Leg Tarsi Research Articles

New genera and species of feather mites of the family Gabuciniidae (Astigmata: Pterolichoidea) from New World raptors (Aves: Falconiformes)

AbstractWe describe four new species of feather mites of the family Gabuciniidae collected from Accipitridae and Falconidae (Falconiformes) from South and North America. Three of these belong to new genera, Metagabuciniagen. nov. with one new species and Proaposolenidiagen. nov. with two new species. We also describe one new species of the genus Aposolenidia Gaud and Atyeo. The new species and host records are Aposolenidia striatasp. nov. from the pearl kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii Vigors, Metagabucinia caracaraesp. nov. from the red-throated caracara, Ibycter americanus (Boddaert), Proaposolenidia accipitrissp. nov. from the Cooper’s hawk, Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte), and Proaposolenidia elanoidessp. nov. from the swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus (Linnaeus). Aposolenidia, Metagabucinia, and Proaposolenidia constitute a morphologically distinct group within the Gabuciniidae. This “Aposolenidia genus group” is characterized by the following features: bases of epimerites of legs I and II inflated, ball-shaped, heavily sclerotized, and connected by sclerotized dorsolateral bridges; tarsi of legs I and II with dorsal walls strongly thickened and dorsobasal part of tarsus I inflated. Members of this group coexist on falconiforms with other gabuciniid taxa that exhibit longer and more extensively sclerotized bodies, such as the genera Aetacarus Gaud and Atyeo, Hieracolichus Gaud and Atyeo, and Ramogabucinia Gaud and Atyeo.

20-Hydroxyecdysone Deters Oviposition and Larval Feeding in the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana

European grapevine moth females (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera Tortricidae) select an oviposition site by tasting the host plant surface and then gluing a single egg on berries from grapes or from several other host plant species. In doing so, females should avoid ovipositing on plants that are detrimental to their progeny. Do they sense the same deterrent compounds as larvae, despite the fact that they do not have access to the same compartments of the plants? We tested this hypothesis with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), purified from Leuzea carthamoides. Phytoecdysteroids are usually found inside plant tissues and accessible to larvae in an aqueous phase, while adults would access them only through the epicuticular wax. We first confirmed that larvae avoid feeding on 20E and that they taste 20E with their lateral sensilla styloconica, at a threshold of 10(-6) M. Then, we tested whether adult females avoid ovipositing on glass spheres sprayed with 20E. When given a choice, females avoided laying eggs on a treated surface, at a threshold of 8 ng/cm(2). In addition, they deposited significantly fewer eggs in the presence of 20E. Presuming that legs play an important role in assessing the oviposition substrate, we assessed the sensitivity of their taste receptors. In females, 14 taste sensilla are located on the ventral side of the last tarsus of the prothoracic leg. One group of these sensilla house one neuron that is sensitive to 20E, with a detection threshold of about 10(-7) M. The same molecule is thus sensed both in larvae and adults of L. botrana where it respectively inhibits feeding and oviposition.

The occurrence of two adult instars among Grassatores (Arachnida: Opiliones)—A new type of life-cycle in arachnids

Summary The order Opiliones has been divided into three (or four) suborders [Cyphophthalmi, Palpatores (Eupnoi +Dyspnoi) and Laniatores] that present several morphological and biological differences. Among Laniatores, two main groups can be recognized: Insidiatores, in which legs III and IV bear a single claw generally divided at the apex and the penis has musculature between dorsal and ventral plates; and Grassatores, in which legs III and IV bear two claws and the penis lacks musculature. Among the latter, there are striking differences among juveniles (nymphs) and adults. Nymphs generally have an arolium and a pseudonychium in the apex of the tarsus of legs III and IV, and lack a tarsal process (or may achieve a small one through development), whereas adults lack the juvenile structures and, in some families, have a well developed tarsal process. The last stage prior to the adult stage (generally called subadult) also lacks the juvenile structures, and shares with adults an open genital operculum and the capacity to reproduce. Considering that adulthood is defined by the capacity to reproduce, then subadults must be considered to belong to an adult phase. Considering all evidence from the literature and new evidence from our studies, it is our goal to formalize the working hypothesis that Grassatores have two (and only two) instars in the adult phase, which is strikingly different from all known arachnids.

Redescription of Schizosthetus lyriformis (McGraw and Farrier, 1969) (parasitiformes: parasitidae), with revision of the genus

Schizosthetus lyriformis (McGraw and Farrier, 1969) is redescribed for all instars, emphasizing ontogenetic changes in sensillar and gland patterns of all body parts. This approach allows recognition of some previously unreported patterns. Major positional shifts of lyrifissures over ontogeny appear correlated with the formation of the peritremes, and some setae of leg tarsi II-IV are unexpectedly variable in both shape and presence. In addition, the two remaining members of the genus are briefly redescribed, with a new diagnosis for the genus. Schizosthetus is strongly associated with bark beetles, with a geographic range matching that of their most common hosts

First record of a fig mite from the Australian Region: Paratarsonemella giblindavisi sp. n. (Acari: Tarsonemidae)

AbstractTarsonemid mites in the tribe Tarsonemellini have been found in figs or phoretic on fig wasps or fruit bats in the Neotropics, Africa and Asia. Here, the first known Australian fig mite, Paratarsonemella giblindavisi sp. n., is described from adult females and males collected from within the syconia of Ficus virens from St Lucia, Queensland. The male of Paratarsonemella is described for the first time and is found to have a unique fusion of the femur, genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV.

Identification of resilin in the leg of cockroach, Periplaneta americana: confirmation by a simple method using pH dependence of UV fluorescence

We have examined the tarsus (foot) and tibial segments of the cockroach leg to identify structures that contain the elastic protein resilin. The presence of resilin was tested using the conventional criteria of fluorescent emission at 420 nm under UV illumination and histological staining of wholemount tissues by toluidine blue. We have also developed a simple method of confirming identification of resilin through changes in its fluorescence that occur with alteration of pH of the surrounding medium. Using a commonly available excitation filter that only passes light at >330 nm, we found that the emission was present at neutral pH but was eliminated at low pH. It then reversibly reappeared when medium of higher pH was restored. This effect is attributable to a known shift in the absorption maximum of amino acids of resilin that occurs in acidic media (from 330 to 285 nm). The accuracy of this method of identification was confirmed by examination of ligaments of the wing hinge, which has previously been shown to contain resilin in a number of insects. Using these techniques, we have identified resilin in association with ligaments at the tibio-tarsal joint and in the articulation between the fourth and fifth tarsal segments of the leg. The anatomical arrangement of these ligaments suggests that they could aid in the generation of leg movements during walking by functioning as elastic antagonists to the actions of leg muscles. The method of identification we have devised could readily be applied to aid in the localization of resilin in other animals.

Avoidance reflexes mediated by contact chemoreceptors on the legs of locusts

Taste receptors, or basiconic sensilla, are distributed over the legs of the locust and respond to direct contact with chemical stimulants. The same chemosensory neurones that responded to contact with salt solutions also responded to particular acidic odours. Odours of food and other chemicals had no effect on the chemosensory neurones. In locusts free to move, an acid odour presented to the tarsus of a hind leg evoked a rapid avoidance movement in which the tarsus was levated, the tibia flexed and the femur levated. Intracellular recordings from motor neurones that innervate muscles of the hind leg showed that when an acid odour was directed towards basiconic sensilla on the leg there was a reciprocal activation of antagonistic motor pools that move the leg segments about each joint. Thus an extensor tibiae motor neurone was inhibited while a flexor tibiae motor neurone was excited, and the tarsal depressor and retractor unguis motor neurones were inhibited while the tarsal levator motor neurone was excited. This method of odour stimulation of taste receptors generates less adaptation than direct contact with chemicals, and therefore represents an ideal method for stimulating taste receptors for further studies on the central pathways processing taste signals.

Hygro- and thermoreceptors in tip-pore sensilla of the tarsal organ of the spider Cupiennius salei: innervation and central projection

The hygro- and thermoreceptive tarsal organ in the wandering spider Cupiennius salei is located on the tarsus of each walking leg and pedipalp, and consists of a tiny air-filled capsule in the cuticle. This capsule communicates with the outside world through a small aperture and contains seven nipple-shaped sensilla, each with a pore at its tip. In both their external morphology and internal structure, the sensilla are indistinguishable, although one sensillum is innervated by only two sensory cells, whereas the other six sensilla contain three sensory cells. Their dendrites are unbranched and terminate at the tip-pore, where they are enveloped by amorphous material that appears to limit their exposure to the atmosphere. Cobalt fillings reveal that each tarsal organ projects to three different areas within the suboesophageal ganglionic mass: (1) the sensory longitudinal tract 3 and 4; (2) the corresponding pedipalpal or leg ganglion; (3) a structured neuropil (here termed the “Blumenthal neuropil”) beneath the oesophagus. The multiple representation of sensory afferents from each tarsal organ in different regions of the suboesophageal ganglionic mass suggests parallel processing of hygro-/thermoreceptive information.

Intersegmental and local interneurons in the metathorax of the stick insect Carausius morosus that monitor middle leg position

1. In the stick insect, proprioceptive information from the middle leg is used to define the target for the swing movement of the adjacent rear leg ("targeting behavior"). To investigate the underlying neural circuits, intracellular recordings were made in the ganglion controlling the rear leg, the metathoracic ganglion, while systematically moving the tarsus of the middle leg. 2. Several intersegmental interneurons and one local interneuron were identified as possible contributors to the targeting behavior. The intersegmental interneurons code the position of the middle leg tarsus in a highly simplified manner: test movements of the middle leg in the dorsal, lateral, and caudal directions from the standard starting position at right angles to the thorax elicit phasic-tonic responses in three different intersegmental neurons. The response in each interneuron actually reflects the movement and position at only one joint of the middle leg: for the neurons responding primarily to movement in the caudal, dorsal, and lateral test directions, the adequate stimulus is movement at the subcoxal joint, the coxa-trochanter joint, and the femur-tibia joint, respectively. 3. The metathoracic local interneuron integrates information from ipsilateral middle and rear legs in such a way as to provide an approximate measure of the distance between the two tarsi in the longitudinal direction. It is depolarized in a phasic-tonic manner both by caudal movements of the ipsilateral middle leg and by rostral movements of the ipsilateral rear leg. The adequate stimulus in each case is the change in the angle at the subcoxal joint of the leg moved. Depolarization of this neuron activates retractor motoneurons, which is consistent with a role in terminating the swing movement. 4. Altogether the results indicate first, that the targeting behavior could be controlled by very few intersegmental channels and, second, that the nervous system encodes the position of the middle leg tarsus in terms of joint angles rather than in abstract, body-centered coordinates.

Fine structure of olfactory sensilla in myriapods and arachnids.

Structural features of various types of olfactory sensilla are reviewed. 1) Sensilla basiconica which differ in form and size are found on the antennae of centipedes and millipedes. Their walls show longitudinal slits or grooves that either open into the sensillum lumen or do not penetrate the cuticle. In other such sensilla the outer surface is pierced by pores and the inner surface grooved and pocketed. These sensilla are innervated by one to six sensory cells. Their unbranched outer dendritic segments extend to the tip of the sensillum. The sensory cells are surrounded by two or three sheath cells which terminate at the sensillum base or form a continuous tube around the entire length of the outer dendritic segments. 2) Temporal organs of centipedes are located between the insertion of the antenna and the ocelli. These sensilla consist of a shallow cuticular ring with a central sensory plate made up by a layer of unperforated cuticle or a capsule with a mushroom-shaped structure inside formed by fibrous-looking cuticle. A dozen sensory cells with unbranched outer dendritic segments innervate each sensillum. They extend toward the sensory cuticle and pass just below it. Numerous sheath cell processes run parallel to the outer dendritic segments up to the sensory cuticle. 3) Thread-like flagella of Pauropoda are found on the antennae. They possess a flexible unperforated cuticular wall. These sensilla contain nine sensory cells surrounded by several sheath cells which form a continuous cytoplasmic tube around the outer dendritic segments. 4) Single-walled sensilla with numerous plugged pores penetrating the cuticular wall occur on the tarsus of the first leg in ticks. Each sensillum is innervated by 4-15 sensory cells. Three sheath cells terminate in the base of the sensillum. 5) Double-walled sensilla with spoke canals are found on the first tarsus of ticks. Their shaft is longitudinally grooved. Pore canals lead inward from the bottom of the grooves and open into vase-shaped chambers. From its base these canals extend into the lumen of the sensillum which contains unbranched outer dendritic segments of 1-2 sensory cells. 6) Single-walled sensilla with pore openings occur on the distal tarsal segments of the first leg of whip spiders. These sensilla are innervated by 40-45 sensory cells. Their unbranched outer dendritic segments fill the shaft lumen and extend partly into the wall pores. Microvillus-shaped sheath cell processes line the inner surface of the cuticular wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Comparative morphology and reproductive compatibility between populations ofEuseius mesembrinus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Florida and Texas

Field specimens ofEuseius mesembrinus (Dean) from Florida and Texas were found to be morphologically similar regardless of differences in the lengths of dorsal shield setae or the St IV macroseta. Populations from both states were reproductively compatible. Taxonomic characters ofE. mesembrinus were illustrated using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Lengths of dorsal shield setae and the macroseta on the tarsus of leg IV of field-collected specimens from Florida and Texas, laboratory cultures, and their crosses (F1) showed inconsistent variance. Multivariate analysis of variance and canonical discriminate analysis revealed that the source of variance can be attributed to ecological factors. The results suggest that the two populations are the same species and support the possibility that the Florida population originated from Texas.

DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAL ARRENURUS BARTONENSIS COOK, ARRENURUS BIRGEI MARSHALL, ARRENURUS NEOBIRGEI COOK, AND ARRENURUS ROTUNDUS MARSHALL (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA; ARRENURIDAE)

AbstractLarvae of Arrenurus bartonensis Cook, Arrenurus birgei Marshall, Arrenurus neobirgei Cook, and Arrenurus rotundus Marshall are described for the first time. Larvae of A. rotundus can be distinguished reliably from the other three by differences in morphology. Larvae of A. bartonensis, A. birgei, and A. neobirgei are very similar, but can be separated by comparing shape and size of the excretory pore plate, and by measurements of the dorsal plate and the tarsus of the third leg.

Stabilizing Sexual Selection and Density-Dependent Correlates of Copulatory Success in the Ambush Bug, Phymata wolffii (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Laboratory competition experiments using males of the ambush bug Phymata wolffii Stal (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), with either the mid or rear leg tarsi amputated, demonstrated that the rear leg is more important in facilitating preand postcopulatory guarding of females. In a natural Indiana population, the rear leg of males was significantly longer than that of females relative to body size (protonal width), suggesting sexual selection on male rear leg length. However, analysis of the allometric relationship between rear leg length and pronotal width revealed that sexual differences could be accounted for by the average greater size (pronotal width) of females and a nonlinear relationship between rear leg length and pronotal width, with males and females lying at different ends of the same allometric curve. Nevertheless, stabilizing sexual selection on the allometric relationship was detected in the smaller variance of the ratio, rear leg length: pronotal width among copulating plus guarding males vs. singletons, and in the overall greater variance in the ratio among females than males. In general, males of greater dry weight had greater copulatory success. However, only at low density was male size, measured as pronotal width, associated with copulatory success. Males mated most often with heavier and presumably more fecund females. The greater energetic commitment males make before and after copulation and in preand postcopulatory guarding selects for male preference for larger females. INTRODUCTION In insects, differences among males in the ability to compete for females or attract females with nutritional resources result in variation in the copulatory success of males (Thornhill and Alcock, 1983). Variation in the number of females inseminated is a major component of male reproductive variance (Wade and Arnold, 1980) and gives rise to sexual selection for male characteristics which increase competitive ability or access to females (Darwin, 1871). Since sexual selection is frequently intense (West-Eberhard, 1983), it may represent an important force directing phenotypic evolution (Arnold and Wade, 1984). The present study on a natural population of the ambush bug Phymata wolffii Stal (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) examines male characteristics associated with copulatory success and characteristics which may have evolved in response to sexual selection. In addition, the study identifies characteristics differentially associated with copulatory success in microhabitat areas of varying population density. Ecological variables such as habitat heterogeneity (e.g, McLain, 1981, 1984a and b) and population density (e.g, McLain, 1982a, 1985a; Dodson and Marshall, 1984a) have received relatively little attention for their effects on pair bonding in insects. In fact, very little is known of intraspecific variation in insect mating systems (Alcock, 1979). Investigations of phymatid sexual behavior in Phymata fasciata revealed a tendency for males to choose larger females only under higher population densities (Dodson and 'Present address: Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. 30322

The contributions of diverse sense organs to the control of leg movement by a walking insect

During locomotion, stick insectsCarausius morosus, place the tarsus of the rear leg near the tarsus of the ipsilateral middle leg, whatever the position of the latter. This adjustment by the hind leg requires that it receive information on the actual position of the middle leg tarsus. It is shown by ablation experiments that such information is contributed by the following proprioceptors of the middle leg: the ventral and dorsal coxal hairplates, the coxal hair rows, the trochanteral hairplate and the femoral chordotonal organ. Additional information comes from other, as yet unidentified, sense organs. Several alternatives are considered to explain how the signals from the diverse sense organs of the subcoxal joint might be combined in computing the target position for the protracting hind leg. The experimental results support the hypothesis that the signals are added nonlinearly and that a signal deviating from the majority pattern is weighted less.

Flight-inhibition on ground contact in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana—I. Contact receptors and a model for their central connections

1. (1) In the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. flight-inhibition on leg contact with the ground has been analysed and the receptors feeding into this reflex have been identified. 2. (2) Flight inhibition results from stimulation of the following receptors: 3. (a) hair sensilla located ventrally on the tarsal segments of all six legs; 4. (b) campaniform sensilla situated on the dorsal surface of each tarsal segment and on tibia, femur and trochanter where they are grouped in fields in all legs. Both sexes carry approximately the same number ( ca. 730) of these leg receptors involved in flight inhibition. 5. (3) Stimulation of only 6–8 campaniform sensilla on the tarsus of a single leg, i.e. 1% of the receptors present, is sufficient to prevent the cockroach from flying. 6. (4) Since flight continues even if all these receptors are destroyed it is concluded that flight initiation after loss of contact is not due to the onset of specific stimulation of leg receptors, but due to the loss of an inhibitory influence from leg receptors which are continuously stimulated when the legs are in contact with the ground. 7. (4) On the basis of reflex latency measurements and the outcome of various operations on thoracic connectives and ganglia a “minimal model” of the neural circuitry of the flight-inhibition reflex is derived. It suggests at least two interneurones (three synapses) between receptors and flight motoneurones.

Comparative Fine Structure of the Claw Sensilla of a Soft Tick, Argas (Persicargas) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal, and Kohls, and a Hard Tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.)

The (at the distal end of the tarsus) of the first leg of the adult tick, Argas (Persicargas) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal, and Kohls, and the adult tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Six pairs of in the tick and 3 pairs in the tick are symmetrically located at the lateral and the medial side of the claw. Three different types of sensilla are described. Type 1 sensillum, a blunt-tipped thick-walled seta, is innervated by 2 sets of dendrites: one set of 2 mechanoreceptive dendrites ending in the socket and another set of 4 to 5 chemoreceptive dendrites ascending into the shaft. Seven canal openings (140 A) at the tip allow communication between the dendrites and the environment. Type 2 sensillum, a sharppointed thick-walled seta, also has 2 mechanoreceptive dendrites and 0 to 4 chemoreceptive dendrites in the shaft receiving chemical stimuli through a single subterminal slit opening (140 A). Type 3 sensillum, a sharp-pointed seta, having only 2 dendrites at the base, is a typical mechanoreceptive sensillum. In the type 1 and 2 sensilla, 2 sets of dendrites are separately encircled by their own internal enveloping cell but share a common external enveloping cell. An extra middle enveloping cell only surrounds the internal enveloping cell of the chemoreceptive dendrites. This is apparently a unique feature of tick sensilla. The first pair of legs of ticks are frequently waved in the air and serve a major role in the sensory perception of the animal. Recent investigations by scanning and transmission electron microscopy have revealed the fine structural details of the tarsal sensilla and Haller's organ of Amblyomma americanum (L.) (family Ixodidae, hard ticks) and Argas (Persicargas) arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal, and Kohls (family Argasidae, soft ticks) (Foelix and Axtell, 1971, 1972; Roshdy, Foelix, and Axtell, 1972; Axtell et al., in press). Similar sensilla types have been described on the palps (Foelix and Chu-Wang, 1972). From the morphology and permeability studies (Foelix, 1972) chemoand mechanoreceptive functions can be ascribed to particular sensilla. Additional arise from the tip of the tarsus and project distally in proximity to the claws. These claw setae were not included in previous investigations but due to their locations should also have a significant role in Received for publication 31 January 1973. * Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N. C. 27607, USA. This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, Naval Biology Program, under contract no. N00014-70-A-0120-0001, NR 306-033. Paper No. 3945 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina State University Agricultural Experiment Station. sensory perception. In Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch. and Hyalomma asiaticum P. Sch. and E. Schl., these were shown experimentally to be involved in the detection of repellents and were individually classified as chemoor mechanoreceptors on the basis of shape and a gross electrophysiological response (Zolotarev and Elizarov, 1963, 1964; Zolotarev and Sinitsyna, 1965). No fine structure investigations using electron microscopy were conducted on those species, however. We investigated the fine structure of the of Argas arboreus and Amblyomma americanurn by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Since these are innervated, it is appropriate to refer to them as sensilla. These results will contribute to a more complete basis for future behavioral and electrophysiological studies on the sensory perception of these representative species of ticks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Argas (Persicargas) arboreus were from a NAMRU-3 Medical Zoology colony originally collected from rookeries of Bubulcus i. ibis in the type locality of this tick species, near Cairo, and subsequently maintained on domestic pigeon hosts. The Amblyomma americanum were field-collected with a cloth drag in the vicinity of Jacksonville and Came Lejeune, North Carolina. For scanning electron microscopy the ticks were

Sensory Setae of the First Tarsi and Palps of the Mite Macrocheles muscaedomesticae1,2

By scanning and transmission electron microscopy, blunt-peg type of sensilla (sensilla basiconica) were found on the tarsus of the 1st leg of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli). The changes in number, size, and position were determined for each life stage. The number of blunt pegs in the larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult stages were 6, 7, 8, and 8, respectively. Similar sensilla were not found on the terminal segment of the palps.

Biology of and Odor Perception byFuscuropoda vegetans(Acarina: Uropodidae), a Predator of the House Fly

Fuscuropoda vegetans (De Geer) is a free-living predator of Musca domestica L. egg and 1st-stage larva. Under laboratory conditions, the life cycle from egg deposition to adult emergence is about 23 days for male and 24 days for female mites at 27°C. Reproduction is bisexual. The preoviposition and oviposition periods average 8 and 24 days, respectively. Significantly more eggs are laid by females when fed on nematodes than when fed on house fly eggs. The average life span of fertilized females (234 days) is significantly different from that of unfertilized females (69 days); the average male life span is 210 days. The long apical seta of the tarsus of leg I appears to be the most important structure possessing odor perception capability. All immature stages and the adult mite preferred nematodes to house fly eggs or larvae.

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN TABANIDÆ

Chrysops fulvistigma, n. sp—Female. Palpi yellowish, antennæ slender, first segment yellowish, slightly darker at apex, second and third segments brown, annulate portion nearly black. Face shining black, covered next the eyes and on the anterior parts of the cheeks with yellowish-gray pollen. Front yellowish-gray pollinose, callosity and region surronding the ocelli, shining black. Thorax dark, nearly black, with grayish pollen above, giving the impression of stripes before the suture; coxa, basal two-thirds of femur and base of tibia of anterior leg, and nearly the whole tibia and base of tarsus of middle leg, yellow; remainder of legs dark, nearly black. Wing alomost hyaline, costal margin from base to apex, and a narrow cross-band abbreviated behind pale brownish, stigma conspicuously brownish-yellow.