Target Threat Research Articles

Deterministic and Robust Optimization Approach for Single Artillery Unit Fire Scheduling Problem

In this study, deterministic and robust optimization models for single artillery unit fire scheduling are developed to minimize the total enemy threat to friendly forces by considering the enemy target threat level, enemy target destruction time, and target firing preparation time simultaneously. Many factors in war environments are uncertain. In particular, it is difficult to evaluate the threat levels of enemy targets definitively. We consider the threat level of an enemy target to be an uncertain parameter and propose a robust optimization model that minimizes the total enemy threat to friendly forces. The robust optimization model represents a semi-infinite problem that has infinitely many constraints. Therefore, we reformulate the robust optimization model into a tractable robust counterpart formulation with a finite number of constraints. In the robust counterpart formulation with cardinality-constrained uncertainty, the conservativeness and robustness of the solution can be adjusted with an uncertainty degree, Γ. Further, numerical experiments are conducted to verify that the robust counterpart formulation with cardinality-constrained uncertainty can be made equivalent to the deterministic optimization model and the robust counterpart formulation with box uncertainty by setting Γ accordingly.

Air target threat evaluation based on RS-TOPSIS

Air target threat evaluation based on RS-TOPSIS

Target Threat Assessment in Multi-object Multi-target Attack

With the rapid development of information, Air control command has become an inevitable trend in the development of Early Warning Aircraft. This leads to target threat assessment in multi-object multi-target. In this paper, the geometrical relationship of target, protected-object and Early Warning Aircraft be studied, and got the number of target threat factors by coordinate transforming. Then, according to principle of iteration, the synthetic target threat assessment of multi-object multi-target system is calculated by using the multi gray incidence analysis method. Example is given in the end for calculation. The result shows that the threat level evaluation algorithm presented in this paper is coincident with the actual situation, and easy to implement in engineering.

Target threat level assessment based on cloud model under fuzzy and uncertain conditions in air combat simulation

The good real-time performance and the accuracy of the target threat level assessment are very important in air combat simulation. In order to solve the problem of target threat level assessment caused by the fuzziness and uncertainty of battlefield information collection, the target threat assessment technology based on cloud model is proposed. Using fuzzy description, battlefield situation is expressed in many qualitative concepts, and then these qualitative concepts are expressed and processed using cloud model related theory, and through Bayes revision on the membership clouds obtained depending on experts' experience which evaluated qualitative concepts, the staff gauges clouds were obtained. Finally the cloud diagram of target threat assessment was obtained through battlefield situation information matching the staff gauges clouds, and threat level assessment was realized. The description of battlefield situation with qualitative concept and membership clouds achieve a good integration in fuzziness and uncertainty, which reflect fuzziness and uncertainty when obtain information in air combat. Qualitative and quantitative concepts descriptions do not need precision battlefield situation data in target threat level assessment using cloud model. An example was given to validate the target threat level assessment technology based on cloud model, and the results indicate that threat level assessment can be realized availably by this technology.

Target threat assessment using fuzzy sets theory

The threat evaluation is significant component in target classification process and is significant in military and non military applications. Small errors or mistakes in threat evaluation and target classification especial in military applications can result in huge damage of life and property. Threat evaluation helps in case of weapon assignment, and intelligence sensor support system. It is very important factor to analyze the behavior of enemy tactics as well as our surveillance. This paper represented a precise description of the threat evaluation process using fuzzy sets theory. A review has been carried out regarding which parameters that have been suggested for threat value calculation. For the first time in this paper, eleven parameters are introduced for threat evaluation so that this parameters increase the accuracy in designed system. The implemented threat evaluation system has been applied to a synthetic air defense scenario and four real time dynamic air defense scenarios. The simulation results show the correctness, accuracy, reliability and minimum errors in designing of threat evaluation system

UAV Formation Occupying Technology Research Collaborative

Combined with our aircraft combat capability, this paper aims at the unmanned aerial vehicles automatic attack process of single target, in accordance with the principle of maximum killing the enemy and establish the model of target threat based on the situation of two sides. According to the importance of our members, defense model, and the enemy motion trajectory with the threat model and the cooperative attack and defense model of pseudo tracking site, our cooperative tracking of pseudo trace point to obtain the best accounts for the site and to fight against the target. The simulation results show that, the occupied position is a rapid and effective method which could lead to the greatest degree of destroy to enemy aircraft.

A Firepower Assignment Method for Barragging the JDAM

In this paper, the development of Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) and the importance of firepower assignment are introduced, as well as the analysis on the bombing ways of JDAM. Consider the target threat level and comprehensive favorability about the targets distribution problem when taking barrage firing method to JDAM. It gets the optimal distribution of shooting based on example and data.

An application of DSmT in ontology-based fusion systems

The aim of this paper is to propose an ontology framework for preselected sensors due to the sensor networks' needs, regarding a specific task, such as the target's threat recognition. The problem will be solved methodologically, taking into account particularly non-deterministic nature of functions assigning the concept and the relation sets into the concept and relation lexicon sets respectively and vice-versa. This may effectively enhance the efficiency of the information fusion performed in sensor networks.

Research on Vague Set of Target Threat Information Fusion Algorithm

Information fusion technology is one of the most active research areas currently, which is affected by the fact that the computer can only handle quantitative information and the result cannot reflect the actual feature of the target sometimes. This paper makes use of advantages of the vague set in dealing with uncertain information process to establish the target threat sequencing model based on vague set and take both quantitative and qualitative information of target into account. Using the improved scoring function, this paper comes up with the target threat sequence steps based on extreme score function method to provide a better data supporting for the decision-making function of information fusion technology.

Research on Combined Weight of Target Threat Index of Information Fusion

To the characteristics of index weight, using minimal deviation method as the theoretical tools to create index portfolio weight optimization model. Using genetic algorithms to solve the optimal weight vector model which has the capability of global searching . Through example demonstrate, the right combination to get the weight vector of the model is more reasonable and scientific, and genetic algorithm process a simpler and easier way to understand than traditional methods.

基于改进支持向量机的目标威胁估计

On the basis of the characteristics of target threat assessment in information fusion, the weaknesses of traditional methods for target threat assessment and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were analyzed. By using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize the penalty parameter c and core function g in the SVM, a new target threat assessment model (PSO_SVM) was established and the PSO_SVM algorithm was achieved based on the model. To satisfy the requirements of PSO_SVM algorithm, data was preprocessed, including quantification and normalization. When cross-validation method was used to find the best parameters, the POD was used for network training. 75 group data were used in simulation experiments, among them 60 group data were train sets and the others were test sets. Experimental results show that the error of the PSO_SVM method is 0, reaching the desired goal, which proves the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Target Threat Assessment Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Choquet Integral

For the problem that threat assessment often has some uncertainty and the correlation exist among threat factors, a technique based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets Choquet integral is proposed with intuitionistic fuzzy sets and fuzzy integral being introduced into information fusion area. First, threat estimators based on different factors are constructed with intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory. The uncertainty of each estimator is represented with membership function and non-membership function. Then, the significances of the estimators are modeled with fuzzy measures. Subsequently, threat assessment results are obtained using Choquet integral. Finally, the proposed method is validated through the air combat threat assessment of 20 typical targets.

Wavelet Neural Network Using Multiple Wavelet Functions in Target Threat Assessment

Target threat assessment is a key issue in the collaborative attack. To improve the accuracy and usefulness of target threat assessment in the aerial combat, we propose a variant of wavelet neural networks, MWFWNN network, to solve threat assessment. How to select the appropriate wavelet function is difficult when constructing wavelet neural network. This paper proposes a wavelet mother function selection algorithm with minimum mean squared error and then constructs MWFWNN network using the above algorithm. Firstly, it needs to establish wavelet function library; secondly, wavelet neural network is constructed with each wavelet mother function in the library and wavelet function parameters and the network weights are updated according to the relevant modifying formula. The constructed wavelet neural network is detected with training set, and then optimal wavelet function with minimum mean squared error is chosen to build MWFWNN network. Experimental results show that the mean squared error is 1.23 × 10−3, which is better than WNN, BP, and PSO_SVM. Target threat assessment model based on the MWFWNN has a good predictive ability, so it can quickly and accurately complete target threat assessment.

Multi-attribute decision making method for air target threat evaluation based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets

Multi-attribute decision making method for air target threat evaluation based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets

정보 융합 기반 퍼지-베이지안 네트워크 공중 위협평가 방법

정보 기술의 발전과 더불어 전장상황에서도 정보 시스템들의 고도화가 이루어짐으로써 적기에 대한 정보 획득 및 상황분석은 전장상황에서 주요한 요소가 되었다. 전장상황 분석의 핵심 요소인 위협평가는 피아식별을 통해 식별된 항공 정보를 가지고 해당 상황에 대한 위협치를 평가하여 무기할당에 정보를 제공하는 기술로써, 전장상황의 어느 단계 보다 확실한 정보를 요구하는 단계이다. 전장상황에서 대부분의 위협평가 데이터들은 감지된 센서 값에 의해 연산되어 전달되는데, 기존의 기법들에서 발생할 수 있는 센서 데이터들의 잘못된 연관관계 표현 및 데이터 누락은 전장상황에서의 의사결정에 혼란을 야기 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 각종 센서 데이터들의 연관 관계를 올바르게 정의하고, 센서데이터 누락에 따른 예측 불가능한 전투상황에 대한 신뢰도 높은 위협치 연산 알고리즘을 이용하는 효율적인 의사결정 위협평가 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 JDL 정보 융합 모델을 기반으로 애매모호한 관계성을 표현하는데 유리한 퍼지 이론, 데이터 습득의 불확실한 전장상황에서 위협치를 추론하고 상황에 대한 학습이 가능한 베이지안 네트워크를 하이브리드하여 새로운 위협평가 방법을 제안한다. 또, 제안된 방법을 이용하여 가상의 전장 시나리오에 따른 위협평가 결과를 보였다. Threat Evaluation(TE) which has air intelligence attained by identifying friend or foe evaluates the target's threat degree, so it provides information to Weapon Assignment(WA) step. Most of TE data are passed by sensor measured values, but existing techniques(fuzzy, bayesian network, and so on) have many weaknesses that erroneous linkages and missing data may fall into confusion in decision making. Therefore we need to efficient Threat Evaluation system that can refine various sensor data's linkages and calculate reliable threat values under unpredictable war situations. In this paper, we suggest new threat evaluation system based on information fusion JDL model, and it is principle that combine fuzzy which is favorable to refine ambiguous relationships with bayesian network useful to inference battled situation having insufficient evidence and to use learning algorithm. Finally, the system's performance by getting threat evaluation on an air defense scenario is presented.

Evaluation for the Hypersonic Near-Space Target Threat Based on GRA-TOPSIS Model

From the need of antagonising the hypersonic near-space target (HNST), a multi-attribute evaluation method of HNST threat based on RAG-TOPSIS is proposed; the target attribute weights are dealt with using RAG; the grey state for people to understand the selection of attributes in the traditional TOPSIS is avoided and the confirming of the weights of target attributes is more scientific. The multi-attribute evaluation model of HNST’s threat is established, then the rationality and effectiveness of the method is verified by an example.

Cooperative threat assessment of multi-aircrafts based on synthetic fuzzy cognitive map

Threat assessment is one of the most important parts of the tactical decisions, and it has a very important influence on task allocation. An application of fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) for target threat assessment in the air combat is introduced. Considering the fact that the aircrafts participated in the cooperation may not have the same threat assessment mechanism, two different FCM models are established. Using the method of combination, the model of cooperative threat assessment in air combat of multi-aircrafts is established. Simulation results show preliminarily that the method is reasonable and effective. Using FCM for threat assessment is feasible.

A Model of Tactic Threat Assessment in PAAIS

The tactical situation assessment is the basis of Mission Planning, Emergency Action Planning, Firepower Assignment and Attack Ordering in PAAIS (Pilot Assistant Artificial Intelligent System). To take into account the current BVR (Beyond-Visual-Range) air combat threat assessment, we proposed a method which used the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) arithmetic to evaluate the air target threat. Compared to the other threat methods, this arithmetic has the characteristic of simple, computation fast, update expediently and so on. The simulation result indicated that it can respond quickly to the detected targets and satisfy the requirement of situation assessment in PAAIS.

Target Location and Accuracy Analysis in near Space Bistatic Radar

Monostatic surface wave radar is vulnerable by the threat of stealth targets and establishment of near space bistatic radar is the most achievable way to solve this problem. The positioning principle and accuracy in near space bistatic radar is discussed in this paper. The geometrical dilution of precision expression of single measurement subset is calculated. The position precision contours of measurement subsets are obtained and which subset can be chosen for positioning at different area is pointed out. Simulation results show that different subset has different position accuracy and a high accuracy subset distributing picture is presented. Research of this paper provides a theoretical base of detecting and tracking for near space bistatic radar.

Threat modeling-oriented attack path evaluating algorithm

In order to evaluate all attack paths in a threat tree, based on threat modeling theory, a weight distribution algorithm of the root node in a threat tree is designed, which computes threat coefficients of leaf nodes in two ways including threat occurring possibility and the degree of damage. Besides, an algorithm of searching attack path was also obtained in accordence with its definition. Finally, an attack path evaluation system was implemented which can output the threat coefficients of the leaf nodes in a target threat tree, the weight distribution information, and the attack paths. An example threat tree is given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithms.