Taping Intervention Research Articles

Neuromuscular training, manual therapy, and augmented low-Dye taping for pronated foot correction in anterior knee pain: RCT study protocol

Purpose. Anterior knee pain (AKP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems among adolescents, with an annual prevalence rate of 22.7% to 28.9%. Excessively pronated foot posture is a biomechanical factor that contributes to the risk of AKP. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in treating AKP. The aim of this research is to investigate the efficacy of neuromuscular training and manual therapy with augmented low-Dye taping for pronated foot correction in the management of AKP. Materials and methods. A prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial involving 48 individuals suffering from anterior knee pain will be conducted for this study. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to groups and will receive 12 sessions of talonavicular joint mobilisation (TJM), manual therapy, and neuromuscular exercises with antipronation and augmented low-Dye taping interventions over 4 weeks at Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital. The outcome measures include pain, functional limitations, foot posture, and dynamic valgus index (DVI), assessed at baseline (pre-intervention) and follow-up (post-intervention). Discussion. Previous literature supports that manual therapy and neuromuscular training exercises with anti-pronation augmented low-Dye taping are effective treatments for patients with AKP. We strongly believe that the evidence-based interventions used in this research for treating anterior knee pain will provide significant improvements in pain, functional limitations, foot posture, and dynamic valgus index (DVI).

Muscle synergy and kinematic synergy analyses during sit-to-stand motions in hallux valgus patients before and after treatment with Kinesio taping

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of hallux valgus (HV) on lower limb neuromuscular control strategies during the sit-to-stand (STS) movement, and to evaluate the effects of Kinesio taping (KT) intervention on these control strategies in HV patients.MethodsWe included 14 young healthy controls (HY), 13 patients in the HV group (HV), and 11 patients in the HV group (HVI) who underwent a Kinesio taping (KT) intervention during sit-to-stand (STS) motions. We extracted muscle and kinematic synergies from EMG and motion capture data using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF). In addition, we calculated the center of pressure (COP) and ground reaction forces (GRF) to assess balance performance.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the numbers of muscle and kinematic synergies between groups. In the HV group, knee flexors and ankle plantar flexors were abnormally activated, and muscle synergy D was differentiated. Muscle synergy D was not differentiated in the HVI group.ConclusionAbnormal activation of knee flexors and plantar flexors led to the differentiation of module D in HV patients, which can be used as an indicator of the progress of HV rehabilitation. KT intervention improved motor control mechanisms in HV patients.

NEUROMUSCULAR TAPING IMPROVES MICROVASCULAR CIRCULATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Background: The most common complications in Diabetes Mellitus patients are foot problems and high risk for amputation. Factors that trigger problems in diabetic feet in the form of neuropathy factors, namely loss of sensory nerve function and circulatory disorders. One of the non-pharmacological therapies to prevent these problems is safe Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) which is applied to the skin with elastic plaster through a decompression method to prevent a decrease in peripheral blood circulation and improve blood circulation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) intervention on microvascular circulation which was assessed by Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) measurement in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The number of respondents to this study was 60 type 2 DM patients divided into treatment group respondents and control group respondents. The intervention group was given NMT intervention for 2 weeks with daily plaster changes while the control group was given standard foot care education. The data collected is an ABPI score that describes microvascular circulation using a sphygmomanometer. Analysis was carried out using paired sample t-tests which were used to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: Based on the results of the study, significant changes were obtained in the microvascular circulation of the treatment group (p = 0.000) α 0.05 which is the category of normal microvascular circulation or no disturbance. Increased microvascular circulation is caused by the application of NMT for 2 weeks. Conclusion: There was an increase in microvascular circulation seen through changes in Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) values before and after Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) intervention. There were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in changes in ABPI scores.

The Effect of Combining Foot Exercises and Neuromuscular Taping on Diabetic Foot Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain in diabetic feet can affect patients' quality of life. This has an impact on sleep quality and daily activities. Neuromuscular taping (NMT) intervention and foot exercises can be therapeutic modalities for diabetic feet. A study on the combination of the two is needed. The research aimed to determine the effect of diabetic foot exercises and neuromuscular taping on diabetic foot neuropathic pain. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a crossover design approach. The sample included 24 people recruited using the purposive sampling method. The sample was divided into two groups: the control group and the intervention group. The control group received foot exercises only, while the intervention group received a combination of foot exercises and neuromuscular taping. The washout period was carried out for one week. Neuropathic pain scores were measured using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The study's results showed that the mean change in neuropathic pain scores in the control group with a median (min-max) value was -2.00 (-8 - 0). In the intervention group, the mean change with a median (min-max) value was - 7.50 (-10). - 0). There was a significant reduction of diabetic foot neuropathic pain in the control and intervention groups with a p-value of 0.000 (α<0.05). In conclusion, a combination of foot exercise and neuromuscular taping interventions can be an option for managing diabetic foot neuropathic pain

Immediate and acute effects of Kinesio taping on back muscle endurance, low back flexibility, and balance among sedentary individuals: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionSedentary lifestyles is linked to a reduction in back muscle strength, endurance, and balance, consequently increasing the risk of experiencing low back pain. Kinesio taping has been shown to be effective in enhancing endurance, flexibility, and balance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on measures of lumbar function in sedentary individuals. MethodForty-four sedentary young adults were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received Kinesio tape to the lumbar region while the control group received health education. The Schober's test, Single-leg stance test, Y Balance Test, and Biering-Sorensen test were performed at baseline and 30 min and 24 h after the taping intervention. ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase in static balance (single-leg stance test) in the intervention group compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). In the Y Balance Test and Biering-Sorensen test, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and control group, though there was a significant increase in both groups from baseline to 24 h after taping. Though low back flexibility (Schober's test) significantly decreased in the intervention group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionKinesio taping can immediately improve static balance in people with sedentary behavior. The application of Kinesio tape had no impact on dynamic balance, low back flexibility, or low back muscle endurance.

Adding the Neuromuscular Taping to Nerve Mobilization Interventions on the Hand Functional Abilities in Carpal Tunnel Syndrom

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a collection of symptoms and signs of disease caused by the squeezing of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This CTS condition is one of the most common types of neuropathy. This syndrome arises with symptoms of pain, numbness, and weakness in the hands due to compression of the median nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a syndrome associated with repetitive motion and a fixed position for a long duration so it affects the blood supply to the hands and causes pain. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding neuromuscular taping intervention to the nerve mobilization which was previously usually given to Hand Functional Ability in carpal tunnel syndrome. A case study with pre and post-test research a design that compares the Hand Functional Ability values before and after being measured with a measuring instrument Wrist hand Disability Index (WHDI) to provide additional Neuromuscular Taping intervention in conditions of carpal tunnel syndrome for 3 weeks. Analysis of differences scores with WHDI in the sample group with a significance value of 0.023 which shows < 0.05, which means there is an effect of giving additions Neuromuscular Taping Intervention in Nerve Mobilization noted changes in Hand Functional Ability levels in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome patients.

Short-term Effects of Kinesio Taping Application on Outcomes of Athletes With Shin Splints

Purpose: Shin splints are a common injury in the world of sports, causing pain along the inner edge of the tibial and impacting an athlete’s performance and well-being. The study aims to examine how kinesio taping application affects pain, postural control, and plantar pressure parameters in athletes with shin splints. Methods: A placebo-controlled trial design was used, with 32 athletes with shin splints randomly assigned to either the kinesio taping group (KT=16) or the placebo group (PC=16). The KT group received kinesio tape with 75% tension applied to the affected shin, while the PC group received the same application without tension. Before and after the taping intervention, pain levels, postural control, and plantar pressure parameters were evaluated. Results: Results indicated that the KT group experienced a significant pain reduction and improved postural control and plantar pressure parameters compared to the PC group. Conclusion: These results suggest that kinesio tape can relieve pain in the short term and enhance postural control and plantar pressure distribution in athletes with shin splints. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms.

The Effect of Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping Interventions on Reducing Pain in Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients

Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by poor ergonomics. LBP is defined as pain localized between the costal margin and the inferior gluteal fold that lasts for more than one day. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions on reducing non-specific low back pain. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-and post-test design, and the research sample was given Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions. The pain measurement tool used was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the effect test was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study showed that the pre-and post-intervention mean VAS scores were 6.7±1.766 and 1.7±0.674, respectively. With a value of p = 0.005 (p < 0.005), which indicates a significant difference between the VAS scores before and after Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions. This value can be interpreted as evidence that the combination of these two interventions can reduce the degree of pain in non-specific low back pain conditions. In conclusion, the study found that there was a significant effect of Ultrasound and neuro-muscular taping (NMT) interventions on reducing pain in cases of non-specific low back pain.

Effects of Kinesio Taping method on menstrual pain: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Current research promotes complementary methods of coping with menstrual pain (MP). Our objective was to examine the effectiveness of the Kinesio Taping (KT) intervention on MP and determine whether KT has therapeutic impact or whether there is presence of placebo. We used crossover design, dividing 30 female participants into KT and placebo KT groups. Every phase included one menstrual cycle. The average age of participants was 23.5 years (ranging from 18 to 39 years). In the assessment, we used VAS, Brief Pain Inventory Scale, and some SF-36 subscales. In KT phase all types of pain (the average MP, the worst experienced MP, the mildest one, and the current MP) were significantly less intense. KT has beneficial effect in reducing MP and its consequences and it is significantly superior to placebo. The order of intervention showed no statistical significance, which also confirms the therapeutic effect of KT.

Effect of kinesio taping intervention on the muscle strength and balance of college basketball players with functional ankle instability.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute Kinesio Taping (KT) intervention on the muscle strength and balance ability of college basketball players with functional ankle instability (FAI). Methods: Thirty college basketball players with FAI were treated with acute KT to test the changes in their muscle strength and balance ability. Results: After acute KT intervention, the ankle dorsiflexion moment and the ankle plantar flexion moment increased by 34% and 19.9%, respectively. The stable plane test with the subjects' eyes open decreased by 1%, whereas that with the subjects' eyes closed decreased by 1.1%. The swaying environment test with the subjects' eyes open increased by 2.4%. The swaying plane test with the subjects' eyes open increased by 5.1%, whereas that with the subjects' eyes closed increased by 16.2%. The swaying environment test with the subjects' eyes open plus the use of a plane increased by 12.1%. Conclusion: KT can increase the isokinetic strength of the ankle dorsum muscle and plantar flexion of college basketball players with FAI. The effect of KT in the static balance test was weaker than that in the dynamic balance test. The findings indicate that KT can significantly improve the balance ability of college basketball players with FAI during dynamic sports.

The Effect of Feedback and Kinesio Taping on the Correction of Faulty Movement Patterns in Athletes With Lower Limb Injuries

Background and Aims This study addresses only those interventions, such as feedback and kinesio taping, that affect lower limb function in athletes with impaired lower limb movement patterns. Methods This research is a systematic review study that examined all published articles in English about the effect of feedback and kinesio taping on correcting defective movement patterns and reducing injury risk factors. The current study was conducted by searching foreign databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect and domestic databases, including Magiran and Irandoc with the keywords of “videotape augmented feedback,” “taping,” “kinesio taping,” and “lower extremity” from January 2000 to January 2021. Results After reviewing the full texts of 45 articles, 24 articles were finally selected according to the purpose of the research. Of 24 articles, 20 were interventional studies, 1 was a systematic review, 1 was a meta-analysis, and 2 were meta-analysis and systematic reviews. In all studies, feedback training methods positively affected lower limb biomechanics, and tipping methods improved pain. Conclusion After comparing the effects of feedback and kinesio taping interventions in the studied studies, it can be concluded that feedback is better than kinesio taping taping in improving kinetic and kinematic variables in people with lower limb movement pattern defects.

Bracing and taping interventions for individuals with vertebral fragility fractures: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with GRADE assessment.

To examine the effects of bracing and taping interventions on pain, physical functioning, health-related quality of life, back extensor strength, kyphosis curvature, and adverse events in individuals with vertebral fragility fractures. Four databases were searched from inception up to January 2022. We included randomized controlled trials testing the effect of bracing or taping interventions compared with a non-intervention control in adults ≥ 45years with vertebral fragility fractures. Narrative syntheses were presented for all the outcomes. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Three studies were included. Soft bracing interventions exhibited inconsistent effects on pain. One study showed no difference between groups, and another study should a decrease in pain in the soft bracing group compared to the control group. Rigid bracing interventions did not have a significant change in pain between the control and intervention groups. One study demonstrated a decrease in pain at rest (VAS: - 10.8 ± 19.3) and during movement (VAS: - 20.9 ± 29.8) after a taping intervention. The other outcomes were not consistent across studies. Spinal orthoses may improve pain in people with vertebral fractures; however, we cannot draw definitive conclusions on the efficacy or harms of bracing or taping due to the very low certainty evidence and the small number of studies. Effects on other outcomes are uncertain.

The Effects of Functional Ankle Taping on Postural Stability in Elite Judo Players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle taping intervention on postural stability in elite Judo players. A total of twenty-two elite Judo players participated in this study. For biomechanical evaluation of postural stability, all participants performed postural standing tasks including narrow, normal, and wide stance conditions with both taping and non-taping conditions, respectively. Ground reaction forces and the center of pressure (COP) were obtained from the force plate. COP data for 30-s duration were analyzed to assess postural stability by measuring 95% confidence ellipse sway area (COPSWAY), COP velocity (COPVEL), and approximate entropy (ApEn). Significant differences were found in COPSWAY (p = 0.025) and COPVEL (p = 0.041) in the narrow stance, but no differences in normal and wide stances were observed between taping and non-taping conditions. For ApEn in the anteroposterior (AP) direction, significant differences were identified in normal (p = 0.026) and wide (p = 0.014) stances, but in the mediolateral direction there were no significant differences in all stances between taping and non-taping conditions. This study suggests that ankle taping that is purported to increase ankle stability may ironically negatively affect posture maintenance in Judo players. Our study suggests that the purpose of ankle taping should be reconsidered and associated individual objective data should be first analyzed before tape application.

EFEKTIFITAS KINESIO TAPING UNTUK PENURUNAN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH (STUDI KUASI EKSPERIMENTAL PADA PASIEN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH)

Background: Low back pain results in decreased activity in daily activities. The tapping method is an active therapy that uses tension in the muscles to maintain a position to reduce pain and disability and increase spinal mobility. Taping is a rehabilitative technique used to facilitate the body's natural healing process while providing support and stabilization to muscles and joints without limiting the range of motion of the joints. Objective: To determine the effect of tapping and taping on reducing the degree of pain in low back pain. Methods: This research is a pre-experimental type with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The data used are age and degree of pain. Results: From the study results, the average degree of pain before the intervention was 5.10, and the value after the taping intervention was 4.03. Wilcoxon test results showed the value of P = 0.008 (p < 0.05). And for the provision of tapping, the average degree of pain before was 4.93 and after 2.67 with p = 0.0001 (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that taping decreases the degree of pain in low back pain. Suggestion: The results of this study can be used as a reference for reducing the degree of pain in low back pain.

Effect of Adding Vertical Correction to Dynamic Scapular Recognition on Scapular Dyskinesis and Shoulder Disability in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Study

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to measure the effect of adding vertical downward correction to dynamic scapular recognition exercise on scapular dyskinesis and shoulder pain and disability in people with adhesive capsulitis. MethodsSixty-seven participants with adhesive capsulitis were randomized into 2 groups. The taping intervention group performed a dynamic scapular recognition exercise using a wireless biofeedback system and a continual vertical downward correction using rigid taping with 50% to 75% tension. The comparison group performed a similar dynamic scapular recognition exercise but with sham taping. The primary outcome measures were scapular dyskinesis, scapular upward rotation, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and the secondary outcome measures were shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation. ResultsAfter 2 weeks, there were significant differences between the taping intervention group and the comparison group in scapular dyskinesis, scapular upward rotation, shoulder flexion, abduction, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (P < .05), and nonsignificant differences in shoulder external rotation (P > .05). After 2 and 6 months, there were significant differences between groups in all dependent outcome measures (P < .05). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that from adding taping with a vertical downward correction to dynamic scapular recognition exercises, significant short-term and long-term improvements in scapular dyskinesis and shoulder pain and disability in people with adhesive capsulitis were observed. These improvements persisted for 6 months after intervention.

Examining the Use of Kinesiology Tape During Weight Bearing Exercises on Proprioception in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tape worn during weight bearing exercises on proprioception (i.e., ankle angle repositioning error) in participants with functional ankle instability. We employed a randomized, controlled clinical study in a laboratory setting, with 56 participants with functional ankle instability. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) weight bearing exercises without tape (n = 18), (b) weight bearing exercises with tape (n = 19) and controls not engaged in weight bearing exercises (n = 19). Weight bearing exercises included six weeks of bilateral squats in partial form with up to 45 degrees of knee flexion, and unilateral partial squats with full heel raise, and with full toe raise. In the taped condition, participants wore tape for six weeks with up to three tape replacements per week. Proprioception was measured as ankle repositioning error. Results showed that the mean angle repositioning error among participants in the active weight bearing groups was decreased by the taping intervention, relative to the control group's performance (p = 0.042). There were no significant differences between weight bearing exercise groups and control groups. The addition of kinesiology tape in weight bearing exercises can improve proprioception in active conditions.

Diamond McConnells' Taping Technique versus Counterforce Elbow Orthosis in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis, commonly referred to as tennis elbow, is one of the most common lesions of the arm. There are many treatment options available for tennis elbow; taping techniques and splints are commonly used. Purpose: The objective of this research is to compare the impact of the diamond taping technique and counterforce elbow bands on pain and handgrip strength in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Materials and methods: Forty male patients with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), aged between 30 and 40 years, took part in this study. They were randomly assigned to one of two equivalent groups. Group A received the diamond taping intervention in addition to physical therapy, while group B was treated using an elbow band orthosis along with physical therapy. The JAMAR dynamometer and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used to assess handgrip strength and pain intensity respectively, before and following 4 weeks (12 sessions) of treatment. Results: Group A demonstrated significant improvement of both handgrip strength and pain intensity, while group B showed significant improvement of pain only. Conclusion: Diamond taping demonstrated a strong impact upon pain and handgrip strength in individuals with lateral epicondylitis. It is suggested that the diamond taping technique can be valuable in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

Effects of taping techniques on arch deformation in adults with pes planus: A meta-analysis.

To investigate effects of taping techniques on arch deformation in adults with pes planus. The following databases were searched up to March 2020, including Web of Science, Pubmed, EBSCO, CNKI and Cochrane Library. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by I2 index and funnel plots, respectively. In addition, Cochrane scale was used to evaluate the quality of research. Navicular height for three antipronation taping techniques significantly increased immediately post tape compared with baseline (mean difference = 4.86 mm, 95% CI = 2.86-6.87 mm, Z = 4.75, p < 0.001). The highest increase was observed in Augmented low-Dye (ALD). Modified low-Dye (MLD) was second only to ALD (p<0.001). Navicular height after walking for 10 min was much higher than baseline (p<0.001), with MLD decreased smaller than ALD. ALD was the most effective taping technique for controlling foot arch collapse immediately post tape compared with baseline, followed by MLD. By contrast, MLD could possibly performed better than ALD in maintaining immediate navicular height after walking for 10 min. Low-Dye could make resting calcaneal stance position closer to neutral position. Although positive effects of Navicular sling, low-Dye and Double X taping interventions were observed, they could not maintain this immediate navicular height effect after a period of higher intensity weight-bearing exercise.

Effect of Sit-to-Stand Training Combined with Taping on Spasticity, Strength, Gait Speed and Quality of Life in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Objectives: Spasticity is one of the factors that make it more difficult to control posture in stroke patients. Taping has been used to manage muscle stiffness in various musculoskeletal disorders. Recently, it has been used to decrease spasticity in stroke patients, but the effect of taping combined with therapeutic exercise is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the sit-to-stand (STS) training combined with taping improves the ankle spasticity, muscle strength, gait speed, and quality of life in stroke patients. Material and Methods: The study recruited 40 stroke patients, who were randomly divided into two groups: the taping and STS training (TSTS) group (n = 20) and the STS group (n = 20). The subjects in the TSTS group underwent STS training with Kinesio taping on the tibialis anterior, calf and ankle joint, whereas the subjects in the STS group underwent only STS training. All participants underwent 30 sessions of STS training (30 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks). The present study evaluated the spasticity of ankle plantar flexors by the mean of the composite spasticity score; the muscle strength and gait speed were evaluated using the handheld dynamometer and the 10-meter walk test, respectively, and the quality of life was assessed using the stroke-specific quality of life scale. Result: The TSTS group and the STS group showed significant improvements in spasticity, muscle strength, walking speed, and quality of life after the intervention (p < 0.05). The level of improvement in the TSTS group was significantly higher in spasticity, muscle strength, and walking speed compared to the STS group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that STS training is effective for decreasing spasticity in stroke patients and suggested that additional taping intervention further improved this effect. In addition, improvement of muscle strength and gait function was observed with a significant decrease of ankle spasticity.

Effect of Different Kinesio Taping Interventions on the Local Thresholds of Current Perception and Pressure Pain in Healthy Adults.

ObjectivePrevious studies made controversial claims about the alleged effects of Kinesio taping (KT) on pain relief. To date, the mechanism by which KT relieves pain remains unclear. Moreover, pain evaluation lacks objective and quantitative parameters. This study compared the acute effects of different KT interventions on the local thresholds of pressure pain and current perception in healthy adults to determine the potential mechanisms by which KT relieves pain.MethodsThirty healthy female subjects randomly received four KT interventions, namely, no taping (NT), placebo taping (PT), Y strips of KT (KY), and fan strips of KT (KF), on the waist. Current perception threshold (CPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), soft tissue hardness, and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the subjects’ perceived pain were immediately measured after taping. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine significant differences in these parameters among the four interventions.ResultsSignificant differences in CPT values among the interventions were observed at the frequency of 5 Hz (F = 3.499, p = 0.019, ηp2 = 0.111). Post hoc analysis revealed that CPT was significantly higher for KF than for NT (p = 0.008, 95% CI = 1.390–11.990). Significant differences in PPT values (F = 4.352, p = 0.012, ηp2 = 0.130) and soft tissue hardness (F = 2.957, p = 0.049, ηp2 = 0.093) were observed among the different taping conditions. Post hoc analysis revealed that PPT was significantly higher for KF than for PT (p = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.071–0.749), and soft tissue hardness was significantly higher for KF than for NT (p = 0.010, 95% CI = 0.461–4.586) and KY (p = 0.040, 95% CI = 0.059–3.800). No significant differences in self-perceived pain among the interventions were observed.ConclusionThe healthy adult females had higher PPT values, lower soft tissue hardness, and higher CPT values at 5 Hz under KF intervention applied on the waist than those under the other taping interventions. Moreover, the different taping conditions had no significant differences in terms of VAS of perceived pain. These results provide guidance for the application of KT on pain management.