Target Product Research Articles

Tailoring CO2 Adsorption Configuration with Spatial Confinement Switches Electroreduction Product from Formate to Acetate.

Multi-proton-coupled electron transfer, multitudinous intermediates, and unavoidable competing hydrogen evolution reaction during CO2 electroreduction make it tricky to control high selectivity for specific products. Here, we present spatial confinement of Fe single atoms (FeN2S2) by adjacent FeS clusters (Fe4S4) to orientate the transition of CO2 adsorption configuration from C,O-side to O-end, which triggers a shift of activated CO2 from first-step protonation to C-C coupling, thus switching the target product from HCOOH in high Faraday efficiency (FE: 90.6%) on FeN2S2 to CH3COOH (FE: 82.3%) on Fe4S4/FeN2S2. The adsorption strength of *OCHO upon the solitary FeN2S2 site is linearly related to the coordination number of Fe-S, with HCOOH predominantly produced over single-atom FeN2S2 (ortho-substituted S atoms). Fe4S4 cluster functions as a switch for a specific reduction product, which can not only optimize the spatial and electronic structure of the neighboring FeN2S2 but also impel complete reduction of CO2 to the hydrocarbon intermediate *CH3, followed by coupling of CO2* and *CH3 via the single-atom cluster synergistic catalysis of Fe4S4/FeN2S2. This spatial confinement strategy provides a new avenue to modulate the reactant adsorption model for desirable reaction pathways, with potential applications in diverse multistep electrochemical processes of controlled selectivity.

Pricing Strategy for Crowdsourced Delivery Service Platform Considering Demand Heterogeneity: Subscription or Pay-Per-Transaction

Subscription pricing strategies are increasingly adopted by crowdsourcing delivery platforms, allowing subscribers to pay a fixed upfront fee for unlimited future services. This paper explores the impact of demand heterogeneity and transaction costs on the comparison between subscription pricing and pay-per-transaction pricing. We construct and solve models to obtain optimal service prices, delivery commissions, and profits under both strategies. Our findings indicate that the subscription strategy is more effective at attracting consumers compared to the pay-per-transaction strategy. Specifically, the subscription strategy can lower commission rates and reduce the number of deliverers required, while generating higher surplus for both consumers and deliverers when transaction costs are high. Moreover, the subscription strategy maintains a profit advantage when demand heterogeneity is low and transaction costs are high. This study offers valuable insights into pricing decisions, strategy selection, and operational performance optimization, aiding delivery service platforms in better targeting consumers and products.

Implementation Of Standard Minute Value (SMV) to Achieve Bra Production Target at PT Globalindo Intimates

Standard Minute Value (SMV) is a method for measuring the standard time for completion of a production process in achieving production targets in accordance with a predetermined plan. In this research, analysis related to SMV was carried out at PT Globalindo Intimates, which is a garment industry manufacturing company whose products are underwear or women's underwear. This research aims to determine the strategies and challenges in implementing SMV to achieve bra production targets. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the research that has been carried out, the strategy used to implement SMV can be in the form of research to determine the level of difficulty in the production process and observation to see problems in the production process because each type of bra has a different level of difficulty. Factors that cause production targets to not be achieved are unplanned absences, operator skills, machine problems, and human error.

Pathway to sustainable consumption and production: The role of climate-related development finance, digitalization, and financial development on material productivity and energy intensity of developing countries

Improving material productivity (MP) and energy intensity (EI) is a crucial tool for sustainable consumption and production targets of SDGs. However, the diverse effects of climate-related development finance (CDF), digital infrastructure (DI), and financial development (FD) on MP and EI in developing countries (DCs) remain underexplored. Therefore, employing the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) approach, this study examines the heterogeneous effects of CDF, DI, and FD on MP and EI across 87 DCs from 2000 to 2020. Also, the effects of CDF and DI on MP and EI are explored, considering the FD heterogeneity. The results imply that CDF, FD, and DI have beneficial effects on MP and energy efficiency (EE). Specifically, DCs with the higher distribution of MP benefit more from CDF and FD, with CDF coefficients rising from 0.004 to 0.019 across quantiles and FD estimates increasing from 0.224 to 0.391 from medium to the higher quantile. Conversely, DCs with lower EI benefit more from CDF and FD, as indicated by the coefficients of CDF and FD, ranging from −0.017 to −0.012 from 20th to 80th quantile and −0.569 to −0.233 from 40th to 60th quantile, respectively. Besides, DCs with higher distribution of MP and EI drive more gain from DI improvement. Besides, the effects of CDF and DI are influenced by variations in FD. These findings have vital implications for developing prudent financial and digitalization policies to promote MP and EE in DCs, congruent with SDG-7.3, SDG-8.4, and SDG-12.2 for improving energy and resource efficiency and management.

Electrospun WO3/TiO2 Core–Shell Nanowires for Triethylamine Gas Sensing

In this work, WO3/TiO2 core–shell (C-S) nanowires (NWs) were successfully synthesized by the coaxial electrospinning method and subsequent high-temperature calcination treatment. After some microscopic structural characterizations, although the prepared WO3–TiO2 and TiO2–WO3 C-S NWs displayed quite different surface morphologies, both of the shell coatings were uniform and their typical shell thicknesses were extremely close, with mean values of 22 and 20 nm, respectively. In gas sensing tests, WO3/TiO2 C-S NWs exhibited good selectivity towards triethylamine (TEA) without significant interfering gases. Compared with bare WO3 and TiO2 NWs, WO3/TiO2 C-S NWs showed better gas sensing performance. Specifically, the optimal operating temperature and response of TiO2–WO3 C-S NWs to 100 ppm TEA were 130 °C and 106, which were reduced by 70 °C and increased by 5.73 times compared to bare WO3, respectively. Obviously, the C-S nanostructures contributed to improving the gas sensing performance of materials towards TEA. Finally, some hypothetical sensing mechanisms were proposed, which were expected to have important reference significance for the design of target products applied to TEA sensing.

Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Screening of New N-Substituted -8-Methyl-4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone -3-Carboxamides as Potential Anticancer Agents

Introduction: A new series of 4-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives has been synthesized in good yields, followed by complete characteri-zation using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and IR techniques. Methods: The final products contain amide, hydroxyl, and aromatic functional groups that usu-ally show significant bioactivity. The target products have been examined towards three cancer cell lines, namely colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and leukemia cell line (K562) in addition to the fibroblast cells, that were used as a model for normal human tissue. Results: The anticancer results signified that compound 6 showed the most activity in the series accomplished with IC50 values of 14.6, 5.3 and 12.8 μM, Conclusion: Other compounds exhibited considerable activity, such as compounds 9 (IC50 3.5 and 19.0 μM), 10 (IC50 12.6 μM), and 11 (IC50 10.3 μM) against the three cancer cell lines HCT116, MCF-7 and K562, respectively.

Rational design and analytical characterization of self-assembling poly(N‑isopropylacrylamide) and poly(2‑alkyl‑2‑oxazoline) hyaluronic acid copolymers.

In this study, we applied a systematic approach to establish an iterative workflow and to drive the chemical design of thermosensitive, in situ forming injectables as a function of the intended target product profile. Self-assembly, mechanical properties, physical state, and thermal transition behavior were assessed via nuclear magnetic resonance, oscillatory rheology, turbidimetry and visual inspection techniques. Thus, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx)s with LCSTs below body temperature were studied before and after grafting them onto azido-substituted hyaluronic acid (HA) via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). Ultimately, we identified critical material attributes able to guide the pharmaceutical development of in situ gelling thermosensitive polymers.

The Potential of Quality Target Product Profile in the Optimization of Nanoemulsions

The application of Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) in optimizing nanoemulsion (NEM) shows immense potential in advancing pharmaceutical formulation design for effective drug delivery. By aligning QTPP with nanoemulsion attributes, this approach offers a pathway to tailored formulations that meet specific therapeutic objectives and responses. Incorporating QTPP facilitates informed choices in formulating design, covering pivotal factors like stability, drug release kinetics, bioavailability, and precise targeting. Moreover, this review extensively explores the real-world application of QTPP-guided tactics in refining nanoemulsion optimization. It highlights their pivotal role in anticipating and regulating <i>in vivo</i> responses, encompassing vital aspects like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. By conducting thorough examinations of case studies and research outcomes, this article clarifies the effectiveness of aligning QTPP criteria with NEM characteristics. This approach fosters the creation of customized formulations precisely suited to achieve distinct therapeutic objectives. This review amalgamates contemporary insights into harnessing QTPP for nanoemulsion optimization, illuminating its capacity to streamline formulation design, amplify treatment effectiveness by desiring drug release, and catalyze transformative shifts in pharmaceutical research.

Xanthan gum: Secondary raw materials for biosynthesis, isolation and application

The inevitable consequence of population growth is the development of agriculture and food production, which in turn has an impact on the volumes of secondary raw materials production. The processing of these materials can present significant challenges. One of the most effective solutions to this problem is the use of microbiological synthesis to create products with high added value. A notable example is xanthan gum, a biopolymer that has been utilized in a multitude of industries, including food, oil, pharmaceutical, and medicine. The value of xanthan gum is contingent upon its distinctive physicochemical properties, particularly its capacity to enhance the viscosity of solutions. The process of obtaining xanthan gum is conducted through the fermentation of liquid high-carbon media. The primary producer is the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, a phytopathogen of cruciferous plants, which converts carbohydrates into a biopolymer of commercial value. This literature review examines several topics related to xanthan gum and its synthesis by X. campestris, with particular attention paid to the success of obtaining the target product using food production waste and secondary agricultural raw materials.

An automatic recognition of target product and multiparameter collaborative regulation-based machine learning framework for dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation catalysts optimization and prediction

An automatic recognition of target product and multiparameter collaborative regulation-based machine learning framework for dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation catalysts optimization and prediction

Pyrrolizine- and Indolizine-Derived Spirooxindoles: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Inverse Docking Analysis

Spirooxindoles are a family of heterocyclic compounds which bear the oxindole nucleus in their structures, which have a considerable pharmaceutical potential and which have been linked to various drugs for the treatment of diverse diseases. In this work, a wide variety of spirooxindoles bearing a pyrrolizinic nucleus were obtained by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between substituted isatins, trans-3-benzoyl acrylic acid and L-proline. In this approach, the target products 9a–m were obtained in 40–86% yields under heating to reflux in methanol over 2 h. Similarly, spirooxindoles containing an indolizinic nucleus 11a–j were obtained in 45–69% yields by switching L-proline for pipecolic acid under heating to reflux in acetonitrile for 8 h. The antibacterial activity of the obtained products was evaluated against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and N. gonorrhoeae, also including an inverse docking analysis. Results show that 9f and 11i, were the most active compounds against S. aureus, while compounds 9d and 9m displayed the higher activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Inverse docking analysis showed that compounds 9b, 11a 11e, and 11i displayed high affinity to the target protein 6TYM and 7Q6S, which are involved in biological pathways of diverse cancer and Parkinson diseases.

The study of natural convection with decay heat source in an open horizontal neutron production target

The study of natural convection with decay heat source in an open horizontal neutron production target

In Silico Identification of Antimicrobial Sequences of Rainbow Trout Brain Proteins in the Context of Aquaculture Waste Recycling.

Aquaculture is one of the main sources of fish products and ensures their sustainable growth on the global scale, exceeding industrial fishing. At the same time, integrated processing of aquaculture by-products is an important environmental and industrial problem. Valuable biological components might be found in fish processing wastes left after manufacturing the target products (fillet, offal, etc.). In particular, antimicrobial peptides that exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity are expressed in fish. A first exploratory analysis of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss brain proteins was performed to identify the theoretical antimicrobial patterns. More than half of the identified proteins were predicted to have antimicrobial regions. The proteins included histones, vitellogenin, collagen, etc. The results may be of interest for designing drugs based on peptides active against various pathogens. The field is of importance in view of the increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms.

Synthesis, antibacterial and anticancer activity of azo-based and aminomethylene derivatives of cyclic β-keto sulfones.

Herein we describe efficient and cost-effective synthesis of azo-based and aminomethylene derivatives of cyclic β-keto sulfones, specifically, 4,4-disubstituted (E)-2-(2-phenylhydrazineylidene)dihydrothiophen-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxides and 4,4-disubstituted (E)-2-((methylamino)methylene)dihydrothiophen-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxides. The azo-based derivatives were prepared through the azo coupling of cyclic β-keto sulfones with aromatic diazonium acetates, in situ prepared by diazotization of appropriate substituted amino benzenes. The aminomethylene derivatives were synthesized through the condensation of cyclic β-keto sulfones with DMF-DMA followed by a transamination reaction with primary amines. The target products were obtained in good yields and their structure was unambiguously established based on NMR spectra data, X-ray diffraction study, and DFT calculations. These compounds were designed as cost-effective and multitarget biologically active compounds. Further in vitro study showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line without affecting non-malignant cells MAEC. The molecular docking study confirmed good binding affinity of the studied compounds for DHPS, crucial for the bacterial life cycle and for CLK4 and IDO1, which are the therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.

Increasing Coal Crushing Production at PT. XYZ Using Lean Six Sigma Approach

Coal is a primary energy source in Indonesia, particularly for steam power plants (PLTU). The coal crushing process at PT. XYZ is a critical stage in coal mining operations; however, the company faces operational challenges that hinder the achievement of production targets. This study aims to identify the main issues, analyze factors affecting productivity, and design effective improvement solutions. The methodology used is DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). In the Define phase, process mapping and waste identification were conducted. The Measure phase utilized a Pareto diagram to determine key issues. Root cause analysis using the 5 Why's method was performed in the Analyze phase. In the Improve phase, solutions were designed through Future State Mapping, while in the Control phase a Kanban Board for monitoring. The results show that Year-to-Date coal crushing production as of October 2024 reached 9.9 million MT, or 94% of the 10.56 million MT target, representing a 139% increase compared to October 2023, which only reached 7.2 million MT.

Optogenetic control of transgene expression in Marchantia polymorpha

AbstractPremiseThe model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is an emerging testbed species for plant metabolic engineering but lacks well‐characterized inducible promoters, which are necessary to minimize biochemical and physiological disruption when over‐accumulating target products. Here, we demonstrate the functionality of the light‐inducible plant‐usable light‐switch elements (PULSE) optogenetic system in Marchantia and exemplify its use through the light‐inducible overproduction of the bioplastic poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB).MethodsThe PULSE system was used to drive expression of luciferase as a reporter and characterize its induction in transgenic M. polymorpha. Additionally, PULSE was used to drive expression of the PHB biosynthetic pathway; the accumulation of PHB under light‐inducible control was compared to constitutive overexpression.ResultsPULSE was fully functional and minimally leaky in M. polymorpha. The presence of the PULSE construct, even in the absence of induction, resulted in a developmental phenotype. Constitutive and inducible expression resulted in similar PHB accumulation levels.DiscussionPHB biosynthesis in plants is known to adversely affect plant health, but placing its production under optogenetic control alleviated negative effects on biomass accumulation in some instances. The work presented here represents a significant expansion of the toolbox for the metabolic engineering of M. polymorpha.

A study on the production of extracellular vesicles derived from novel immortalized human placental mesenchymal stromal cells

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are not only involved in cell-to-cell communications but have other functions as “garbage bags”, as bringing nutrients to cells, and as inducing mineral during bone formation and ectopic calcification. These minuscule entities significantly contribute to the regulation of bodily functions. However, the clinical application of EVs faces challenges due to limited production yield and targeting efficiency. In our study, we propose a method for efficiently harvesting EVs utilizing simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) immortalized human placental chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells (CMSCs). We investigated immortalized placental chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells (imCMSCs), a stromal cell line that surpasses the growth limitations of primary passage cells while retaining phenotypic characteristics and differentiation potential. This development offers the prospect of a consistent, uniform source of EVs, which is essential for regenerative medicine. Our findings indicate that the immortalization process preserves the particle size, quantity and surface marker profiles of EVs, providing a possible approach to produce high-yield EVs suitable for disease diagnosis and treatment.

A Multi‐component Reaction of Hexafluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with N‐Heterocycles and Active Methylene Compounds: A Straightforward Approach to Polyfluorinated Zwitterions

For the first time, multi‐component condensation of hexafluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with nitrogen‐containing heterocycles and active methylene compounds was studied. It was shown that the aforementioned process leads to the formation of a previously undescribed type of zwitterionic derivatives. Based on the results, a general one‐step method for preparation of polyfluorinated pyridine‐containing betaines was developed. Advantages of the proposed synthetic protocol are atom economy, readily available starting materials and simple isolation of target products without chromatographic purification. The obtained zwitterions were utilized as precursors for the preparation of new fluorinated polycyclic compounds: pyrido[1,2‐a]indole‐6,11‐diones and naphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones.

Volitional Control of Chewing Frequency Affects Food Oral Processing and Texture Perception.

Although varieties in chewing patterns are essential for the transformation of food in mouth and thereby its sensorial perception, there are few reports that show the effect of chewing frequency on food oral processing and its properties. The current study tested whether consciously controlled chewing frequency influences the oral processing of habitually consumed foods and their sensory analysis. Chewing behaviour was analysed during the mastication of mushed potato samples by 20 participants in two separate test sessions, in which they were instructed to chew the sample in their habitual manner (free chewing test) or follow a preprogrammed video animation displayed on a screen, wich guided them to maintain a constant chewing frequency (F-const chewing test). Electromyography recording, sensory tests and rheological analysis of bolus properties were performed. Oral processing in the F-const chewing test required longer chewing time due to the elongation of chewing cycle time, rather than an increased number of chews. The contribution of jaw muscle activity to chewing effort changed resulting in greater activity of temporalis muscle in the F-const chewing test. During volitional control of chewing frequency, the texture perception with respect to cohesiveness, adhesiveness and moisture scoring differed from that observedin habitual chewing, despite the similar physical properties of the bolus. These variabilities resulted in higher acceptability of the food sample. Since this study clearly shows how control of chewing frequency led to changes in oral processing of food and its sensorial properties, nutritionists can employ the findings to optimise the dietary recommendations decreasing eating rate and increasing palatability of the target products.

Determination of O-isobutylmethylphosphonate in industrial emissions by gas chromatography using pulsating flame photometric detector

A procedure for gas chromatographic determination of O-isobutylmethylphosphonate micro-quantities in industrial emissions with a concentration range from 0.5 to 50 mg/m3 has been developed. The target analyte was collected and concentrated using an aspirator of the required volume of the test medium taken from sources of industrial emissions through sampling tubes equipped with ready-made filter materials, two layers of filters of the PFC (Petryanova filter cloth) type, 12 mm in diameter, two layers of filters of the appropriate size, washed in ethyl alcohol and dried in air, made of dense cotton material «moleskin». Recovery of concentrated substances from the sample tubes was performed by extraction with isopropanol. Methylation with diazomethane was carried out to convert the desired substance to a volatile product for subsequent chromatography, by a method improved to obtain micro-quantities of dialkyl esters of MPA and its monoesters. The high efficiency of the proposed methylation method as a factor for obtaining solutions with a low content of impurities of both starting reagents and non-target reaction products has been experimentally proven, which leads to higher accuracy of microconcentration measurements. Trace impurities, including diazomethane residues, were removed by vacuuming the methylated solution for 2 – 5 min. The use of other methods to remove excess diazomethane does not give positive results: blowing diazomethane from the solution with an inert gas does not lead to noticeable changes even for 15 – 20 min, during which time part of the solvent is removed and, therefore, the concentration of the target product changes; the addition of additional chemicals, for example acetic acid, leads to contamination with two products at once-excess acetic acid and methyl acetate, in addition, the addition of excess competing reagent can lead to transalkylation with the participation of the target product and, as a result, to incomplete progress of the target reaction. Quantitative data were obtained by gas chromatography using a Varian CP-3800 gas chromatograph equipped with a pulsed flame photometric detector, the mixture was separated on a CP WAX CB capillary column. The methodology was tested at real control facilities, appropriately certified and implemented in environmental control and monitoring programs.