, the paper argues that if the current trend continues, not only will the downtrodden continue to bear the brunt of Taser injuries and fatalities, but there may be scant public outcry accompanying such gory incidents.

Diffuse retinal injury from a non-penetrating TASER dart

To describe a non-penetrating TASER gun injury resulting in a small exudative retinal detachment but significant visual acuity and retinal function loss as demonstrated by electroretinography (ERG). A 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a TASER barb embedded in his right lower lid. A complete clinical ophthalmologic examination and surgical extrication were performed, as well as radiologic imaging and Ganzfeld electroretinography. No scleral penetration was observed on surgical exploration. Retinal examination showed a peripheral exudative detachment. Subsequent follow-up revealed progressive resolution of the detachment and improvement in visual acuity. The ERG showed a 63-70% decrease in rod a- and b-waves, while isolated cone responses were reduced by only 10%, with a minimal increase in implicit time. This case shows that periocular TASER injuries, even if apparently superficial, may result in significant ocular damage. ERG may be useful in the diagnosis of visual loss attributed to disturbance in photoreceptor function, in the absence of anatomically evident damage.

Catastrophic Globe Disruption as a Result of a TASER Injury

BackgroundInjuries caused by the TASER® (TASER International, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ) have been well documented, and both direct and indirect ocular injuries have been reported. We present a case of severe perforating injury to the globe from a TASER dart with central cornea penetration. ObjectivesTo describe the presentation and management of a penetrating ocular injury from a TASER dart. Case ReportA 47-year-old woman presented with a TASER dart injury penetrating through the central cornea. The injury resulted in a stellate corneal laceration, which was repaired with a final visual acuity of light perception without projection. ConclusionThis is a case of a severe TASER-related ocular injury resulting in significant vision loss. Although mechanical trauma seemed to be the main etiology for vision loss, electrical shock injury may also be contributory. Direct injury to the eye from a TASER dart is similar to other perforating projectile injuries and can have a devastating visual outcome.

Successful resuscitation of a patient in asystole after a TASER injury using a hypothermia protocol

New studies have shown the benefit of initiating a hypothermia protocol in the survivors of cardiac arrest. Although the data have shown an improved neurologic end point in patients initially in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, there is still debate about whether patients initially in other rhythms would benefit from hypothermia after return of spontaneous circulation. This is a report of a 17-year-old male found to be in asystole after sustaining a TASER injury, who was treated with a hypothermia protocol after return of spontaneous circulation and left the hospital with intact neurologic function.

AB35-2: Ventricular fibrillation and death after TASER injury

A fifty year old agitated, combative man was immobilized with a TASER gun. The electric barbs penetrated his skin on anterior chest within one foot apart. He collapsed and went into cardiac arrest. Paramedics found the rhythm to be ventricular fibrillation (VF). Multiple defibrillation shocks were given without success. Autopsy determined the cause of death was due to Electrocution, TASER and Methamphetamine use.

Taser penetrating ocular injury

To describe the presentation and treatment of a Taser penetrating ocular injury. Case report. A 50-year-old man with a Taser injury 1.5 cm below the right lower eyelid margin was admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. The case report describes the ophthalmic assessment, investigation, treatment, and outcome of the Taser barb penetrating ocular injury. The Taser has a fish hook barb that caused a full-thickness wound adequately large for vitreous to escape when the Taser was removed. Consequently, the scleral wound was repaired and cryopexy was performed. The affected eye made a satisfactory recovery, and the visual acuity was 6/9 with a pinhole 1 week after operation. Any Taser injury around the orbits should raise the suspicion of a penetrating ocular injury. In likely cases, removal of the Taser should be performed in an operating theater under general anesthesia.

The Taser ® weapon: A new emergency medicine problem

The Taser is an electrical law enforcement and self-defense weapon that is being used with increasing frequency. The weapon is described and its effects and ballistic and electrical considerations are reviewed. Clinical aspects of Taser injury, including weapon-fired barb injury, barb removal methods, injury secondary to electrical current, ventricular fibrillation, possible interactions with implanted pacemakers, and injuries secondary to weapon-induced falls, are discussed. Taser injuries are a new and increasingly frequent emergency medicine problem.