Target Clients Research Articles

Systematic Approach of Customer Relationship Management in Much Different Organization

The aggregate number of target clients does not expand by much rate every year. The entire thought of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is to oversee and protect the client base of any association. It requires far less exertion and assets to hold client contrasted with drawing in new ones. Offering basic administrations and motivations can prompt client dedication which itself will pull in new clients. Throughout the last few decades' associations have understood the significance of CRM and have attempted diverse approaches to actualize CRM. Those associations that were effective in actualizing CRM were the individuals who comprehended its essential outline. The goal of this venture is to set up rules and skeleton for effectively actualizing CRM in an association, this report will reveal insight in subtle element on different parts of CRM and how an association can hold their current client and also draw in new ones.

Fuzzy logic approach applied to credit scoring for microfinance in Morocco

Microfinance institutions in Morocco target clients who are excluded from the traditional financial systems and have no guarantees, exposing them to the risks of default and therefore bankruptcy. Also the microfinance sector is experiencing information asymmetry which makes it difficult to apply classical theory given the low databases quality and the lack of depth in the behavioral history of bad customers. The aim of this research is to use fuzzy logic approach that allows an individual and dynamic treatment of the customers by integrating the opinion of the experts in order to evaluate customer behavior to reduce loan default and ensure the viability and the sustainability of the microfinance institutions.The research used three composed Fuzzy Input variables with their trapezoidal membership function, an output variable and seventy eight fuzzy rules in the development of an evaluation model.

Засади інтеграційної маркетингової комунікаційної діяльності виставкових компаній України

Мета роботи – розширити теоретичне уявлення про функціонування моделі стосовно інтегративних засад маркетингової комунікаційної діяльності виставкових компаній України.
 Дизайн/Метод/Підхід дослідження. Застосовано методи порівняння, систематизації та узагальнення, аналізу особливості позиціонування виставкових послуг, інтегративні методи в управлінні функціями виставкової компанії, методи цифрового маркетингу та веб-аналітики у контексті інтегрованого розуміння конверсії та моделювання атрибутів маркетингових комунікацій.
 Результати дослідження. Удосконалено модель AIDAOUC(s) урахування та комунікаційного забезпечення інтеграції інтересів, уваги, побажань та взаємодії стейкхолдерів у просторі партнерського маркетингу виставкових компаній.
 Теоретичне та практичне значення дослідження. Розвинуто теоретичні аспекти позиціонування виставкових послуг у комплексі інтегративного комунікаційного маркетингу. Висвітлено комунікаційні особливості, які мають виставкові послуги, вісім компонентів інтегрованого підходу до управління ними на основі моделі 8 Ps. Практичне значення полягає у визначенні показників успішності виставкового заходу при впровадженні моделі AIDAOUC(s).
 Соціальне значення дослідження. Посилено толерантність у взаємодії зі споживачами та маркетингову цінність при комунікаційному впливі на цільові аудиторії. Це може бути забезпечено завдяки розвитку національної ідентичності та змістових особливостей торгівельної марки, бренду.
 Оригінальність/Цінність/Наукова новизна дослідження. Ураховано оптимізацію управлінських внутрішніх впливів, оновлення основних активів виставкового об’єкту, зміну розподілу коштів у бюджеті комплексу інтегрованих маркетингових комунікацій під час аналізування інтересів і побажань економічних агентів, комунікаційної підтримки просування послуг виставкової компанії задля забезпечення задоволеності цільових клієнтів і стейкхолдерів.
 Перспективи подальших досліджень – поглиблювати оцінювання детермінант взаємодії і взаємозв’язку елементів маркетингових комунікацій у ході системної їх інтеграції у віртуальному інформаційному просторі.
 Тип статті– теоретична.

Sport psychology in an Olympic swimming team: Perceptions of the management and coaches.

It has been over 20 years since research has been published on perceptions of sport psychology services in Olympic sport, and this work spanned multiple sports, had a North American focus, and did not report management’s views. In this study, we resurrect this line of inquiry through the investigation of management and coaches’ perceptions of sport psychology in a European Olympic swimming team. Following semistructured interviews with 12 members of the management and coaching staff, we identified themes relating to retrospective reflections of past psychology-related services (i.e., negative previous experiences, lack of understanding, unease with service, threat to coach-swimmer relationship) and prospective projections of future psychology-related services (i.e., recognition of importance, scope of target client groups, roles with the coaches, confidentiality issues, practitioner characteristics). Within this team, sport psychology was perceived largely negatively, but despite this, the coaches and management recognized the importance and potential of the service. This apparent disparity can be explained by a range of factors, but the team culture, delivery method, and individual personalities appear to be particularly influential in this regard. To enhance the quality and receptivity of service provision, researchers and practitioners should effectively communicate with recipients of the service and consider not just what is delivered but by whom and how it is delivered.

Islamic microfinance and household welfare nexus: empirical investigation from Pakistan

Many approaches and tools have been utilized throughout the globe by public and private sector organizations to curtail the deprivations and enhance welfare of the poor. Islamic Microfinance is one of them and is rapidly getting popular in Muslims as well as non-Muslims majority population countries. This study was conducted to gauge the impact of Islamic microfinance on the household welfare of the target clients by observing its impact on health, education, income, expenditures and assets of the poor who took loan from Islamic Microfinance institutions (IMFIs). Study is based on primary data and assessment was made rendering pre and post project approach by employing paired sample t-test and Regressionanalysis as statistical tools. Respondents were selected from three microfinance institutions, namely Akhuwat Foundation, Farz Foundation and NAYMET. Results delineate statistically significant differences in Pre and Post borrowing scenarios in the welfare indicators of the target households. It has been observed that borrowing from Islamic Microfinance institutions has not only significantly raised monthly income; expenditures on food, education and health; and incremented households’ assetsbut also surprisingly raised borrowed amount of loan which negatively affected income. This requires some further investigation and it is recommended that practitioners and policy makers must keep IMF on its top agenda to enhanceliving standards of the poor in developing countries.

A reliable path between target users and clients in social networks using an inverted ant colony optimization algorithm

Internet has become an integral section of human life. Millions of people are joining online social networks every day, interacting with others whom they did not know already. Establishing trust among those indirectly connected users performs a crucial role in improving the quality of social network services and creating the security for them. Nowadays, there are many paths between clients (service requesters) and target users (service providers) in online social networks. Among existing paths finding a trust path for trustworthy services is a vital job. Also, in many previous methods, such as ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) load balancing among target users is inefficient. Therefore, in this paper we propose an inverted ant colony optimization algorithm to find a reliable path along with improving load balancing among the target users. The inverted ant colony optimization algorithm is a diversity of the basic ant colony optimization algorithm in which, the updated pheromone has a reverse effect on the selected path by the ants. Finally, we simulate the proposed method by using the original experimental dataset and evaluate the proposed method in terms of load balancing, waiting time and execution time in comparison with the ant colony optimization algorithm. The obtained results are very promising.

Criminalizing Sex Work Clients and Rushed Negotiations among Sex Workers Who Use Drugs in a Canadian Setting

Previous research indicates that criminalization of sex work is associated with harms among sex workers. In 2013, the Vancouver Police Department changed their sex work policy to no longer target sex workers while continuing to target clients and third parties in an effort to increase the safety of sex workers (similar to "end-demand sex work" approaches being adopted in a number of countries globally). We sought to investigate the trends and correlates of rushing negotiations with clients due to police presence among 359 sex workers who use drugs in Vancouver before and after the guideline change. Data were derived from three prospective cohort studies of people who use drugs in Vancouver between 2008 and 2014. We used sex-stratified multivariable generalized estimating equation models. The crude percentages of sex workers who use drugs reporting rushing client negotiations changed from 8.9% before the guideline change to 14.8% after the guideline change among 259 women, and from 8.6 to 7.1% among 100 men. In multivariable analyses, there was a significant increase in reports of rushing client negotiation after the guideline change among women (p=0.04). Other variables that were independently associated with increased odds of rushing client negotiation included experiencing client-perpetrated violence (among both men and women) and non-heterosexual orientation (among women) (all p<0.05). These findings indicate that despite the policing guideline change, rushed client negotiation due to police presence appeared to have increased among our sample of female sex workers who use drugs. It was also associated with client-perpetrated violence and other markers of vulnerability. These findings lend further evidence that criminalizing the purchase of sexual services does not protect the health and safety of sex workers.

A Social Media Mining and Analysis Approach for Supporting Cyber Youth Work

Cyber youth work is a pioneering and proactive approach used by non-government organizations to address the changing needs of the youth groups, particularly those at-risk and “hidden” young people. This paper describes the development process of a social media mining and analysis method, which is built to facilitate services for cyber youth work. The method incorporates an iterative method for collecting, selecting and extracting domain keywords in selected social media. A hybrid approach which combines heuristic rules and n-gram analysis for bilingual word segmentation has been developed. Then, social network analysis is used to analyze the extracted results. A pilot study has been done by using drug abuse as the study topic. It demonstrated high potential of the method to enhance cyber youth work. The weights deduced by the method have found to have a positive correlation with the benchmarked scores. It helps to understand the characteristic of the network, identify target clients, and provide data support for marking decisions.

Cisco Systems: Launching the ASR 1000 Series Router Using Social Media Marketing

This case focuses on Cisco Systems' innovative probe-and-learn approach to using social media to launch its ASR 1000 Series Edge Router. The company had decided to eschew traditional print and TV media in marketing the new product and had decided instead to focus its efforts entirely on digital marketing and social media to attract the attention of its target market. The case discusses Cisco's bold plan to launch the ASR 1000 Series “virtually, visually, and virally” and the digital tactics employed by the Cisco Systems marketing team to accomplish this ambitious goal. Business marketers normally adopt a more serious and traditional approach to marketing its products but in this case Cisco had decided to buck that trend by exploring digital tools and social gaming avenues which its target client—the technical community—were increasingly frequenting. Cisco's challenge lay in whether this new approach and resultant value proposition would resonate with its technical audience and give the ASR 1000 Router the kind of publicity it needed to have. The case is set at a time when social media was burgeoning as a promising way to engage consumers more deeply with brands and products, but marketers were still experimenting with the tools and tactics of social media for marketing.Understand the relevance of social media for product launches as a function of contextual factors such as nature of product, media habits, and company credibility. Learn about the applicability of social media for business marketers in terms of its uniqueness, advantages and challenges. Recognize the relationship between campaign objectives and the value proposition for the product. Understand the evolution of social media marketing from a probe-and-learn approach to a strategy-driven process. The initial test and learn approach must be enhanced and become more strategic in the future.

Section III. Target, Stakeholder, and Leader Client Variables, Values, and Preferences

Section III. Target, Stakeholder, and Leader Client Variables, Values, and Preferences

Shanxi Merchants’ Multilevel Financial System in Ming and Qing Dynasties, China

ABSTRACTIn the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1911), China saw rapid development in industrial and commercial sectors. Over this period, a group of merchants originating from the inland province of Shanxi gradually built a multilevel financial system and became leaders in China’s banking sector. The system of financial institutions they established (pawnshops, seal shops, money shops, loan banks, and draft banks) each had a unique business model, with specific target client group and carefully designed risk management. They were also interconnected to allow for flexible capital flows, contributing to the fast economic growth in this period. Nevertheless, the traditional system also had limitations, leading to its replacement by modern banks eventually.

Nurse-Led Care Models in the Context of Community Elders With Chronic Disease Management: A Systematic Review

Longer average life expectancies have caused the rapid growth of the elderly as a percentage of Taiwan's population and, as a result of the number of elders with chronic diseases and disability. Providing continuing-care services in community settings for elderly with multiple chronic conditions has become an urgent need. To review the nurse-led care models that are currently practiced among elders with chronic disease in the community and to further examine the effectiveness and essential components of these models using a systematic review method. Twelve original articles on chronic disease-care planning for the elderly or on nurse-led care management interventions that were published between 2000 and 2015 in any of five electronic databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Library, and CEPS (Chinese Electronic Periodicals Service）were selected and analyzed systematically. Four types of nurse-led community care models, including primary healthcare, secondary prevention care, cross-boundary models, and case management, were identified. Chronic disease-care planning, case management, and disease self-management were found to be the essential components of the services that were provided. The care models used systematic processes to conduct assessment, planning, implementation, coordination, and follow-up activities as well as to deliver services and to evaluate disease status. The results revealed that providing continuing-care services through the nurse-led community chronic disease-care model and cross-boundary model enhanced the ability of the elderly to self-manage their chronic diseases, improved healthcare referrals, provided holistic care, and maximized resource utilization efficacy. The present study cross-referenced all reviewed articles in terms of target clients, content, intervention, measurements, and outcome indicators. Study results may be referenced in future implementations of nurse-led community care models as well as in future research.

Influence of Personal Selling on Brand Performance of Retail Shoe Companies in Nairobi Central Business District

Many organizations all over the world are currently engaged in branding themselves or their products in order to position themselves competitively in the market. Organizations and businesses in general embrace the concept of branding as a dominant strategy because a strong brand provides added value to both the seller and buyer, which is attributable to the concept of brand equity. The branding is usually done along the theme of the day and is informed by the perceived demands of the market and the target clients. The branding can range from a simple facelift to a complete overhaul of both operations and products. However, though through observation it is evident that many businesses at some point engage in personal selling, most do not involve the promotion of their own brands save for few firms such as retail shoes companies in Nairobi central district. However, the power of personal selling on the brand performance of even well- known brands such as retail shoes companies is lacking. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the influence of personal selling on brand performance focusing on retail shoes companies in Nairobi central district. It specifically wanted; to determine how promoting brand knowledge through personal selling influences brand performance; to establish how enhance communication through personal selling influences brand performance; to examine how increased interaction time through personal selling influences brand performance; to assess how relationship building through personal selling influences brand performance.

Leave the past behind with digital process management

We are firmly entrenched in the age of the customer, and it is both digitally enabled and fiercely competitive. To date financial services organisations have focused digitisation efforts on front-end applications while foregoing the full potential of opportunities digitisation creates to innovate client-facing operational, service and delivery processes. This paper presents a practical and compelling approach to digitally measure end-to-end (ETE) client-facing and operational processes. The insights digital measurements produce change the dialogue and enable organisations to productively embrace the digital world. It allows the reader to consider an innovative approach to digitally generating process and client experience analytics and how to practically and pragmatically use those analytics to align stakeholders, transform and innovate ETE processes in line with client expectations and target client journeys and digital strategy.

A cloud-based forensics tracking scheme for online social network clients

In recent years, with significant changes in the communication modes, most users are diverted to cloud-based applications, especially online social networks (OSNs), which applications are mostly hosted on the outside and available to criminals, enabling them to impede criminal investigations and intelligence gathering. In the virtual world, how the Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) identifies the “actual” identity of criminal suspects, and their geolocation in social networks, is a major challenge to current digital investigation. In view of this, this paper proposes a scheme, based on the concepts of IP location and network forensics, which aims to develop forensics tracking on OSNs. According to our empirical analysis, the proposed mechanism can instantly trace the “physical location” of a targeted service resource identifier (SRI), when the target client is using online social network applications (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), and can analyze the probable target client “identity” associatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first individualized location method and architecture developed and evaluated in OSNs.

The Increasing Importance of Mobile Marketing in the Light of the Improvement of Mobile Phones, Confronted Problems Encountered in Practice, Solution Offers and Expectations

Improvements in information and communication technologies introduce important marketing opportunities for companies. One of the last technological improvements affecting the marketing activities of the companies is mobile phones being used as a channel of marketing communication. In the process of the promotion of the goods, services and ideas, this situation has increased the importance of ‘Mobile Marketing’ which can be identified as establishing the marketing communication with the target clients through mobile phones and sending promotion oriented messages. This study will firstly touch upon the improvements in mobile communication technologies briefly. Thereafter, the increasing use of mobile phone and the growing importance of mobile marketing due to its advancing features will be revealed along with its benefits, and solutions will be offered by means of discussing the problems confronted. Finally, future oriented expectations will also be included.

Outreach Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Ethiopia

Outreach is a hybrid measure that assesses the extent to which a Rural Financial Institution (RFI) has succeeded in reaching its target clients and the degree to which the RFI has met the clients demand for financial services. The pointers of outreach could be: the depth (types of clients reached and level of poverty) and breadth of outreach (number of clients served up). Outreach is considered as one of the main aspects of microfinance performance that captures the social mission of MFIs. The main goal of MFIs is to provide sustainable microfinance facilities to the poor and in developing countries like Ethiopia, microfinance institutions also offer loans and technical assistance on how to start and develop a business. The main objective of this study is to assess the trends and identify the significant determinants of outreach of MFIs in Ethiopia. Descriptive analysis and Panel multiple regression model has been used to assess and identify the significant determinants of microfinance institutions outreach in Ethiopian. In this study the STATA software has used because it has a range of advanced tool for panel analysis that a researcher needs to organize and manage their data and then obtain and analyze statistical results. From the descriptive statistics the mean value of the number of active borrowers is small compared the number of population of Ethiopia and there is greater variation between the MFIs in Ethiopia in terms of outreach to the poor. From the random effect model of econometric result of outreach of MFIs, the researcher observed that the size of MFIs, average loan balance per borrower, percentage of women borrowers and age of the MFIs are significantly affected the outreach of MFIs in Ethiopia.

Psychological services for children and youth: A survey of Canadian practitioners.

We surveyed Canadian psychological practitioners (N 137) who offer services to children and youth, using real-time sampling to obtain a profile of services offered to a specific child or adolescent client. Our sample included practitioners with a master’s degree and those with a doctorate. Practitioners provided services in both publicly funded agencies and in independent practice, working with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse clientele with multiple psychosocial risk factors and a range of presenting problems and comorbidities. Clients were referred by parents, schools, and other health professionals for services including assessment, intervention, and consultation. In the majority of cases, psychological services involved not only the target client, but also parents or school personnel. Almost one third of clients had been prescribed psychotropic medication, and one quarter of practitioners indicated that their clients were receiving services from another health care practitioner for the same problem. The results paint a portrait of the complexity of the context in which psychological services are provided to young people. Implications for training and professional practice are discussed.

The effectiveness of continuing care models in patients with chronic diseases: a systematic review

Population aging has caused significant rises in the prevalence of chronic diseases and the utilization of healthcare services in Taiwan. The current healthcare delivery system is fragmented. Integrating medical services may increase the quality of healthcare, enhance patient and patient family satisfaction with healthcare services, and better contain healthcare costs. This article introduces two continuing care models: discharge planning and case management. Further, the effectiveness and essential components of these two models are analyzed using a systematic review method. Articles included in this systematic review were all original articles on discharge-planning or case-management interventions published between February 1999 and March 2013 in any of 6 electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Cinahl Plus with full Text, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, CEPS and Center for Chinese Studies electronic databases). Of the 70 articles retrieved, only 7 were randomized controlled trial studies. Three types of continuity-of-care models were identified: discharge planning, case management, and a hybrid of these two. All three models used logical and systematic processes to conduct assessment, planning, implementation, coordination, follow-up, and evaluation activities. Both the discharge planning model and the case management model were positively associated with improved self-care knowledge, reduced length of stay, decreased medical costs, and better quality of life. This study cross-referenced all reviewed articles in terms of target clients, content, intervention schedules, measurements, and outcome indicators. Study results may be referenced in future implementations of continuity-care models and may provide a reference for future research.

Assessing the Participation of Women in Microfinance Institutions: Evidence From a Multinational Study

ABSTRACT Microfinance institutions (MFIs) typically offer small credit services with no collateral to low-income clients, particularly women microentrepreneurs. Evidence suggests that microcredit services are an effective tool for the social and financial empowerment of women and have a significant impact on maternal health, children's education, and sustainable economic growth. With multiple financial institutions offering various microfinance services, women's participation as borrowers has changed. We examine the variation in women borrowers’ participation rates in 105 developing countries by analyzing participation rates using selected determinants such as legal status, outreach, external control, and target clients. Results indicate a preference for unregulated MFIs, particularly nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which suggests that in spite of the advent of formal financial institutions, women in developing countries are more likely to seek loans from grassroots MFIs. However, with more commercial banks offering microcredit and microsavings with a preference for borrowers with assets, women could be left behind. This raises important questions regarding the objectives of microfinance services and empowerment of women. Future studies should examine the impact of transformations of NGO MFIs on low-income women clients.