Target Group Research Articles

A Framework for Stakeholder Involvement in eHealth Action Research

AbstractThe involvement of stakeholder groups, like patients or healthcare professionals, is highly valued in eHealth Action Research (AR) projects because it ensures a match between the project outcomes and the needs of the target group. However, few best practices or advices are available and no overview exists that describes the process of active involvement of stakeholders in the context of eHealth. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a framework for active stakeholder involvement in eHealth AR. The framework was developed based on several studies on stakeholder involvement in a project, as well as existing literature. To evaluate the framework, interviews were conducted with eight participants, who were either experts from the field or researchers currently working in practice in eHealth AR projects. Based on the suggestions made during the interviews, the framework was adjusted. The final version of the framework consists of 9 sections with a total of 56 questions, as well as material for additional reading. This framework can help researchers, especially those who are relatively new to AR and stakeholder involvement, shape their research process. A next step would be to further investigate how to operationalise the framework, for example in project meetings with stakeholders, and then, evaluate the framework in practice by implementation into an AR project from start to finish.

Abstract PO5-07-12: Feasibility of organized population-based mass-level mammography screening (0.2 million women) –Report from LMIC-Uzbekistan

Abstract Background. Breast cancer is one of the leading diseases worldwide. The early detection of breast cancer is the best way to improve survival. Mammography is included in the standard guidelines of all the leading organizations. The procedure is technically demanding and cost sensitive. Despite being a standard, it is not practical in many countries, and more so in LMIC. The state of Uzbekistan embarked on a massive, unique, organized population-based program of mass-level mammography screening, starting from one region of the country and expanding to others. Here, we report the process of such establishment and the feasibility of this innovative model. Methods. Realizing the importance of breast cancer screening, the Republic of Uzbekistan initiated a pilot project in the Bukhara Region. The area is divided into 12 districts. Every district was equipped with a stationary mammography machine in a regional polyclinic and one mobile van. The personnel were appropriately trained and a selection process was established to invite women for screening. The invitation was sent using the local area's existing municipality residential directory, which contains the complete demographic details of every individual living in the area. The state has 100 % coverage in the registry. The study targeted every woman aged 45-65 starting May 2021. All mammographs were digitally recorded and sent in real time to a centralized server at the National Republican Cancer Center in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Reporting is performed at a centralized reading center on the information system platform. The program envisages a complete care pathway, from screening to diagnosis and treatment. Results. Over a period of two years, 140506 women in the age range–45-65 underwent mammography screening. Depending on the size of the target group of the district, an average of 30-60 mammograms were performed per day. A reported preliminary analysis shows the presence of BIRADS 0 in 4495, BIRADS 1 IN 78634, BIRADS 2 in 64345, BIRADS 4 in 4998, BIRADS 5 in 893. All women with BIRADS 4 and 5 were referred to the regional comprehensive cancer center for further evaluation. A total of 7570 patients underwent cytology and 408 underwent core biopsy. Depending on the reports, the patients were appropriately managed. A total of 1885 patients were recalled for additional screening owing to their inappropriate quality. After a year of function, the project was expanded with “Mobile Vans” to other regions of the country. An additional 13 mobile mammography vans were added after 1.5 years. From January 2023, approximately 50000 mammograms were additionally performed, taking the total number of screened women to 190506. Conclusion. Thus, it is feasible to plan and successfully implement state-owned mass-level mammography screenings. This project has the potential for duplication in any part of the world, and other organizations can learn from this extensive, wide program. Citation Format: Mirzagaleb Tillyashaykhov, Aysulu Seytmuratova, Alexander Ososkov, Saide Djanklich, Yakhyo Ziyaev, Dinesh Pendharlkar. Feasibility of organized population-based mass-level mammography screening (0.2 million women) –Report from LMIC-Uzbekistan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-07-12.

Making vulnerable groups able to connect socially and digitally—opportunities and pitfalls

IntroductionThis article addresses digital and social inclusion of adults with potential low digital skills. The article presents a case study of how digital learning activities (DLAs) as a service to refugees, immigrants, senior citizens, and young adults neither in education, employment, or training (NEETs), are delivered outside the formal educational system by two libraries and one civic organization in Norway, Denmark, and Belgium. Through the theoretical lenses of social capital building, co-creation and co-producing, the article analyzes how the DLA’s were organized and tailored for the participant’s needs, with an emphasis on cooperation efforts with local sub-partners and representatives from the target groups.MethodsA multiple case-design was applied using a process tracing method combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. To measure the partner organizations’ experiences from the project, we conducted participant observation, personal and focus group interviews, in addition to self-reporting schemas about how they organized the DLA’s. Surveys were conducted to measure the participants’ experiences.ResultsBy combining literature and theoretical approaches from several fields; digital inclusion, public and civil organization research—with a particular focus on libraries, and their role in educating refugees and other vulnerable groups, the article provides new insights on how public and non-public organizations in local communities can work together to tailor-make DLAs and contribute to the promotion of digital inclusion.DiscussionLibraries and civic organizations have potential to reach out to vulnerable people in local communities, to provide innovative DLA’s and to connect both people and organizations. Vital for recruitment of participants and to find the right level of digital/technical ambition is to closely co-create and co-produce with representatives from other local organizations in both civil and public sector during the whole process. Co-creating activities with actors representing the target group in the planning phase as well as co-producing them in the implementation phase, are important prerequisites. The article discusses the challenges of trust-building, of finding the right level of digital ambition as well as developing long-term digital activities as important factors for the promotion of digital inclusion.

Generalizability of deep learning in organ-at-risk segmentation: A transfer learning study in cervical brachytherapy

PurposeDeep learning can automate delineation in radiation therapy, reducing time and variability. Yet, its efficacy varies across different institutions, scanners, or settings, emphasizing the need for adaptable and robust models in clinical environments. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the transfer learning (TL) approach in enhancing the generalizability of deep learning models for auto-segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) in cervical brachytherapy. MethodsA pre-trained model was developed using 120 scans with ring and tandem applicator on a 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner (RT3). Four OARs were segmented and evaluated. Segmentation performance was evaluated by Volumetric Dice Similarity Coefficient (vDSC), 95 % Hausdorff Distance (HD95), surface DSC, and Added Path Length (APL). The model was fine-tuned on three out-of-distribution target groups. Pre- and post-TL outcomes, and influence of number of fine-tuning scans, were compared. A model trained with one group (Single) and a model trained with all four groups (Mixed) were evaluated on both seen and unseen data distributions. ResultsTL enhanced segmentation accuracy across target groups, matching the pre-trained model’s performance. The first five fine-tuning scans led to the most noticeable improvements, with performance plateauing with more data. TL outperformed training-from-scratch given the same training data. The Mixed model performed similarly to the Single model on RT3 scans but demonstrated superior performance on unseen data. ConclusionsTL can improve a model’s generalizability for OAR segmentation in MR-guided cervical brachytherapy, requiring less fine-tuning data and reduced training time. These results provide a foundation for developing adaptable models to accommodate clinical settings.

To study the awareness of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers in an area select of tertiary care hospital

Background: Needle stick injuries, or NSIs, refer to injuries produced by several types of needles, including hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, intravenous stylets, and needles used for connecting components of intravenous administration systems. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the awareness of NSIs among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a selected area of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken within the department of obstetrics and gynecology (OBG). The study’s target group was all HCWs of varied experience levels (n=272). This study employed a meticulously crafted questionnaire in the English language. The survey includes 22 items covering a variety of NSI-related topics. Subgroup analysis was conducted using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: It was found that most of them were in the 20–30 age group (75%), the majority were females (72%), unmarried (61%), and from an urban background (85%). Almost all the participants (96%) were aware that NSIs are preventable. Similarly, 90% of the participants were aware that NSIs may cause the transmission of diseases, and 77% of the participants reported that they have training on biomedical waste management and its disposal. About 74% of the respondents stated that they had been exposed to NSIs. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the awareness levels and experiences of HCWs regarding NSIs in the OBG department. While a high level of awareness was observed, the study identified areas for improvement in the implementation of preventive measures, reporting practices, and post-exposure management.

Validity and Reliability of the Thai version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Long Form (ICIQ-FLUTS LF) and Its Correlation with the IPSS

Objective: Incontinence Modular Questionnaire on Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Long form (ICIQ-FLUTS LF) is a robust psychometric tool to assess the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. A Thai language version of the ICIQ-FLUTS LF is available, but it had not been validated yet. This study aimed to validate the ICIQ-FLUTS LF questionnaire in Thai and to identify the correlation between the ICIQ-FLUTS LF and the IPSS. Materials and Methods: We recruited 130 females, 50 with LUTS were recruited from patients visiting the Urology Clinic to assess the test with known group validity. They completed the ICIQ-FLUTS LF twice, two weeks apart, and the IPSS once. Meanwhile, 80 without LUTS (control group) were recruited from relatives of the patients to increase the consistency of the statistical analysis, completed the ICIQ-FLUTS LF. Then validity and reliability were determined using statistical analysis. Results: Convergent validity showed a moderate correlation between ICIQ-FLUTS LF and IPSS for both storage and voiding symptoms, with Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.49, 0.66; P<0.001, respectively. Construct validity, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, demonstrated statistically significant difference between the target group and the control group (P<0.001). The Thai version of the ICIQ-FLUTS LF showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients 0.76-0.79 and Test–retest reliability strong, with weighted kappa values 0.63 to 0.90. Conclusion: The Thai version of the ICIQ-FLUTS LF shows good validity and reliable measures of females with LUTS, and is simple to use. This questionnaire in the Thai version can be used in clinical practice and academic research.

ENHANCING DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors, the realm of marketing has undergone a profound transformation. Digital marketing, in particular, has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary business strategies, offering unprecedented opportunities for brands to engage with their audiences in a dynamic and personalized manner. In the context of India, a burgeoning economy with a burgeoning digital landscape, the significance of leveraging digital marketing for sustainable growth cannot be overstated. The advent of digital technologies has revolutionized the way businesses interact with consumers, enabling targeted communication, real-time feedback, and unparalleled reach. From social media platforms to search engine optimization, digital channels have provided businesses with a diverse array of tools to connect with their target demographics, regardless of geographical boundaries. In India, where internet penetration is steadily increasing, particularly among the younger demographic, the potential for digital marketing to drive growth and foster sustainability is immense. However, amid the myriad opportunities presented by digital marketing, there exist multifaceted challenges and complexities that demand careful consideration. As businesses navigate the intricacies of the digital landscape, they must grapple with issues such as data privacy, information overload, and the need for authenticity in a cluttered online environment. Moreover, the pursuit of sustainable growth adds another layer of complexity, requiring businesses to balance economic objectives with environmental and social responsibilities. Against this backdrop, this study endeavors to undertake a comprehensive analysis of digital marketing strategies in India, with a specific focus on enhancing sustainability. By synthesizing existing literature, conducting empirical research, and examining industry best practices, this research aims to shed light on the evolving dynamics of digital marketing in the Indian context and identify strategies for driving sustainable growth in this domain. At the heart of this inquiry lies the recognition that sustainable growth is not merely a desirable outcome but a strategic imperative for businesses operating in the digital age. As societal expectations evolve and environmental concerns come to the forefront, businesses are increasingly being called upon to adopt practices that prioritize long-term viability over short-term gains. In the realm of digital marketing, this imperative manifests in various forms, including the adoption of eco-friendly technologies, the promotion of ethical consumerism, and the cultivation of authentic brand narratives.

Does the dual-credit policy promote the technological development of new energy vehicles? An industry chain reconstruction perspective

With the deep application of automation and digitalization technologies, the global automobile value chains are undergoing a new round of large-scale restructuring, and the traditional supply chain structure taken vehicle manufacturers as the core has been broken. The dual-credit policy (DCP), taking over the subsidies for new energy vehicles (NEVs), plays a vital role in reconstructing, transforming, and upgrading the automobile industry. The target group of DCP is passenger vehicle manufacturers, but it is unclear how its implementation will affect the NEV industry chain. To address this issue, this study examined the impact of the DCP on the innovation performance of automobile manufacturing enterprises using a DID (difference-in-difference) model based on the data of 693 listed advanced manufacturing enterprises in China A-shares from 2014 to 2021. The empirical results show that the DCP has significantly promoted the innovation performance of automobile manufacturing enterprises. In terms of supply chain role heterogeneity, the impact of the DCP on the innovation performance of parts manufacturers is more significant. Regarding enterprise ownership heterogeneity, the DCP has a greater impact on the innovation performance of SOEs(state-owned enterprises). In addition, regarding regional heterogeneity, enterprises in eastern and middle regions are significantly affected by the DCP to improve innovation performance.

Exploring the effect of clinical case definitions on influenza vaccine effectiveness estimation at primary care level: Results from the end-of-season 2022–23 VEBIS multicentre study in Europe

BackgroundWithin influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies at primary care level with a laboratory-confirmed outcome, clinical case definitions for recruitment of patients can vary. We used the 2022–23 VEBIS primary care European multicentre study end-of-season data to evaluate whether the clinical case definition affected IVE estimates. MethodsWe estimated VE using a multicentre test-negative case-control design. We measured VE against any influenza and influenza (sub)types, by age group (0–14, 15–64, ≥65 years) and by influenza vaccine target group, using logistic regression. We estimated IVE among patients meeting the European Union (EU) acute respiratory infection (ARI) case definition and among those meeting the EU influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition, including only sites providing information on specific symptoms and recruiting patients using an ARI case definition (as the EU ILI case definition is a subset of the EU ARI one). ResultsWe included 24 319 patients meeting the EU ARI case definition, of whom 21 804 patients (90 %) meet the EU ILI case definition, for the overall pooled VE analysis against any influenza. The overall and influenza (sub)type-specific VE varied by ≤2 % between EU ILI and EU ARI populations. DiscussionAmong all analyses, we found similar VE estimates between the EU ILI and EU ARI populations, with few (10%) additional non-ILI ARI patients recruited. These results indicate that VE in the 2022–23 influenza season was not affected by use of a different clinical case definition for recruitment, although we recommend investigating whether this holds true for next seasons.

Improving interest in public, active, and shared travel modes through nudging interventions

Nudging is a popular approach to changing behavior by designing interventions to encourage, for instance, sustainable or healthy actions without necessarily limiting freedom of choice. Nudging could show particular potential in changing travel behavior by providing governments with softer policy options to reduce the negative impacts of private vehicles in urban areas. This study examines the efficacy of nudging in changing interest in using public transport, active modes, and carsharing in Flanders, Belgium (n = 292), focusing on moral nudges, highlighting individual and social benefits, and norm nudges, using social pressure to promote appropriate behavior, through independent and paired sample t-tests, ANOVA mean-comparison tests, and multiple linear regression models. Results indicate that moral nudging is effective overall, but particularly for improving interest in carsharing, potentially providing an option for individuals wanting to make environmentally and socially conscious choices without drastically changing their lifestyles. Norm nudging was effective for public transport and especially active travel, indicating that mobility cultures and social acceptance are important to these modes. Attitudes toward public transport and carsharing were important to nudge susceptibility. Women might have greater concerns about making environmentally moral choices, resulting in higher moral nudge susceptibility, particularly for active travel, and trips taken with companions might be more easily swayed toward active modes. Those with greater time flexibility who are younger might be a target group for carsharing, especially when influenced by moral arguments, while older retired and full-time employed individuals may not be willing to give up their private cars and carsharing may not be practical for families with children. Nudging might be effective in changing travel behavior in conjunction with other policy measures to promote sustainable and healthy transport, ideally through a nudge unit to test, advise, and implement these subtle nudges. Further, the location, quality of transport services, and geographical density of cities are crucial aspects regarding the effectiveness of nudges in real-life scenarios.

A rhodamine-based fluorescent probe used to determine nitroxyl (HNO) in lysosomes

The reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in lysosomes play a major role during the regulation of lysosomal microenvironment. Nitroxyl (HNO) belongs to active nitrogen species (RNS) and is becoming a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. However, the complex synthesis routes of HNO in biosystem always hinder the exact determination of HNO in living cells. Here, a rhodamine-based fluorescent probe used to determine nitroxyl (HNO) in lysosomes was constructed and synthesized. 2-(Diphenylphosphino)benzoate was utilized as the sensing unit for HNO and morpholine was chose as the targeting group for lysosome. Before the addition of HNO, the probe displayed a spirolactone structure and almost no fluorescence was found. After the addition of HNO, the probe existed as a conjugated xanthene form and an intense green fluorescence was observed. The fluorescent probe possessed fast response (3 min) and high selectivity for HNO. Furthermore, fluorescence intensity of the probe linearly related with the HNO concentration in the range of 6.0 × 10−8 to 6.0 × 10−5 mol L−1. The detection limit was found to be 1.87 × 10−8 mol L−1 for HNO. Moreover, the probe could selectively targeted lysosome with excellent biocompatibility and had been effectually utilized to recognize exogenous HNO in A549 cells.

Exploring pre-pandemic patterns of vaccine decision-making with the 5C model: results from representative surveys in 2016 and 2018.

The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination (Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Calculation, and Collective Responsibility) facilitate understanding vaccination decisions in specific target groups as well as the general public's informational needs. This study aims to explain pre-pandemic vaccination behaviour (a) in general, (b) for specific vaccines such as influenza, and (c) for certain target groups (e.g. people over the age of 59years, parents, healthcare workers), using the 5C model and sociodemographic variables. The intention to get an influenza vaccination was also analysed for target groups. The 5C, self-reported vaccination behaviour and the intention to vaccinate were collected in two representative telephone surveys in Germany - one in 2016 (n1 = 5,012) and another in 2018 (n2 = 5,054). Parents, people over the age of 59years, chronically ill people, people with a migratory background, pregnant women and healthcare workers were target groups. Overall, the 5C model had higher explanatory power than sociodemographic variables. The pattern of vaccine hesitancy slightly differed between vaccinations and target groups. Confidence in safety and effectiveness was always a significant predictor. Complacency (the underestimation of disease risks) and Constraints were significant predictors as well. Calculation (of risks and benefits) was important for influenza vaccination intentions. This work builds an important benchmark for understanding potential changes in vaccine acceptance due to the pandemic. The benchmark can be used in research on potential effects of the pandemic on vaccination behaviours. Intervention designers can also use the results to understand specific audiences and their vaccination decisions.

Evaluation of the usefulness and understandability of information leaflets on fall prevention from the perspective of hospital patients and their relatives.

Falls are a major problem among adults over 60 years. Multiple preventive measures must be taken. Written information leaflets can support the knowledge transfer and positively influence recall of the information provided. The aim was to ensure usefulness and understandability of the information leaflets on home fall prevention from the target groups' perspective. A cross-sectional survey study with a feedback questionnaire for patients and relatives was conducted at a university hospital in Austria. Quantitative data analysis and qualitative content analysis according to Schreier were performed. The majority (63.9%) of patients rated the overall impression as "very good". 44.2% of the relatives rated it as "very good" and 23% as "good". The question "appealing design" was the only one with a statistically significant difference between patients and relatives. Subgroup analysis has shown a statistically significant difference between educational groups regarding the questions "easy to read" and "easy to understand". It could be shown that the information leaflets were already well tailored to the target group. The few comments regarding understandability were considered to improve the content of the information leaflets. A further evaluation regarding the benefit of the fall prevention leaflets in discharge management should be performed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ON THE TOPIC OF SOLVING QUADRATIC FUNCTION GRAPHS OF MATHAYOM 3 STUDENTS BY USING THE GEOGEBRA PROGRAM TOGETHER WITH POLYA'S PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS

This research used GeoGebra program and organized learning management activities in accordance with Polya’s problem-solving process to develop mathematical learning achievement by solving problems in quadratic function graphs. With the help of GeoGebra program and step-by-step practice of problem-solving techniques using Polya’s problem-solving process, the aforementioned learning management system increases students' enthusiasm and interest in learning about graphs. Consequently, it encourages students to comprehend the knowledge of quadratic function graphs in mathematics efficiently, gain a more thorough comprehension of them, and develop their skills in solving problems. The target group used in the research is 14 Mathayom 3 students studying in the first semester of the academic year 2023 at Chumchonyodkaengsongkhro School, Namon District, Kalasin Province, which obtained purposive random sampling. The tools used in the research were lesson plans using GeoGebra with Polya’s problem-solving process, learning achievement tests, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used in the data analysis include mean (x̄), standard deviation (SD), percentage, and t-test statistics. The results of the research found that: 1) the results of the efficiency of the lesson plans using GeoGebra program with Polya’s problem solving process are equal to 73.75/74.64, which is higher than with the specified criteria, 2) The post-test scores’ learning achievement using GeoGebra with Polya's problem-solving process was higher than the pre-test scores using GeoGebra with Polya's problem-solving process, with statistical significance at the .05 level, and 3) the satisfaction of students with learning management using GeoGebra program with Polya’s problem-solving process is at a high level with an average of 4.31 and a standard deviation of 0.81.

Enhancing Science Vocabulary and Content Knowledge of Thai EFL students through Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and English Science Textbooks Word Lists (ESTWL)

The development of subject-specific word lists to assist EFL learners is becoming popular, as is the utilization of CLIL to teach English in academic areas of science. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of the instruction of English Science Textbooks Word Lists (ESTWL) and the CLIL approach on the Science Vocabulary Knowledge and Science Content Knowledge of Thai EFL students. A mixed-methods research design was employed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data using ESTWL-CLIL lesson plans, a Science Vocabulary Knowledge test, and a Science Content Knowledge test. All research instruments were validated by both content and language experts. The target groups were 3 levels of secondary school students studying at a large secondary school in Bangkok. The research findings were as follows: 1) the mean scores of the students in the three groups increased by a statistical significance of 0.05 for both vocabulary knowledge and science content knowledge after the implementation of the intervention, and 2) the qualitative results indicated that all students perceived the instruction of ESTWL and the CLIL approach to be positive. The study suggested a vocabulary pedagogy for science and language teachers for use in CLIL environments.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BERBASIS KOMPUTER UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA KELAS XI PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Difficulty learning abstract consepts in material forms of the molecule based on the theory of electron domain and molecular hybridization in the formation of simple covalent coumpounds involving electron is verry small in size. With conventional learning to use the media shaped balloons and images/charta make their experience misconceptions. Make use of computer assisted animations media adobeflash program. The program is able to help students discover and explore the concepts of learning materials to animate the process of formation of the molecules of the compound geometry. The program is easy to obtain and can be used on all computers. Material forms of molecules according to VSEPR theory (valence shell electron pair repulsion) and Hybridization theory contained in the computer based media is aimed at helping students learn to achieve mastery of core competencies which are already contained in the syllabus set by time. Products are developed in accordance with the educational technology area abstract include students in determining the geometry of the steps forming the molecules of the compound. The stages are carried out in the development of media, namely: design learning, create computer based animation media, validate products with product testing. Advice of expert material/content, media expert, design expert, and data from trials of the target group to be enter performance improvement products. Based on the results of the expert validation and testing of the target group can be concluded that the computer –based instructional media products on the molecular forms of material at Senior High School chemistry in particular at ninth grade IPA (Natural Sciences). With regard to these results the school, especially Senior High School 8 Batanghari media products in order to incorporate this learning into the school website that can be accessed by the wider media users for further development. Keyword: Development, Computer based Media, Molecular Forms.

Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan Di Desa Ciwangi Kecamatan Balubur Limbangan Kabupaten Garut

This research was conducted with the aim of understanding the implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in the Ciwangi Village, Balubur Limbangan District, Garut Regency. Several issues were identified in the implementation process, causing it to not run smoothly. This was due to various factors related to policy substance, the behavior of implementers, network interaction, target group participation, and resources in the implementation in Ciwangi Village, Balubur Limbangan Subdistrict, Garut Regency. The theory used in this research is the policy implementation theory proposed by Muchlis Hamdi (2014), which consists of policy substance, the behavior of implementers, network interaction, target group participation, and resources. This research utilized a qualitative research method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informant selection technique employed was purposive sampling, with a total of 8 informants. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Family Hope Program in Ciwangi Village, Balubur Limbangan District, Garut Regency, has not fulfilled several factors crucial for the success of policy implementation. However, there are also factors that have been fully met, such as policy substance and network interaction.

The Implementation of Ternate Mayor's Policy in Handling Household Waste in Kota Baru Village

This study aims to elaborate the implementation of the Ternate Mayor Regulation policy in handling Household Waste. The research uses a qualitative approach with Edward III's theoretical framework on the analysis of communication factors, sources, dispositions and bureaucratic structures on the stages of waste handling, namely collection, processing, collection and the final process of residents of Kota Baru Village, Central Ternate District, Ternate City. The findings of the dimensions of clarity, dimensions of consistency and transmission in handling household waste have not been fully socialized and do not touch the target group in the community, there are still limited budget resources, Transdepot waste facilities, the disposition has not been effective and efficient, and the bureaucratic structure has not functioned waste handling instruments in accordance with the Ternate Mayor Regulation, and lack of public awareness weak innovation and bureaucratic monitoring.

Possibilities of Practical Use of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Processes

This article discusses the possibilities of practical use of artificial intelligence in marketing processes. It is unambiguous, that marketing has entered a new era of development (marketing control) and day by day, the scale of changes brought by digital transformation becomes visible to the field of marketing, in terms of challenges and changes. No one can definitively say whether human creativity will be replaced by artificial intelligence, especially since artificial intelligence, in terms of content generation, is actively used by leading companies. For instance, it is significant that very recently, literally in front of our eyes, on March 14, 2023, the company OpenAI announced the launch of the 4th generation GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) in its artificial intelligence network. According to the company “The latest version of GPT-4 is 50 times smarter than its predecessor. GPT-4 Artificial intelligence will quickly become the future of advertising.” Advertisers are already actively using AI for audience identification and segmentation, for producing creative advertising content and for checking the effectiveness of advertising. Moreover AI assists with correct and improved quality of advertising performance, content details, as well as optimized time and costs - which is the most important in modern marketing and for its processes. Artificial intelligence will carry out advertising communication based on automatically processed analysis, in real time, at any scale. AI will automatically create advertisements, identify the target groups needed for its brand and will carry out testing ads on selected audiences, based on the received feedback, it will improve and strengthen the effectiveness of advertising, penetration and impact of advertising on the target audience. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Content marketing, Generative Pre-trained Transformer, Google Marketing Platform.

Digital Marketing Training For Home Businesses In Bodag Village, Ngadirojo District, Pacitan Regency

This Community Service Activity for Real Work Lectures (PkM KKN) aims to provide knowledge and skills to the community, especially those who have businesses at Real Work Lecture locations, so they can market their businesses through various digital platforms such as Shoppi, Lazada, and other social media. The approach used in implementing this KKN PkM activity is to first make preparations, which consist of registering data on potential participants and their businesses, contacting village officials and preparing training places, contacting resource persons, then carrying out KKN PkM activities on a previously determined day and ending with evaluation. The Real Work Lecture activity, which is part of Community Empowerment or Community Service, was carried out for 2.5 months, in this regard, digital marketing training was carried out for home businesses at the KKN location on Saturday, October 28 2023, which presented speakers from business actors who use digital marketing, this activity was attended by a target group of 27 people who have various home businesses, such as a small specialty food industry from the village, so by participating in this activity it is hoped that they can market their business more widely and their income will increase. Apart from delivering material and practice, PkM activities also include mentoring provided by KKN participants so that they can truly market their businesses. After completing the activity, the participants were evaluated through observation and interviews with the results, the majority stated that this activity was very useful and felt happy, with the hope that it could be applied to increase income, apart from that they also gained new knowledge and skills, the hope was that there would be mentoring and other training, as well as understanding how to market your business products via cellphone.