Tank Experiments Research Articles

Precise detection of water surface through the analysis of a single green waveform from bathymetry LiDAR.

Determination of the correct water surface height (WSH) from green laser (532 nm) echoes alone in bathymetry LiDAR is challenging, as the green laser return near the water surface involves both specular reflection from the air-water interface and backscattered return from the water volume. In this paper, a low-complexity method based on linear approximation of the leading edge (LLE) is proposed. The results of this LLE method were compared with those of three common algorithms of peak detection, half peak power, and surface-volume-bottom implemented on airborne datasets with various surface roughness conditions. In addition, the method was evaluated in waters with a wide range of optical properties through a controllable tank experiment. The uncertainties in the WSHs of all algorithms were greater when the water volume backscattering dominated the surface return; they were sensitive to variations in the optical properties of water, and increased exponentially with decreasing LiDAR attenuation coefficient (KLiDAR). Comparatively, the LLE algorithm had the fastest computational speed and demonstrated the best performance in situations where specular reflection or volume backscatter return was dominant, with average and maximum errors of less than 0.06 and 0.13 m, respectively.

An integrated experimental design framework for optimizing solute transport monitoring locations in heterogeneous sedimentary media

This study develops an integrated framework to guide the monitoring network optimization and duration selection for solute transport in heterogeneous sand tank experiments. The method is designed based on entropy and data worth analysis. Numerical models are applied to approach prior observation datasets and to support optimization analysis. Several candidate monitoring locations are synthetically assumed in numerical models. Entropy analysis considers local scale heterogeneity in experiment and identifies stable monitoring locations through extracting maximum information and minimizing optimization redundancies. Data worth analysis quantifies the potential of observation data to reduce the uncertainty of key parameters and selects the monitoring locations with higher data worth. Final monitoring network comprises of optimized monitoring locations obtained based on entropy and data worth analysis. A lab-scale tracer experiment is presented to explore the applicability of the proposed framework. Results show that the optimized monitoring network can accurately characterize the distribution of contaminant plumes in 3D domains and provides estimation of key flow and transport parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity). With the extension of experiment time, the total information of monitoring network is maximized, while the uncertainty of key parameters is minimized. The recommended experimental duration is the time by which both joint entropy and parameter variation coefficients are stabilized. Our developed methodology can be used as a flexible and powerful tool to design more complex transport experiments at different spatiotemporal scales.

Experimental and numerical investigation of squat submarines hydrodynamic performances

This paper empirically examines the hydrodynamic performances of squat submarines under the resistance and wave tests beside numerical investigation of pressure drag reduction techniques. Despite vast information about the operation of the streamlined fluid vessels, there is not much information about the geometries and hydrodynamic behaviors of squat vessels with L/D ratios below four. This study experimentally investigates the impacts of various relative depths and flow inclinations, intending to find drag, heave, and sway forces at the velocities of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5-m/s. A one-tenth scaled model of a squat submarine is examined under the resistance and wave train scenarios as the captive model in the towing tank experiments via 110 unique testing scenarios. Then, different pressure drag reduction techniques on the full-scale submarine are evaluated numerically at one-phase fluid by developing stern geometric optimization, nose rod devices, water corridors, and surface patterns at the bow and stern. Results present drag forces increase up to 150% at the 0.5D level for the resistance and wave tests due to the influences of the free surface water. The drag coefficients at the fully submerged depth of 6D differ by up to 13.3% between the numerical and experimental evaluations.

Live fish learn to anticipate the movement of a fish-like robot * *Contribution to Special Issue ‘Biohybrid Systems: Bioinspired and Biomimetic Robots Interacting with Living Organisms’ edited by Schmickl et al.

The ability of an individual to predict the outcome of the actions of others and to change their own behavior adaptively is called anticipation. There are many examples from mammalian species—including humans—that show anticipatory abilities in a social context, however, it is not clear to what extent fishes can anticipate the actions of their interaction partners or what the underlying mechanisms are for that anticipation. To answer these questions, we let live guppies (Poecilia reticulata) interact repeatedly with an open-loop (noninteractive) biomimetic robot that has previously been shown to be an accepted conspecific. The robot always performed the same zigzag trajectory in the experimental tank that ended in one of the corners, giving the live fish the opportunity to learn both the location of the final destination as well as the specific turning movement of the robot over three consecutive trials. The live fish’s reactions were categorized into a global anticipation, which we defined as relative time to reach the robot’s final corner, and a local anticipation which was the relative time and location of the live fish’s turns relative to robofish turns. As a proxy for global anticipation, we found that live fish in the last trial reached the robot’s destination corner significantly earlier than the robot. Overall, more than 50% of all fish arrived at the destination before the robot. This is more than a random walk model would predict and significantly more compared to all other equidistant, yet unvisited, corners. As a proxy for local anticipation, we found fish change their turning behavior in response to the robot over the course of the trials. Initially, the fish would turn after the robot, which was reversed in the end, as they began to turn slightly before the robot in the final trial. Our results indicate that live fish are able to anticipate predictably behaving social partners both in regard to final movement locations as well as movement dynamics. Given that fish have been found to exhibit consistent behavioral differences, anticipation in fish could have evolved as a mechanism to adapt to different social interaction partners.

BIOCONCENTRATION OF FENVALERATE INSECTICIDE IN FRESH WATER FISH Channa striatus

Modern agriculture heavily relies on chemicals such as different types of fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. These chemicals have an impact on aquatic organisms Fenvalerate was selected for the study. Channa striatus was selected as a model fish to test the bioconcentration in different organs. C. striatus was collected from a pond far from Kuttanad and transferred to laboratory. 20 healthy fishes were selected for experimental tanks. The fishes were fed with fish meal and rice flour in 1:1 ratio for once every two days. 25% of water were withdrawn from each tank and the pesticide content in the experiment tank was maintained at the same level. Based on the AOAC 2012 standard procedures, the analysis was carried out using a Perkin-model 5890 Gas Chromatography connected with a Ni 63 electron capture detector. The present investigation concludes that the bioconcentration of fenvalerate insecticide affect the gills, liver and muscles of the C. striatus. Insecticide fenvalerate shows a greater sublethal concentration in C. striatus is 0.188906 ppm/1. Fenvalerate is concentrated in the liver, gills and muscle tissues.

Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed with varying substitution levels of fish meal with cattle hoof meal

Fifteen weeks (105 days) feeding trial was conducted to determine growth response and economic benefit of replacing fishmeal with cattle hoof meal (CHM) in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Five isonitrogenous diets containing 42% crude protein were formulated in which CHM replaced fishmeal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (coded as D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 respectively). A commercial feed (D1) was used as reference diet. Two hapa partitioned into six treatments of three replicates each embedded in a concrete pond of 5m by 3m by 2m was used for the experiment. The fish were fed at 3% body weight three times daily between the hour of 6.00 am and 7.00am, 2.00 pm and 3.00pm, and 10.00 pm and 11.00 pm. The feeding ration was adjusted every three weeks after weighing. The mean of the monitored physico chemical parameters of the water in the experimental tank were pH (7.12), temperature (28.25oC), oxygen (5.77mg/l), ammonia (0.04mg/l), nitrite (0.04mg/l), nitrate (0.03mg/l) and bicarbonate (5.45mg/l). The proximate composition of cattle hoofs meal were 33.75% moisture content, 66% dry matter, 58.06% crude protein, 2.75% crude fibre, 3.25% crude lipid, 0.91% ash content and 1.78% Nitrogen free extract. Feeding trials indicated that all fish consumed the experimental diets actively. Fish fed with the commercial feed had the highest mean weight gain (204g), followed by those fed with the experimental diet with 25% of CHM (D3) (181g). The fish fed with the control diet with no cattle hoofs meal (D2) had lower mean weight gain compared to the fish fed with 25% CHM. The fish fed with 50% CHM, 75% CHM and 100% CHM exhibited a decreasing weight gain (148.60g, 143.73g and 129.00g respectively) as the substitution level of the CHM meal increased. The fish fed with 25% cattle hoof meal (D3) had the best growth performance and feed utilization proficiency (specific growth rate 2.58, relative growth rate 1403, protein efficiency ratio 1.67 and feed conversion ratio 1.47) among the fish fed the formulated diets (D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6). There was no significant difference (p˃0.05) in the survival value of fish fed with all the experimental diets. The fish fed with D3 had the best net profit (₦46.53) followed by D6 (₦45.63), D1 (₦42.54), D5 (₦41.61), D4 (₦31.49) and D2 (₦20.59) in decreasing order. This study revealed that CHM can replace fishmeal at a lower cost and efficient diets for Clarias gariepinus. The best result was produced at the substitution level of 25% inclusion of CHM. It is recommended that CHM be included in the feed of Clarias gariepinus at 25% for optimum growth performance and reduced cost of production.

Predators and habitat association of post-settlement snapper (Chrysophrys auratus).

Structured habitats play an important nursery role during the crucial early juvenile or post-settlement stages of many fish species. Predominantly, the utility of structured habitats to juvenile fish is thought to be associated with the provisioning of food or as a refuge from predation. Although snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) in New Zealand also have a strong affinity for structured habitats during their post-settlement phase, their predators are unknown as is the role of predation in determining habitat association. Here the authors investigated potential predators of post-settlement snapper by remotely observing interactions of restrained post-settlement snapper with potential predators and investigating the diet of potential predators. They also conducted tank experiments with a potential predator, both with and without the presence of structure. Restrained snapper were infrequently approached by predators, but two new nocturnal predators were identified. No snapper were observed in the diet of potential predators, although two piscivores were identified as potential candidates. No predation occurred during tank experiments, but there was a non-significant indication that under threat of predation post-settlement snapper may use habitat when it is present and aggregate together when it is not. The findings suggest that the pulsed nature of predation may have made it difficult to observe given the methods employed and that the threat of predation may be sufficient to drive the habitat selection of post-settlement snapper. Investigating the significance of predation via methods that do not require direct observations may therefore be more appropriate given this context.

Hydrodynamic characteristics of a new thrust vectoring ducted propeller with slotted nozzle

A thrust vectoring ducted propeller with slotted nozzle is a new approach for vector propulsion that can produce lateral forces and torques, leading to the ability of manipulating the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for various movements. In this work, the geometric model of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller is designed based on slotted nozzle. The nozzle of the ducted propeller is slotted and then divided into several pieces. Divided auxiliary nozzles are deflected to redirect the outflow, achieving thrust vectoring. The key feature parameters of the slotted nozzle are extracted. The performance of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller is evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. Different parameters of the slotted nozzle are set to evaluate the influence on the thrust vectoring capability of the ducted propeller. Through comparison, a thrust vectoring ducted propeller model is determined. Hydrodynamic characteristics including thrust vectoring performance, scale effect and vertical-horizontal interactions of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller are analyzed. It is shown that the ducted propeller with slotted nozzle at full capacity has a higher vector ratio and lower thrust loss than ideal tilted thruster with a maximum tilt angle of 40°. For high Reynolds (Re) number working conditions, all forces and torques including vector thrust can be nondimensionalized into hydrodynamic coefficients related to advance ratio J. At lower Re number working conditions, thrust vectoring capability improves in a certain extent. Interactions between perpendicular directions are caused by the counterclockwise rotation of the propeller. The pattern is quite clear and can be quantified. The performance of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller is verified through towing tank experiment. All the results show that the ducted propeller with slotted nozzle can be considered controllable with good thrust vectoring capability.

Delay robustness-constrained control of integrating processes with optimal tracking and quantified disturbance rejection

Regarding a general class of integrating processes subject to uncertain delays, this paper investigates a two-degree-of-freedom (2-Dof) control scheme with a proportional–derivative (PD) controller and disturbance observer (DOB). Relative delay margin is introduced as a paramount metric to evaluate the delay robustness, with which a set of novel and explicit tuning formulae for PD controller is analytically derived under the single external loop. In this individual frame, the stability boundaries associated with the governing parameters are first studied, indicating the nominal stability conditions for the 2-Dof control system. Then the optimal tracking problem is formulated and addressed with such delay robustness constraints. For the design of the internal loop, the performance of DOB will be quantified by the trade-off between the external relative delay margin and the disturbance rejection, thus retaining the original PD controller design. Besides, the stability in the nominal delay range is primarily concerned when demarcating the low-pass filter in DOB, based on which a critical time constant is obtained through exhaustive testing. Following the route of combining analytical design with quantitative adjustment, the synthetic tuning rules can provide prescribed robustness against delay uncertainty for integrating processes. Through conducting illustrative simulations and a water tank experiment, the efficiency and merit of the proposed scheme are demonstrated.

The performance analysis of the low‐speed direct‐drive generators for harvesting current energy

The simulations and experiments for two 400 W low-speed direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) installed in a Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT) were implemented. The towing tank experiments were carried out at National Taiwan University. A generator can start to harvest current energy at the rotation speed of 30 rpm (corresponding to the current flow rate of 0.36 m/s), and produce the rated power of 400 W at 150 rpm. The speed is very low compared with the published reports. The energy conversion efficiency of the FKT is up to 0.85. The results show that the generated direct current (DC) power is more than 800 W at a flow rate of 1.5 m/s. The power coefficient for the FKT is about 0.4. The energy loss at each stage and the power difference between the testing platform and the towing tank experiment were also analyzed. Moreover, the shape of the FKT is a new design. Compared with other structures, the proposed FKT can easily follow the direction of the ocean current and the depth of the FKT can be adjustable; when it doesn’t operate, it will float on the surface so that it is easy for maintenance.

Lisa Zurk’s contributions to striation-based signal processing for active sonar

Strong multipath propagation adds considerable complication to acoustic signal processing in the ocean. When mapped in range-frequency space, the acoustic field exhibits striations, alternating bands of high and low intensity due to constructive and destructive interference between the paths. Nearly forty years ago, Russian scientists showed how this striation pattern could be described by a single scalar parameter, the so-called waveguide invariant that subsequently became a staple of their passive sonar signal processing methods. Lisa Zurk’s contribution was to show how a striation-based approach could be adapted to active sonar processing. Together with her students, she did tank experiments and analysis for monostatic and bistatic configurations. For a horizontal array, she developed a beamformer featuring a linear frequency shift across the array designed to align with high-intensity striations. The result was improved performance in noisy environments. She showed how the waveguide invariant can improve tracking accuracy by providing a constraint on possible tracks. She and her students demonstrated the improved tracking with continuous active sonar data. Lisa Zurk’s innovative work on these topics continues to inspire present day research.

Free surface effects and the utility of a skim plate for experiments in a water towing tank at steady and unsteady model velocity

A towing tank is utilized to investigate the flow field around a two-dimensional submerged foil model operating near the free surface. Free surface effects are analyzed for steady and unsteady model velocity. The model’s submergence depth and angle of attack are varied. Tests are conducted for the model facing upside-up and upside-down. The surface deflection is recorded and the experimental results are utilized to validate an analytic model that is deployed to predict wake wave patterns at arbitrary model velocity. The flow mechanism leading to load alterations when the foil is in the vicinity of the free surface is explored in detail using experimental and analytic results. The imposed wave-induced velocity perturbations alter the effective angle of attack experienced by the foil. Flow separation is delayed when the model is facing upside-up and promoted when facing upside-down. For test cases with unsteady sinusoidal model velocity, forward traveling waves are generated, leading to a time-varying change in the inflow condition of the submerged foil. Increasing the model’s submergence depth alleviates free surface effects. A skim plate is installed in-between the free surface and model. It shows similar wave alleviating effects as obtained when increasing the model submergence depth by locally blocking wave-induced velocities. The skim plate position is varied in the longitudinal direction to determine its most advantageous position. Surface wave effects at unsteady model velocity are alleviated most effectively when the skim plate protrudes upstream of the model.Graphical abstract

Semi-blind calibration for orbital angular momentum generating system using maximal likelihood estimation.

Generating a high quality vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is of importance in the application of the OAM to target detections or communications. This paper presents a semi-blind method to calibrate the uniform circle array (UCA) OAM generating system by using a virtual receiving sensor array without knowing the precise position of this auxiliary array. A low computational complexity algorithm is proposed to solve the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) for the amplitude and phase errors of the transducers of the UCA based on the separation of parameters to be estimated. Moreover, this MLE is proved to be related to the beamforming of the virtual array. Simulations indicate that this method can estimate the mismatch parameters of the UCA effectively, and experiments in an anechoic tank show that the OAM generating system can generate a desirable vortex beam after we compensate each transducer of the UCA.

Growth of surface wind-waves in water of finite depth: A laboratory experiment

This paper reports on laboratory experiment results on wind-driven surface waves in finite depth and their comparison with theoretical predictions and experimental in-situ studies. We introduce the Miles theory’s extension to the case of finite depth, as well as the rules transforming theoretical expressions to formulae commonly used in experimental routines, in particular the important rules transforming theoretical growth rates to experimental ones. Wind waves depend strongly on boundary marine layer parameters, namely, the aerodynamic roughness length, the Charnock constant, as well as the drag coefficient. Consequently, this work gives detailed measurements of these parameters in finite depths. Experiments conducted in the IRPHÉ/Pythéas wind-wave tank (Marseille, France), reveal that for a given wind speed, these values are higher in finite depth than in deep water. In the limit case of fully developed surface, due to depth, theoretical and empirical formulas relating the critical values of wave age to the non-dimensional depth have been experimentally verified. Plots of non-dimensional peak frequency, non-dimensional energy, and the inverse of wave age, against non-dimensional depth are presented. The plots clearly show that these quantities admit a limit due to the depth influence. All data obey the range of empirical values established in field experiments. Experimental data, obtained in the facility, agree with the theoretical family of depth-dependent wave growth rate as a function of wave age in finite depth. The non-dimensional growth-rate data obtained in our laboratory, as a function of the inverse of wave age, are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Miles theory in finite depth (Montalvo et al., 2013a,b, Latifi et al.. 2017), as well as measurements from other laboratories. • Wind-wave tank experiment on wave growth by the wind in finite depth environment. • Low-water depth have effects on transfers, drag, roughness and Charnock parameters. • For certain conditions of water depth and other parameters, the wave growth rate tend to zero. • Good comparison between Montalvo et al 2013 theory and experimental data. • All our experimental data are within the Young 1997 asymptotic depth limits.

Enhancing underwater Acoustic Identification Tag design using concurrent wireless ultrasonic power transfer and backscatter communication

Improvements in undersea localization and navigation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is critical. However using conventional active transponders as navigation aids is limited by powering constraints. Passive backscatter devices such as Acoustic Identification (AID)Tags are an alternate solution to this energy limitation [Satish et al., JASA 149 (2021)], but offer limited information content. To address this limitation, adding a wireless ultrasonic power transfer capability to these passive AID tags can be used to enable backscatterer uplink communication between the AID tag and an interrogating compact high-frequency SONAR system (which can be mounted on an AUV). Our design comprises a piezoelectric transducer impedance matched to a connected electrical load across two frequency ranges: a narrowband energy harvesting range, and a broadband data range. Onboard electronics harvest acoustic energy in the narrowband to power an onboard microcontroller, which can be used to simultaneously modulate the transducer broadband acoustic impedance by switching the electrical load connected to transducer during backscatter uplink communication. Water tank experiment using custom transducers, operating either around 1 MHz or 350 kHz, were conducted to quantify-amongst others-the operational source to tag distance, system power requirements and achievable communication data rates using the proposed concurrent ultrasonic power and data transfer approach.

A novel in-situ test method for permeability in saturated sandy porous media

Permeability is a vital parameter for the design and construction of structures involving ocean engineering. Based on the steady-state heat transfer theory and Darcy's law, a novel in-situ test method for permeability in saturated sandy porous media is introduced in this work. This approach aims to obtain permeability through the inversion of the measured temperatures. Temperatures measuring device with a constant heater was installed in an insulating experimental tank filled with sandy sediments of different permeability. Further, a numerical model based on the Finite Element method was simulated to validate the feasibility of the proposed method and accuracy of the experimental data. Besides, the results obtained by the constant head test were compared with those calculated by the novel in-situ test method, considering different surface temperatures of the heater and different sediments’ permeability. It shows that the permeability obtained by in-situ method are reliable and accurate (the accuracy is within one order of magnitude) in both numerical simulations and experimental tests. The effects of different surface temperatures of the heater and permeability of porous media on permeability calculation results were also discussed. The surface temperature was found that has little influence on permeability. And the proposed method is applicable when the permeability is higher than 10−12 m2. The findings can provide some reference to the in-situ measurement of submarine sediments' permeability.

Impact of phyto‐piscicides, mahua ( Bassia latifolia ) oil cake ( MOC ) and castor ( Ricinus communis L.) bean cake ( CBC ) upon the mineralizing heterotrophs in fish culture system

Comparative impact of two phyto-piscicides viz. mahua (Bassia latifolia) oil cake (MOC) and castor (Ricinus communis L.) bean cake (CBC) upon the mineralizing heterotrophs was tested in outdoor experimental tanks. Following a sharp decline, aerobic heterotrophs and cellulose decomposing bacterial population recovered and the population density remained significantly higher than the pre-treatment level, indicating strong heterotrophic potential of both the phyto-piscicides in the culture system. Among the nutrient mineralizers, the sustained negative effect of both the piscicides was observed in denitrifying and ammonifying bacteria, whereas population of nitrifying and phosphate solubilizing bacteria was not affected. Because of narrower C: N ratio, CBC underwent faster decomposition thereby expressed it is manurial value quicker than MOC after exerting toxicity at the beginning. However, with distinctly higher N:P ratio CBC treatment might result in P limitation and toxicity when acting as manure in the culture system.

CFD code comparison, verification and validation for decay tests of a FOWT semi-submersible floater

With the advancement of high-performance computation capabilities in recent years, high-fidelity modelling tools such as computational fluid dynamics are becoming increasingly popular in the offshore renewable sector. To justify the credibility of the numerical simulations, thorough verification and validation is essential. In this work, preparatory heave decay tests for a freely floating single cylinder are modelled. Subsequently, the surge and sway decays of a linearly moored floating offshore wind turbine model of the OC4 (Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation) phase II semi-submersible platform are simulated. Two different viscous-flow CFD codes are used: OpenFOAM (open-source), and ReFRESCO (community-based open-usage). Their results are compared against each other and with water tank experiments. For the single-cylinder decay simulations, it is found that the natural period is accurately modelled compared to the experimental results. Regarding the damping, both CFD codes are overly dissipative. Differences and their potential explanations become apparent in the analysis of the flow field data. Meanwhile, large numerical uncertainties especially in later oscillations make a distinct conclusion difficult. For the OC4 semi-submersible decay simulations, a better agreement in damping can be achieved, however discrepancies in results are observed when restricting the degrees of freedom of the platform. Flow field data again reveals differences between the CFD codes. Meanwhile, through the effort to use similar numerical settings and quantify the numerical uncertainties of the CFD simulations, this work represents a stepping stone towards fairer and more accurate comparison between CFD and experimental results.

Adaptive depth tracking of underwater vehicles considering actuator saturation: Theory, simulation and experiment

This paper investigates underwater vehicles' saturated depth tracking problem via an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) with an anti-saturation auxiliary compensator (ASAC). To suppress the chattering effect due to the discontinuity of the sliding mode control, a saturation function boundary layer is first applied in the AFSMC. Subsequently, a model-free fuzzy approximation system with a sliding mode surface as its input is designed for complex uncertainty compensation. Thereafter, a two-layer cascade ASAC is then attached to the controller to reject inherent actuator saturation efficiently. Based on the Lyapunov theorem and Barbalat's lemma, the stability of the entire closed-loop system is proved. Finally, the outperformance of the proposed depth tracking law is verified by numerical simulations and water tank experiments. Namely, there are improvements in tracking accuracy and energy consumption compared to the proportional integral differential algorithm.

Performance analysis of the SJTU-WEC based on the wave-to-wire model and the wave tank experiment

The development of wave energy has attracted wide attention. This paper proposes a conceptual design of a station featuring direct drive 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DoF) wave energy converter (SJTU-WEC), of which the numerical and experimental performances are studied. This article first introduces the power generation principle of the SJTU-WEC, of which the wave-to-wire (W2W) model is simplified and established as a 2-DoF model, including frequency domain and time domain. Then a 1:12.5 prototype is manufactured and tested in wave tank to study its performance. By comparing numerical and experimental results, the accuracy of the W2W model is verified. The experimental results show that the energy conversion efficiency reaches up to 28% under the specific wave condition. Finally, based on the W2W model, the power generation performance of the full-scale SJTU-WEC is obtained. In Lianyungang Sea areas, the average annual power generation of a single SJTU-WEC is calculated to be 108W.