Tannin Compounds Research Articles

In Silico Screening of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of the JAK/STATs Pathway in Psoriasis.

The skin is a dynamic tissue that consists of different layers such as stratum corneum, the site for keratinocyte development and maturation for the natural changeover of skin. In psoriasis, this natural development of keratinocytes gets disturbed and aggregation of nucleated keratinocytes takes place in the epidermis of the skin, leading to the presence of scaly skin, which makes the patient physically, socially, and psychologically ill. Various natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic treatments are available. Still, semisynthetic or synthetic are mainly used to treat psoriasis with side effects on different parts of the body, which is life threatening. Various molecular target sites are getting upregulated such as Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STATs), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), platelet selectin (Pan Selectin), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Tyrosine Kinase 2 (Tyk2) in psoriasis. Plants and their bioactive compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids category are used in the treatment of psoriasis as topical, oral, and biological forms. Using a computational approach, the inhibition of these molecular targets can be studied and potential molecules can be identified. This research article aims to find out the potential molecules that can inhibit the molecular sites and are effective than synthetic ones.

The sorption of algal organic matter by extracellular polymeric substances: Trade-offs in disinfection byproduct formation influenced by divalent ions.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs), formed from biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and organic matter during regular disinfection practices in drinking water distribution systems, poses a potential threat to drinking water safety. However, the diverse DBP formations induced by the intertwined algal organic matter (AOM) and bacterial EPS remains elusive. In this study, we show substantial variations in EPS and DBP formation patterns driven by AOM biosorption with divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+). Divalent ions in bulk water can significantly inhibit carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) formation. Mechanistically, divalent ions promote the complexation of negative charged groups and thus inhibit C-DBP formation, while the hindering chlorine substitution of hydrogen atoms on α‑carbon and amine groups reduces N-DBP formation. Conversely, Ca2+ and Mg2+ could facilitate biosorption processes that increased the yields of C-DBPs and N-DBPs. Both EPS and AOM provide halogenated reactive sites for DBP formation, exhibiting diverse aromatic substances and unsaturated (lignin and tannins) compounds. Our results highlight divalent ions acting as a fundamental driving force in DBP formation, suggesting the need for cautious monitoring of divalent ions in karst water.

Analisis Kadar Senyawa Tanin Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-VIS

Japanese papaya plant (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) can be used for traditional medicine such as antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to measure the levels of tannin compounds from the extraction of Japanese papaya leaves. This research method uses descriptive to measure the levels of tannin compounds in Japanese papaya leaf extract with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Determination at Materia Medica Indonesia (MMI) to determine the maximum wavelength, determination of operating time, and determination of tannin content in the sample. The results showed that (1) quantitative test results with a maximum wavelength of 723 nm obtained an average tannin content of 36.782 mg TAE / g extract; (2) method validation test and the results met the requirements, namely the linearity test results obtained correlation coefficient (r2) s 0.9954; (3) accuracy test results of 98-102%; (4) precision test results RSD of 0.097%; (5) LOD and LOQ test results obtained 1.899 ppm and 5.755%.

SKRINING FITOKIMIA FRAKSI AQUA DEST EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SALAM Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.

Diabetes, hypertension, diarrhea, gastritis, and cholesterol can be reduced by Bay Leaves or Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp because of its properties. Knowing the Rf value (aquadest fraction of bay leaf ethanol extract) and secondary metabolite compounds (aquadest fraction) is the research's purpose. Extraction using 96% ethanol solvent with the maceration method, which will be evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Furthermore, the extract obtained will be fractionated using the liquid-liquid fractionation method. The level of polarity obtained will determine the fractionation treatment, the solvent used is aquadest. After that, the aquadest fraction screening will be carried out, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) will later be used for confirmation testing. In this study, several experiments have been carried out on the aquadest fraction of the ethanol extract of bay leaves. The results obtained from the aquadest fraction screening are flavonoid, tannin, and saponin compounds. For the Rf value of the aquadest fraction of flavonoid compounds, the Rf value of the aquadest fraction of tannin compounds was 0.78 and the Rf value of the aquadest fraction of saponin compounds was 0.88.

Kinetic Extraction of Moringa Oleifera Leaves using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are part of a plant that has a leaves-like shape with various high health and nutritional benefits, and contains vitamins, minerals, proteins and bioactive compounds, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This research aims to study extraction, determine the presence of tannin content in Moringa leaves and determine the kinetic model of extraction of Moringa leaves extract yield using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The Moringa leaves extraction process is carried out using 96% ethanol solvent and using the MAE method which can help maximize the extraction yield. The extraction process was carried out with varying power of 150 watts, material to solvent ratio of 1:15 b/v and extraction times of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes. The research results showed that the highest yield value was obtained at the 10th minute extraction time, namely 10.25%. The extraction kinetic model that is suitable for extracting tannin compounds from Moringa leaves is order 2, where the R2 0.9897 valuen is higher than order 1 and the value is almost close to 1.

Potensi Infusa Daun Paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) sebagai Larvasida Terhadap Mortalitas dan Morfologi Larva Aedes aegypti

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an infectious disease caused by the Dengue virus through the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector, which is controlled both at the larval and adult stages. The use of chemicals that are difficult to degrade in nature can pollute the environment. The Paitan plant (Tithonia diversifolia) contains secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be natural larvicides. This study aims to determine the natural larvicidal activity of Paitan leaf infusion. This study is an experimental study. The results of this study indicate that (1) Paitan leaf infusion contains alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, phenolic, and tannin compounds. At concentrations of 1.8%, 3.2% and 5.6%, the mortality percentage results were 41.30%, 50.60% and 60% respectively; (2) The administration of Paitan leaf infusion has an effect on morphological damage Aedes aegypti larvae in the thorax, digestive tract and siphon. The content of different metabolite compounds causes different levels of morphological damage at each concentration

Gastroprotective activity of Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) methanol extract purified on aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in Rats

Banana (Musa paradiasiaca var. sapientum) is the world's most popular fruit-bearing crop, with rising consumption and waste. This study aimed to measure the metabolite compound and evaluate the gastroprotective properties of a banana peel-purified methanol extract. Animals test used in this study were divided into six groups: Group One received NaCMC 0.5%, Group Two received sucralfate, Group Three received aspirin 1000 mg/kg body weight, and groups four, five, and six received PBP at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for seven days. Except for group 1, all groups were induced with aspirin at 1000 mg/kg body weight on the eighth day. The result of this study exhibited banana peel containing total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin compounds with concentrations of 33.45 mg GAE/g, 19.92 mg QE/g, and 0.16 %, respectively. The results showed that pure extract of Musa paradiasiaca var. sapientum fruit peel can reduce the incidence of gastric ulcers by decreasing the ulcer index (p<0.05).. The results suggested that Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum peel has a gastroprotective effect against aspirin-induced gastric ulceration.

TOXICITY TEST OF LIME PEEL EXTRACT (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>) USING THE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) METHOD FOR DETECTION OF ANTI CANCER ACTIVITY

Cancer is one of the major problems affecting the people of Indonesia and the world. Lack of public awareness for early detection causes a delay in diagnosis. One of the medicinal plants that are commonly found in Indonesia is lime (C. aurantifolia). In lime peel extract, there is essential oil composed of D-Limonene (38.94%), β-pinen (26.66%), α-terpineol (8.29%), and terpinen-4-ol (4.32%). These compounds are known to have strong effects as anti-cancer. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions, namely 0, 125, 150, 250, and 1000 ppm. The research methods used were phytochemical test, FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis, and BSLT test. The probit value was analyzed using SPSS to obtain the LC50 value. Lime peel extract (C. aurantifolia) has an LC50 value of 331.533 ppm including the toxic category and has potential as an anti-cancer agent. Based on phytochemical and FTIR tests, lime peel (C. aurantifolia) contains alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin compounds which are known to have antioxidant properties and can disrupt the balance of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) so as to trigger apoptosis of cancer cells.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench var. bioguma) Cookies (SoKis): Source of Antioxidant and Prebiotic

Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, locally called “cantel,” is an underused local food in Indonesia, which contains resistant starch and has the potential to act as prebiotic. Several studies have also reported the role of its phytochemical compounds as antioxidants. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potential of sorghum as a source of antioxidants and prebiotic in cookies products. Sorghum was dried under various temperatures (40, 55, and 70 °C) for 4 h, ground into flour, and used in cookies production to replace wheat flour (WF) in various ratios of sorghum flour (SF):WF (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 % (w/w)). Phytochemical compounds were tested using the maceration method and qualitatively by assessing the color change and physical appearance of SF. Antioxidants activity was analyzed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while nutritional content was determined with proximate analyses. The total plate count (TPC) method was carried out to assess the growth of Bifidobacterium longum, and organoleptic test (n = 30) was performed using 5 points-hedonic scale. SF with a drying temperature of 55˚C was used as an ingredient for making cookies based on its moisture content (4.24 ± 0.084) and antioxidant activity value (70.77 ± 2.91%). The analysis results showed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and polyphenol compounds in SF. Cookies with SF:WF ration of 50:50 (w/w) (SoKis) showed the best acceptance based on organoleptic test compared to the other formulation with antioxidant activity of 36.18 ± 2.56%. In addition, soKis contained 2.715% water, 1.425% ash, 24.57% fat, 8.24% protein, 63.05% carbohydrate, 0.255% crude fiber and could support the growth of B. longum with a value of 2.46 × 10 8 CFU/mL. Based on these results, sorghum could be used and developed as a functional food ingredient.

Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Areca Nut Seed (Areca catechu L.) and Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Extracts Against Propionibacterium acnes

Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) seeds has antibacterial properties due to their alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and polyphenol compounds. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) contain flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and alkaloids that also act as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity and synergistic effects of combining extracts from areca nut and binahong leaves against Propionibacterium acnes. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of P. acnes were evaluated for the ethanol extracts of areca nut and binahong leaves. The MIC and MBC values 400 ppm and 1.600 for extract ethanol single areca nut and 50.000 ppm and 100.000 ppm for binahong leaves. The MIC and MBC values for the combination 400/12.500 ppm and 1.600/781,25 ppm for areca nut and 50,000/800 ppm and 100,000/100 ppm for binahong leaves, respectively. The synergy between the two extracts was determined using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI). The FICI value of 1. P. acnes indicates an indifferent effect (1 < FICI ≤ 4).

Tannin Extraction from Leaves of Some Plants

This research, Tannin compound was extracted from cassava leaves, cueva leaves, jackfruit leaves, mango leaves and poninac leaves from Dongdok Village, Xaythany District, and Vientiane Capital. Using a single-soak extraction method and shaking with a stirrer using solvents as an extractor, such as distilled water, methanol (30%, 50%, 70%, and 95.85%), ethanol (30%, 50%, 70%, and 96.75%), acetone (30%, 50%, 70%, and 99.99%). The ratio between samples to solute was 5:50 g/mL extracted at room temperature with the extraction time of 13 hours (immersing 12 hours and shaking for 1 hour). The total amount of tannins in the sample was analyzed by reaction the folin-ciocalteu reagent and measuring the absorption of light at a wavelength of 762 nm. The results of the analysis of tannin content showed that the best extracts of tannins in all the samples were: tannin extract in poninac leave was 41.44 g/kg (50% acetone as an extract), the Jack fruit leaf was 39.56 g/kg (50% ethanol), the cueva leaf was 37.52 g/kg (30% acetone), the cassava leaf was 25.94 g/kg (70% acetone) and the extract of tannin from mango leaf was 22.24 g/kg (30% ethanol). Comparing the amount of tannin in the samples of cassava leaves, cueva leaves, jackfruit leaves, poninac leaves and mango leaves, it was found that poninac leaves had the highest amount of tannin. Following by samples of cueva leaves, jackfruit leaves, cassava leaves and mango leaves, respectively.

Analysis of Melinjo Seed Extract as Corrosion Bioinhibitor for Ferrous Metals

The corrosion of ferrous metals is a serious issue that can reduce material durability and lead to significant economic losses. Melinjo seed extract was selected for investigation due to its potential as a corrosion inhibitor, attributed to the presence of tannin compounds capable of forming complexes that coat metal surfaces. This research aims to explore the use of melinjo seed extract as a bioinhibitor for iron, providing an effective and environmentally friendly solution. The extraction of melinjo seeds was performed using the maceration method. The melinjo seed extract was mixed with 70% ethanol to obtain an inhibitor solution. The study evaluated the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of iron immersed in melinjo seed extract solution at varying concentration. The results showed that melinjo seed extract has the potential to inhibit corrosion in iron. A higher concentration of melinjo seed extract correlated with a lower corrosion rate. The highest corrosion rate was 6.7x10-2 g/cm² day at 0% concentration. The lowest corrosion rate was 1.6x10-2 g/cm² day at a 15% concentration of melinjo seed extract. The optimum inhibition efficiency was achieved at the 15% concentration, which amounted to 76%. These results indicate that melinjo seed extract is an effective bioinhibitor for ferrous metal corrosion.

A Review of Tannin Compounds in Avocado as Antioxidants

A Review of Tannin Compounds in Avocado as Antioxidants

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Ekstrak Aseton Kulit Putih Semangka Merah Non Biji (Citrullus Vulgaris S) dengan Niacinamide sebagai Gel Pelembab Kulit dengan Uji Kelembapan

This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the content of phytochemical compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in the acetone extract of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris), knowing the results of evaluating the physical properties of the acetone extract gel of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) with niacinamide against various concentrations of moisturizing gel preparations, and comparing the best moisture test concentration on acetone extract gel preparations of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) in providing optimal results. This research is a laboratory study of the experimental formulation of acetone extract of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) to determine the formulation and concentration of the best extract produced. The research results showed that acetone extract from the white skin of red seedless watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) contained phytochemical compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenol as well as lycopene in the white skin of red seedless watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris). The results of the evaluation of the physical properties of the acetone extract gel of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) in the negative control, 2.5% concentration, 5% concentration, and 7.5% concentration met the test requirements but did not meet the spreadability test requirements. And the best concentration of water content test in the acetone extract gel preparation of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) in providing optimal results is found in the gel preparation with a concentration of 7.5%.

Utilisation of gambir tannins as a Freshness Indicator in smart food packaging

Gambir is one of the extracts from the Uncaria gambir plant that is segmented, dried, and then can be molded into various shapes. The components used for gambir extract come from the leaves and twigs of the plant, which contain high amounts of catechins and tannins. These tannins can be used as medicine and dyes and are also used in industry as wood adhesives. This tannin dye made from gambir can be used as a colour indicator that shows the condition of foodstuffs on an intelligent packaging indicator. The colour indicators used from tannins can provide information on discolourations that occur in foodstuffs; these changes are used as a means of detecting and indicating the shelf life of foodstuffs and whether these foods are still safe to eat. This study investigates the use of gambir tannin in an indicator strip by analysis of FTIR spectroscopy, pH, storage testing, and colour measurement using the RGB method. This was applied to tuna fish fillet foodstuffs which were evaluated through Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN) and pH analysis. This study showed that the total tannins were 27.52 % and phenols were 178.7 mg GAE/g. For Colour indicators with tannin concentrations of 1 %, 3 % and 5 %, there is a bend of the aromatic CC functional group at wave number 1521.84 cm-1, which indicates the presence of tannin compounds in the colour indicator. After dipping the strip indicators into solutions with pHs of 3, 5, 7, and 9, the indicators darken in colour to show a higher pH. Indicators with a tannin concentration of 1 % are better because they undergo discolouration and are more stable than indicators with tannin concentrations of 3 % and 5 %. Storage of fish fillets for five days at a temperature of 5–7 °C showed that the pH value decreased while the TVBN level increased, and the colour indicator became darker.

Optimasi Proses Ekstraksi Dan Uji Aplikasi Pewarnaan Kain Menggunakan Pewarna Alami Dari Daun Susupan Gunung (Mimosa pigra L.)

Susupan gunung (Mimosa pigra L.) is a weed that grows wild and is often found in peatlands. This plant can grow in tropical and subtropical regions. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves of susupan gunung has shown that the leaves contain tannin compounds, indicating the potential of these leaves to be a source of natural textile dyes. Natural dyes can replace synthetic dyes in the textile industry, which can pollute the environment due to their carcinogenic nature. This research to find the optimal operating conditions for extracting natural dyes from susupan gunung leaves and to test the dyeing quality of cotton fabric using susupan gunung leaf extract. The variables used in the extraction process are temperature, time, and ratio of raw material to solvent volume. The tannin concentration in the extract was analyzed using the volumetric method and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken model. Fabric dyeing was performed using alum, iron, and calcium as mordants after dyeing the fabric. The result of this research indicate that the optimal operating conditions are at a temperature of 77oC, a time of 40 minutes, and a raw material to solvent volume ratio of 1:8, with a tannin concentration of 0,004 g/ml. The best fabric dyeing quality results were obtained using alum mordant, with a colorfastness rating of 4-5 (good) for washing and a colorfastness rating of 5 (very good)for rubbing.

ANALISIS KADAR TANIN DAUN GAYAM (Inocarpus fagifer Fosb.) PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT YANG BERBEDA

Background: Gayam (Inocarpus fagifer Fosb.) contains natural chemicals in the form of primary metabolites which play an important role in the survival of the style plant, not only primary metabolites, but the style plant contains secondary metabolites which are beneficial for the survival of the style plant in its environment Methods: The aim of this research was to determine the tannin content of gayam leaves at different altitudes. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative and qualitative with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Results: The results of the research show that based on photochemical tests, gayam leaves in Negeri Ema and Airlouw Hamlet contain tannin compounds. The total tannin content in Negeri Ema was 1.3956 mgTAE/g, while Airlouw Hamlet was 1.5484 mgTAE/g, which means the tannin content was higher in Airlouw Hamlet. The implication of the research results for biology learning is by creating a practical guide for biochemistry courses Conclusion: the tannin content of Gayam (Inocarpus fagifer Fosb.) leaves in Negeri Ema (highlands) is 1.3956 mgTAE/g, while the tannin content of Gayam (Inocarpus fagifer Fosb.) leaves in Air Louw Hamlet (lowlands) is 1.5484 mgTAE/g. So the tannin content in the lowlands is greater than the tannin content in the highlands

Molecular-level insight into the effect of fertilization regimes on the chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in tropical cropland

Fertilization is a critical agronomic measure for croplands in tropical regions, owing to their low fertility. However, the effects of fertilization on the quantity and chemodiversity of latosolic dissolved organic matter (DOM) in tropical regions remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the variations in latosol DOM concentrations and chemodiversity induced by inorganic fertilization and the co-application of inorganic fertilization with straw return, sheep manure, biochar, and vermicompost fertilizers at a molecular level were systematically investigated using multispectral techniques and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. In line with our expectations, the results showed that combined inorganic-organic fertilization improved soil quality by increasing soil organic carbon content compared to that under inorganic fertilization. However, as the most active and bioavailable organic carbon pool, dissolved organic carbonconcentrations between the fertilization treatments were not significantly different (p = 0.07). However, the dissolved organic carbon concentrations under combined inorganic-organic fertilization treatment (NPK plus straw return, 263.45 ± 37.51 mg/kg) were lower than those under inorganic fertilization treatment (282.10 ± 18.57 mg/kg). Spectral analysis showed that the DOM in the combined inorganic-organic fertilization treatments had a higher degree of humification and lower autogenetic contributions. Furthermore, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the combined inorganic-organic fertilization increased the chemodiversity of latosolic DOM and promoted the production of large, oxidized, and stable molecules, including lignin, aromatic, and tannin compounds, which potentially benefits soil carbon sequestration in tropical regions. This study could provide a theoretical basis for elucidating on the potentially relevant ecological functions and environmental effects of DOM under fertilization regimes.

Fraction Activities Rosella Flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) as an Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922

Rosella flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) contain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin compounds. The compounds contained in rosella flowers have activity as antibacterial and antibiofilm. Biofilm is the ability of microorganisms that stick to the surface of objects and form a matrix. This study aims to antibacterial and biofilm activity in the form of inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm degradation of E.coli bacteria. Rosella flowers were extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The thick extract was then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water solvents. Antibacterial activity test using diffusion and dilution methods followed by observation of cell wall and membrane damage using SEM and ion leakage with AAS. Biofilm activity test was conducted using a microplate device and readings were taken at a wavelength of 595 nm. The absorbance results of the inhibition percentage to determine the IC50 and EC50 values. The average IC50 values of biofilm formation inhibition test on extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction against E. coli bacteria are 1.059; 1.070; 0.921; 0.863. The EC50 values of biofilm degradation test on extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl The minimum killing concentration value of rosella flower water fraction against E. coli is 25 mg/ml. the effect of the active fraction of rosella flower on E. coli bacteria is on the cell wall and cell membrane

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity Related to the Mechanism of Work of the Active Fraction of Moringa Leaves (Guilandina Moringa L.) to Staphylococcus Aureus

Biofilm-associated S. aureus bacterial infections are difficult to treat because bacterial cells encased in biofilms can be highly resistant to antibiotics and the immune response of the host. Moringa leaf extract contains active compounds of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenols that have activity as antibacterial and antibiofilm. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and of extracts, mechanism of action of the most active fraction of moringa leaf ethanol extract against S. aureus.Extraction of Moringa leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents. Antibacterial test using disc diffusion method, followed by dilution test. Observations were made using SEM and AAS. Data from the diffusion test, inhibition of biofilm formation, and biofilm degradation were analyzed using One Way ANOVA. Based on the results of the study, the ethyl acetate fraction is the most active fraction in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus in the diffusion test with an inhibition zone diameter of 15,7 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/mL and a minimum kill concentration value of 25 mg/mL. The water fraction was the most active fraction in inhibiting the formation and degradation of biofilm against S. aureus with an IC50 value of 4,049 ± 0,063 mg/mL and an EC50 value of 4,246 ± 0,050 mg/mL