Target Situation Research Articles

Target Situation Needs Analysis of English Language Skills Required by Syrians in the Arabian Gulf Area

The English language has always been a barrier facing Syrians who aim to find a better life and job opportunities in countries where English has excellent value. This research paper investigates and analyzes the linguistic skills needed by Syrians who are part of the field of business in the Arabian Gulf countries. The study utilizes a mixed-method approach for collecting data and analyzing it through a questionnaire and interviews. This research aims to specify the specific English language needs of Syrian students in countries where English is drastically needed for life and business to help design online English for Business course that aligns with those needs. The study aims to provide descriptive insights into the linguistic challenges faced by Syrian students and to propose recommendations for curriculum development in English for Business. The findings of this study can be useful for English language teachers, developers of curriculums, and policymakers.

Target Situation Analysis (TSA) To Examine The Expert Viewpoint About The Academic Writing Demands To Author A Research Thesis In Social Sciences: A Review Study In English For Academic Purposes

Target Situation Analysis (TSA) is used in this review study to investigate the expert opinion about the requirements for academic writing when producing a social science research thesis, specifically about English for Academic Purposes (EAP). According to Basturkmen (2010) and Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998), task-specific assessment (TSA) entails determining the particular tasks, abilities, and language requirements of students in the intended academic setting. This article focuses on the expectations of examiners in EAP, important academic norms for thesis writing, and linguistic and rhetorical elements that can help ESL students overcome obstacles. In order to fulfill the demands of ESL students doing social science research, this TSA intends to inform effective instructional approaches and support systems by reviewing the body of existing literature. These writing requirements were assessed using a systematic literature review methodology and a qualitative design. Themes including thesis writing, the function of the social sciences, academic expectations, and the flow and structure of the thesis were identified through thematic analysis of scholarly guides and studies. Important findings show that writing with precision, consistency, and clarity is still quite difficult, especially for non-native speakers. In order to produce high-quality theses, social science researchers need certain abilities including critical thinking and good communication in addition to language[1] competency. The results underscore the necessity of customized assistance, including focused writing training, mentorship, and peer evaluation, in order to improve research thesis quality in Pakistan and foster scholarly distinction. Future studies should concentrate on efficient teaching strategies, the influence of language ability on the caliber of theses, and the creation of assessment instruments to help students even more. By addressing these unmet requirements for academic writing in Pakistan, researchers will be better equipped to do excellent work that makes a significant contribution to their areas.

Adapting Reading Instruction to Meet the Needs of Nursing Students: Insights from a Targeted Educational Study

Developing Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and effective information transfer is crucial for nursing students, impacting their academic and professional competence. This study aims to identify the gaps in English reading materials used by nursing students at a Health Polytechnic, assessing their adequacy in supporting these critical cognitive skills. The research focused on 79 second-semester nursing students during the 2022/2023 academic year and employed a 25-item questionnaire to analyze target situations, deficiencies, current situations, and strategies. The results reveal that existing general English coursebooks need to meet the specialized needs of nursing education. Notably, these materials lack content that promotes HOTS and aids in information transfer, essential elements for nurturing the cognitive and professional skills required in nursing. The study underscores a significant need for more appropriate materials that support HOTS, highlighting the need for strategically revised material development. It is recommended that custom English reading materials integrating HOTS and effective information transfer techniques be developed to enhance comprehension and relevance in the nursing curriculum, thereby better preparing nursing students for their future roles.

Needs Analysis for University EFL Learners Majoring in Business English: A Scoping Review of Research and Practice

In the context of international economic integration, Business English (BE) has played an increasingly significant role in business settings because BE is considered as a global communicative means, helping business transactions happen effectively among economies all over the world. In Vietnam, BE has been used more and more in trade transactions because Vietnam’s economy has explosively developed and Vietnam has expanded its international trade relations over the last ten years. The aim of the paper is to analyze and synthesize the needs analysis for EFL learners majoring in Business English globally. The results of the paper help higher education in Vietnam see the importance of needs analysis in ESP, needs analysis approaches, theoretical frameworks including target situation analysis (TSA), present situation analysis (PSA), learning situation analysis (LSA), then evaluate existing materials or coursebooks and adapt to create better universities’ curricula to meet the linguistic requirements in the workplaces in Vietnam.

English Proficiency Requirement for Improving Global Real Estate Business Program

This paper looks at both the felt (present situation) and perceived needs (target situation) English communication needs of Korean university students enrolled in the Global Real Estate Business program which uses English only as medium of instruction. Data was gathered using 8-item questionnaire composed of scales, checklists, and open-ended questions. Statistical and interpretive approaches were used to analyze the profile of the respondents, identify the both the present situation and target situation English communication needs of the students to inform possible program evaluation. Based on the study conducted, it was found that of the four communication skills in English, the respondents consider ‘listening’ as the most used, most practiced, most important, but most difficult. This study is important for the Global Real Estate Business Program teachers to consider, so that they can device ways on how listening comprehension can be improved. Also, the list of Global real estate business related skills and vocabulary focus will inform the teachers of which to emphasize and focus so that their classes will be able to better address what actual communication needs their learners feel are most important. In the future, it will continue to be necessary to manage practical global real estate business programs while continuously improving basic English skills, focusing on listening, to enable students to perform classes taught only in English.

Needs Analysis for University EFL Learners Majoring in Business English: A Scoping Review of Research and Practice

In the context of international economic integration, Business English (BE) has played an increasingly significant role in business settings because BE is considered as a global communicative means, helping business transactions happen effectively among economies all over the world. In Vietnam, BE has been used more and more in trade transactions because Vietnam’s economy has explosively developed and Vietnam has expanded its international trade relations over the last ten years. The aim of the paper is to analyze and synthesize the needs analysis for EFL learners majoring in Business English globally. The results of the paper help higher education in Vietnam see the importance of needs analysis in ESP, needs analysis approaches, theoretical frameworks including target situation analysis (TSA), present situation analysis (PSA), learning situation analysis (LSA), then evaluate existing materials or coursebooks and adapt to create better universities’ curricula to meet the linguistic requirements in the workplaces in Vietnam.

Joint waveform design and resource allocation strategy for cognitive radar target situation awareness

AbstractTraditional radar systems use fixed patterns and constant electromagnetic wave transmission to illuminate targets, but they often do not effectively use prior information about targets and consume significant radar resources. Cognitive radar has emerged as a way to improve resource efficiency and address these shortcomings. A joint waveform design and resource allocation strategy for cognitive radar that incorporates target situational awareness is proposed. This method integrates the interacting multiple model algorithm and the Unscented Kalman Particle Filter to achieve target situation awareness as prior knowledge. By combining the target attitude and the frequency response function of the target radar cross section at different time points in the prior knowledge, a joint beam control and power allocation strategy is formulated and transformed into an optimization problem. In addition, a cognitive pulse‐to‐pulse frequency agile waveform design method is proposed to support multiple target tracking under complex motion models. Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in obtaining accurate target situation information, achieving beam control, and optimizing power allocation. The designed waveforms can enhance radar target detection performance and improve low probability of intercept characteristics by adjusting the pulse repetition interval. This method has significant technical value.

Teaching English for Tourism in order to Cater to the Specific Requirements of English majors at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade

This study looks at what students need in English for tourism classes at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT). It shows that there are three ways to do a needs analysis: target situation analysis(TSA), present situation analysis(PSA), and holistic analysis. As part of this study, the author polled 180 students online to find out what HUIT English majors need for their English for tourism learning. The results show that the students think they need to work on being able to communicate better in English and learning more about tourism. They plan to include more project work to give students more chances to use the language in real life. The results from this study can be used to modify the present ESP courses to meet the needs of students learning English for tourism at HUIT.

Influence of the design of 3D-printed indirect bonding trays and experience of the clinician on the accuracy of bracket placement.

The aim was to investigate the influence of three different three-dimensional (3D)-printed bonding tray designs and professional experience on accuracy of indirect bracket placement. Virtual bracket placement was performed on ascanned dental model using OnyxCeph software (Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany). Three different designs for indirect bonding trays (open, semi-open, and closed design) were created and produced using a3D printer. To analyze the influence of professional experience, one of the three tray designs was produced twice. In this case, bracket placement was performed by an inexperienced dentist. Bracket positions were scanned after the indirect bonding procedure. Linear and angular transfer errors were measured. Significant differences between the target and actual situation were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 test. All bonding tray designs resulted in comparable results. The results of the unexperienced dentist showed significantly higher deviations than those for the experienced orthodontist in the torque direction. However, the mean values were comparable. The open tray design exceeded the clinically acceptable limits of 0.25 mm and 1° more often. The inexperienced dentist exceeded these limits significantly more often than the experienced orthodontist in the vertical and torque direction. The immediate bracket loss rate showed no significant differences between the different tray designs. Significantly more bracket losses were observed for the inexperienced dentist during the procedure compared to the experienced orthodontist. The bonding tray design and professional experience had an influence on the exceedance of clinically relevant limits of positioning accuracy and on the bracket loss rate.

Planning Purposeful Activities Autonomous Intelligent Robot with Knowledge Update in Short-Term Memory

The main problems associated with the creation of autonomous intelligent robots capable of performing various complex tasks in a priori undescribed unstable problematic environments, based on the processing of knowledge presented in an abstract way, are outlined. To store typical elements of an abstract knowledge representation model, the article recommends using long-term and short-term memory. Long-term memory with associative search and data retrieval is designed to permanently store information necessary for planning a variety of purposeful activities that provide the robot with the ability to solve various complex behavioral tasks. In short-term memory, submodels of knowledge representation are entered from long-term memory, which are necessary for solving the current task of a certain type in the short term, related to the fulfillment of the task formulated for the autonomous intelligent robot. At the same time, with each change in the type of the current task of behavior being solved by an autonomous intelligent robot, a corresponding update of knowledge stored in short-term memory is simultaneously carried out. Original constructions of typical elements of the model for representing abstract knowledge in the form of various behavioral skills, set regardless of a particular subject area, have been developed. This approach to building a knowledge representation model allows autonomous intelligent robots to adapt to the current operating conditions and, on this basis, organize purposeful activities in complex unstable problematic environments. Various tools and rules for processing abstract knowledge are proposed, which endow autonomous intelligent robots with the ability to eliminate the differences between the current and target situation of the problem environment both in terms of the values of structurally equivalent relations of the same name in them, and in the current states of objects in the environment. This, in turn, makes it possible to create intelligent problem solvers for autonomous intelligent robots for various purposes, capable of performing complex tasks in unstable a priori uncertain conditions of a problematic environment.

Consistency of quality management contours for the development of industrial enterprises on the basis of target contour planning

To solve the problem of the qualitative development of industrial enterprises, which lies in the inconsistency of the contours of the quality of the development of the scientific task. The article proposes a methodical approach to the planning of the consistency of the contours of the quality management of the development of industrial enterprises based on the planning of the target contour based on the three-level system model and the means of multifactor modeling, the use of which will allow the management of the industrial enterprise to monitor the state of achievement/failure to achieve the planned development goals and timely identify the cause of this phenomenon during the normal process of management coordination, destabilization and recovery. As a result of modeling and simulation experiments, a bank of levels of operations for various purposes and source data is obtained. The obtained sets of action sequences can be used as "road maps" in case of a real critical situation. The proposed approach can be used to develop options for future plans for qualitative development of the enterprise by setting a target situation for a certain future moment in time and finding a sequence of intermediate situations of qualitative development of the enterprise, which leads to setting a goal.

A GRU-Based Model for Detecting Common Accidents of Construction Workers.

Fall accidents in the construction industry have been studied over several decades and identified as a common hazard and the leading cause of fatalities. Inertial sensors have recently been used to detect accidents of workers in construction sites, such as falls or trips. IMU-based systems for detecting fall-related accidents have been developed and have yielded satisfactory accuracy in laboratory settings. Nevertheless, the existing systems fail to uphold consistent accuracy and produce a significant number of false alarms when deployed in real-world settings, primarily due to the intricate nature of the working environments and the behaviors of the workers. In this research, the authors redesign the aforementioned laboratory experiment to target situations that are prone to false alarms based on the feedback obtained from workers in real construction sites. In addition, a new algorithm based on recurrent neural networks was developed to reduce the frequencies of various types of false alarms. The proposed model outperforms the existing benchmark model (i.e., hierarchical threshold model) with higher sensitivities and fewer false alarms in detecting stumble (100% sensitivity vs. 40%) and fall (95% sensitivity vs. 65%) events. However, the model did not outperform the hierarchical model in detecting coma events in terms of sensitivity (70% vs. 100%), but it did generate fewer false alarms (5 false alarms vs. 13).

EAP Course Design: A Need Analysis on Digital Business Students in Business Technology Institute of Riau (ITBR)

This research helps determine the necessary requirements to strengthen a design of an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course in the context of English as a foreign language, particularly in Indonesia, especially despite its marginal status in higher education curricula by exploring EAP student needs, specifically in the Digital Business department at the Institute of Digital Business Technology Riau (ITBR). Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research utilizes questionnaires and an interview guide to gather data from students, the head, and English instructor in the department in order to identify student needs through 1) target situation analysis, 2) discourse analysis, 3) present situation analysis, 4) learner factor analysis, and 5) teaching factor analysis. The findings reveal that the last four aspects of the needs analysis are evenly distributed, showing a total percentage of 21% of the overall percentage students' needs, indicating that students require authentic materials for the development of their skills and language components, they need proficient language skills, they also require motivation, varied teaching methods and learning environments, and they need appropriate classroom management. In contrast, the target situation analysis accounts for 16% of the overall percentage, mainly due to the differing perceptions between students, department chairs, and teaching staff. In conclusion, students in the Digital Business department have specific needs accompanied by high motivation, which supports their attainment of good communication skills in their field, emphasizing the importance of aligning perceptions regarding the needs in developing an EAP course to achieve EAP learning objectives.

Challenges and Predicaments in Teaching “English for Science” in an ESP Classroom: A Research Study to Pinpoint Problems and Solutions

The age-old methods of English Language Teaching (ELT) have been taken over by new approaches of language teaching which quest for relevance and reality in a language. This quest and the demand for novel trends give rise to the English for Specific Purpose (ESP). ESP is an approach to delivering content knowledge and equipping the learners to perform effectively in a target situation. This study aims to investigate the challenges and the obstacles in the English for Science classroom at King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This paper explains the historical overview of ESP and suitable methods of teaching ESP courses. A quantitative research methodology has been applied to obtain data from 20 English language teachers who have been teaching English for Science for the past five years or more on different Science campuses at KKU. The detailed analysis of the data reveals that there are numerous crises and issues faced by the ESP teachers. The most common of them is motivation on the part of the students, constructive prerequisite courses, lack of learning skills, and an interactive classroom. The researchers have explored these challenges in detail and finally suggested some guidelines to overcome the crises.

NEEDS ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT STUDENTS USING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

In order to further comprehend the demands of students studying information systems while learning English, this study presents relevant facts. The focus of this research is investigating the students’ responses to the questions in sections 1) present situation analysis, 2) target situation analysis, and 3) learning needs. The design of this research is a survey using an integrated method. The sample of this research was 10 out of 53 second-year information systems students selected randomly. An online questionnaire survey was used in this study to gather data. Using a quantitative methodology, outcomes analysis was completed. The study's findings demonstrate the importance of English for future career support and competency enhancement. Students require more cutting-edge and visible audio-visual teaching techniques because of this.

Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Mathematical Support of the Shooting Range Special Effects

The article describes mathematical tools and algorithms for preparing for a shooting exercise with selection of a combat scenario and setting the parameters of the shooting range (special effects) for the optical-electronic shooting simulator 'Inhibitor' developed at Institute of mechanics UdmFRC UB RAS and at Computer facilities department of Kalashnikov ISTU jointly with JSC 'Kalashnikov' Concern'. The tactical and technical task for displaying various types of shooting ranges (steppe, wooded, mountain and urban) is given, taking into account the season (summer/autumn/winter/spring) and time of the day (morning/day/evening/night) with possible illumination of the area at night and support for the 'atmospheric effect' by reducing contrast and possibly of fog with precipitation (rain/snow). As a result of the work done, all the problems are solved using the gamma function and other image transformations outside the main cycle of animation of the target environment. When choosing a shooting exercise scenario, one can combine two features for different types of weapons and execute them simultaneously at different workplaces, one can view and edit the script and configure parameters (for example, disable the random location of targets or group them at short range, change the order of display, allow special combat effects and active behavior of targets, set air temperature and pressure and wind speed, etc.). A gamma function study was carried out to change the time of day of the shooting range image and models of the application of fog (translucency) and precipitation (ripples images). The literature review confirms the promise of further research and development of electronic rifle simulators through the improvement of computing tools and the development of software libraries with the aim of improving the accuracy of simulating a shooting range and flexible adjustment of both atmospheric and combat parameters of training exercises. It is necessary to constantly expand the possibilities of realism of the target situation and reduce the cost, which means to increase the competitiveness of electronic shooting simulators.

Das Allgemeine und das Individuelle beim Übersetzen von technischen Fachtexten: ausgewählte Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts

As technology and civilisation progress, the communication of technical data is gradually shifting away from the domain of specialists in the field. Automotive technology, the subject of the research project described below, can be seen as an example of this. Motor vehicles, regardless of their power sources, are consolidating its position as the second most expensive type of consumer goods after real estate. It is just one of the reasons for its importance. Vehicles with one, two or more engines have always had to be as efficient as possible. This also applies to the communication processes involved. This state of affairs entails the avoidance of redundant messages and the use of technical terms that lead to all participants in the communication process wanting to call the same thing by a given technical word. What this means is the existence of a vocabulary that is as uniform as possible, lemmatised in technical dictionaries and accepted by specialists in the field. The following article refers to a study in which an attempt was made to check how the target situation outlined above compares with the actual situation, i.e. the current state of affairs. In the context of the translation process, an analysis was made not only of the translations, but also of the process that led to their production. This gave the translator a central position.

The Recurring Issue of Aviation English Test Validity: Echoes from Test-takers and Assessors of the English for Aviation Language Testing System in Algeria

The English for Aviation Language Testing System (EALTS) is one of the international tests for pilots wishing to operate in international airspace. This test presents a wide range of difficulties for Algerian pilots, but little research has been conducted to estimate its validity. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) What are test-takers perspectives on the EALTS test construct? and (2) What is the assessors' perception of the testing procedure and test validity? A descriptive study was conducted using qualitative data from a semi-structured questionnaire for ten pilots and a semi-structured interview for three certified assessors and four university researchers. The authors used 'first-hand' data from the targeted sample to cross-check results' validity through triangulation. The results show specific difficulties from an affective dimension, such as stress and anxiety caused by inefficient preparation and unfamiliarity with test tasks. A different interpretation of ICAO descriptions using the rating scale is another issue noted by assessors. Additionally, technical issues with the computer-based listening test and non-compliant features of the test contents with features of the target situation language use are among the main issues noted by both test-takers and assessors.

Bearing‐only motion analysis of target based on low‐quality bearing‐time recordings map

AbstractAccurate bearing‐time recordings play a crucial role in hydroacoustic target motion analysis and situation estimation. The target bearing estimated by vector hydrophone in the interference environment suffers from poor display and low signal‐to‐noise ratio. To solve this problem, a two‐stage bearing‐only motion analysis method is proposed. Firstly, the bearing peak information and bearing dispersion are extracted for each sampling moment of the bearing‐time recording. Custom constraint regions and adaptive parameters are then set based on this information. The order truncate average algorithm is improved to enhance the quality of the low‐quality bearing‐time recording map. Secondly, a bearing‐only target motion model is established based on the bearing‐time recording distribution features, and a bearing‐time recording trust interval is constructed. Then a modified pseudo‐linear estimation algorithm is proposed to solve the target motion situation information, including target abeam time, target abeam bearing, target course, velocity‐to‐initial‐distance ratio, and so forth. Finally, by comparing the solved values of the sea trial data with the automatic identification system calculation results, the enhancement effect of the target bearing‐time recording map is significant and the solving error of the target motion elements meets the needs of engineering applications.

A DECADE OF PROGRESS IN TOPO-BATHYMETRIC LASER SCANNING EXEMPLIFIED BY THE PIELACH RIVER DATASET

Abstract. Topo-bathymetric laser scanning featuring high spatial resolution and a seamless transition within the littoral zone from land to water evolved considerably in the last decade due to progress in both sensor technology and processing methods. Unlike early systems that focused solely on maximizing depth of penetration, topo-bathymetric scanners enable detailed description of coastal and inland waters at a level of detail that opens up applications in hydromorphology, hydraulic engineering, ecohydraulics, and hydrobiology. Since 2013, a near-natural river section of the pre-alpine Pielach River has been repeatedly surveyed with bathymetric LiDAR sensors from manned and unmanned aerial platforms. The captured time series not only constitutes a valuable data basis for analyzing morphometric change in response to recurring flood peaks, but also allows to trace the progress in sensor, platform and data processing technology. In this contribution we demonstrate that over the last ten years, the depth performance could be increased by approximately 60 %, starting from 1 Secchi depths to more than 2 Secchi depths with sub-m spatial resolution. We furthermore focus on current approaches for improving the geometric sensor calibration, which allow integrated processing of GNSS-, IMU- and LiDAR observations for concurrent calculation of both flight trajectories and 3D point clouds with an absolute accuracy better than 5 cm. This is specifically important for repeat surveys and monitoring of fluvial processes. While this contribution confirms substantial progress in the field, further topics like precise modeling of dynamic water surfaces, full waveform processing in complex target situations including littoral vegetation and submerged deadwood, and detection and modeling of underwater vegetation are identified as future research areas.