Tangible Reality Research Articles

"This Verdict was Created with the Help of Generative AI...?" On the Use of Large Language Models by Judges

In selected jurisdictions like the USA, China, and Singapore, the integration of AI into judicial proceedings has become a tangible reality. Algorithms play a pivotal role in supporting decision-making processes during the formulation of judicial verdicts. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are also being increasingly used by judges, often in circumstances where the legal parameters surrounding their usage remain unclear. This comment delves into the realm of interdisciplinary research inquiries surrounding the application of AI in the judiciary. It begins by exploring how judges currently use ChatGPT in rendering verdicts within cases that have been publicly disclosed so far. Subsequently, it navigates through the array of questions different disciplines might pose concerning this development and discusses strategies for harmonizing these diverse perspectives in collaborative projects, potentially employing frameworks like the “orders of change” taxonomy. The article concludes with a call for increased research endeavors, particularly emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary cooperation to comprehensively address the application of AI in the judiciary.

Right to Food and Sustainable Food Systems in Nepal: Legal Frameworks, Achievements, and Challenges

Food insecurity remains a persistent challenge in Nepal. The right to food is a fundamental human right recognized in various international conventions and national legal frameworks. The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Regulation was drafted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nepal, and approved by the Council of Ministers in March 2024. The introduction of legal frameworks to ensure food security and their effective implementation is one of the key action tracks identified in Nepal’s National Food System Transformation Pathway. However, several challenges hinder the effective implementation of this regulation, including the availability of financial resources, technical manpower, the establishment of fair price shops, and the technical capacity of the implementing agency. Additionally, policy coherence across government tiers, the interests of external development partners, and certain cultural factors pose significant obstacles to the successful implementation of the regulation's provisions. A comprehensive approach is required, combining legal reforms, economic support, and social initiatives, to transform the right to food from a theoretical concept into a tangible reality for all Nepali citizens. This paper highlights the key provisions, the development process of the regulation, the roles of key stakeholders, and the challenges in its effective implementation. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 115-125.

Electrical-Light Coordinately Modulated Synaptic Memristor Based on Ti3C2 MXene for Near-Infrared Artificial Vision Applications.

Emerging optoelectronic memristive devices with high parallelism and low-power consumption have made neuromorphic computing hardware a tangible reality. The coordination of conductivity regulation through both electrical and light signals is pivotal for advancing the development of synaptic memristors with brainlike functionalities. Here, an artificial visual synapse is presented with the Ti3C2 MXene memristor which demonstrates not only the nonvolatile memory effect (Set/Reset: 0.58/-0.55 V; Retention: >103 s) and sustained multistage conductivity, but also facile modulation of both electrical- and light-stimulated synaptic behaviors. By adjusting the stimulus parameters, the Ti3C2 MXene enables the realization of biosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic current, sustained conductivity, stable long-term facilitation/depression, paired pulse facilitation, spiking-timing-dependent plasticity, and experiential learning. Particularly, benefiting from the distinguishable photoconductive and memory effects of multiple near-infrared intensities (7-13 mW/cm2), potential applications in visual nociceptive perception ("threshold", "noadaption", "relaxation") and imaging (e.g., "Superman" cartoon character) in infrared environments are well achieved in such Ti3C2 MXene memristors. These results hold significant implications for the future advancement of integrated optoelectronic sensing, memory, nociception, and imaging systems.

Decisions With Patients, Not for Patients: Shared Decision-Making in Allergy and Immunology

Shared Decision-Making (SDM) is an increasingly implemented patient-centred approach to navigating patient preferences regarding diagnostic and treatment options and supported decision-making. This therapeutic approach prioritizes the patient's perspectives, considering current medical evidence to provide a balanced approach to clinical scenarios. In light of numerous recent guideline recommendations that are conditional in nature, and are clinical scenarios defined by preference-sensitive care options, there is a tremendous opportunity for SDM and validated decision aids.Despite the expansion of the literature on SDM, formal acceptance among clinicians remains inconsistent. Surprisingly, a significant disparity exists between clinicians' self-reported adherence to SDM principles and patients' perceptions of its implementation during clinical encounters. This discrepancy underscores a fundamental issue in the delivery of healthcare, where clinicians may overestimate their integration of SDM, while patients' experiences suggest otherwise.This review critically examines the factors contributing to this inconsistency, including barriers within the healthcare system, clinician attitudes and behaviours, and patient expectations and preferences. By elucidating these factors in the fields of food allergy, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and other allergic diseases, this review aims to provide insights into bridging the gap between clinician perception and patient experience in SDM.Addressing this discordance is crucial for advancing patient-centred care and ensuring that SDM is not merely a theoretical concept but a tangible reality in the practice of Allergy and Immunology.

‘Where are we?’: The ghost as interrogative haunting in The Others

The ghost raises fundamental questions of reality, identity and epistemology. The ghost is the shadow image of otherness that threatens our notions of life, humanity and permanence by intimating that if death is permanent and the afterlife eternal, then perhaps it is our present tangible reality that is the simulacrum. The ghost interrogates the quotidian, not vice versa. The fetishization, aesthesizing and ritualizing of death in the Gothic aims consistently to defer the final definitive ending of death and the state of non-existence. As a memento mori, ghosts remind us that our ruminations of death are not morbid, but life-affirming. This article will explore the depiction of the afterlife in The Others () in which the living are simulations of the dead and vice versa. Unlike the typical horror movie, the predominant discourse of The Others is a postmodern interrogation of belief, truth and doctrine. The haunted house is an in-between land of purgatory, a death space of self-loss and separation that plays out in the conflict between religion and the supernatural. The questions with which the films ends – ‘What does all this mean? Where are we?’ – is not just a geographical question, but an ontological one. The interrogation of Biblical narratives causes the audience to evaluate the reliability of the discourse of established religion and its doctrine of the afterlife. By defying audience expectations of the generic conventions of the ghost story, the movie relies on the viewer’s faith that what we see on-screen is real, when this cinematic reality is as deceptive as seeing dead people artificially propped up to appear alive. Suspended between being and nothingness, both absent and present, the ghost is a metaphor for the simulacrum of film. The cinematic thus serves as the Other by which the real can be defined.

Echoes of Tomorrow: Reimagining the Internet of Things Today

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has turned the once-distant vision of accessing data seamlessly from physical spaces into a tangible reality. By integrating sensors and actuators into tangible objects, IoT streamlines communication and data exchange among them, leading to improved efficiency, real-time intelligent services, and enhanced quality of life. Over the last five years, the proliferation of IoT devices has skyrocketed, establishing IoT as one of the most disruptive technologies of recent times. In this paper, we conduct a thorough revaluation of IoT's impact on our daily lives, providing deep insights into its underlying technologies, varied applications, emerging trends, and significant challenges. Additionally, we highlight the crucial role of artificial intelligence in driving IoT to the forefront of transformative technologies, positioning it as potentially the most influential innovation in human history.

Foundations and applications of the orbital theory in chemistry: A philosophical perspective

The concept of atomic and molecular orbitals has been a fundamental pillar in modern chemistry, shedding light on the structures and reactivity of chemical compounds. This article examines the evolution and significance of orbital theory, its applications in chemistry, and the ongoing debate about the existence of orbitals from both physics and chemistry perspectives. Philosophical aspects related to the ontology of orbitals are explored, emphasizing the complex interplay between mathematical abstractions and tangible reality. The multifaceted nature of orbitals, their role in quantum mechanics, and their implications for understanding the quantum realm are discussed. While the debate surrounding the ontological status of orbitals remains ongoing, it highlights the profound nature of inquiries into the fundamental essence of reality. This exploration underscores the significance of continuous research and discourse in advancing our understanding of these fundamental constituents of the quantum world.

F. Schubert's Vocal Cycle “Die schöne müllerin” as Teaching Aid for the Professional Training of Concert Pianists

The article analyzes F. Schubertʼs vocal cycle Die schöne Müllerin from the point of view of its potential for professional training of pianists-accompanists. We are talkind about the development of an artistic concept of performing interpretation, the relationship between poetic and musical components, between vocal and piano parts, the types of ensemble texture and development of the ensemble qualities of a vocalist and pianist. It is concluded that the piano part plays not only the role of voice support here, but is also an important constructive component of the composition. The elements of instrumental figurativeness give to music visibility and tangible reality. They are associated with the show of the image of the Brook, as well as the reproduction of various sounds. Accompaniment is also important from the viewpoint of the ladoarmonic and thematic processes of the cycle. Highlighting the most expressive short melody on the piano, then Schubert develops it into the vocal part. The accompaniment with its own intonative material sometimes seems relatively dependent of the vocalist's part, offering only harmonic support although, often the piano part contains intonative material, equivalent to the vocal one. Work on the proposed cycle, gives to pianists-acompanists an excellent opportunity to develop technical and working qualities in ensemble, stimulate their imagination, etc. Piano accompaniment is likewise important from the outlook of the modal-harmonic and thematic processes of the cycle.

The KACA Looks Ahead to the Next Century With the Korean Journal of Communication

abstract: The Korean American Communication Association (KACA) celebrates the inauguration of the Korean Journal of Communication ( KJC ). The essay describes the journey undertaken by the KACA leadership to transform the vision of launching this journal into a tangible reality. This essay also reiterates the role the journal plays as a central hub for Korean communication scholarship, for not only the members of the KACA but also a wider audience.

Neuralink and Brain-Computer Interface-Exciting Times for Artificial Intelligence.

Purvish Mahendra ParikhBrain-computer interfaces are becoming a tangible reality, capable of significantly aiding patients in real-world scenarios. The recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical human trials of Neuralink marks a monumental stride, comparable to Mr. Armstrong's moonwalk. Numerous other companies are also pioneering innovative solutions in this domain. Presently, over 150,000 patients in the United States possess brain implants. As technology advances, it holds the potential to alleviate various conditions, notably motor paralysis, cerebral palsy, and involuntary movements.

The Implementation and Benefits of Telework in Various Sectors: Reality or Rhetoric?

This article explores the concept of telework, defined as work performed outside the traditional office, using technology to accomplish professional tasks. Initially designed to meet the needs of continuous customer support and to foster technological advancement, telework has been widely adopted by organizations due to its benefits, such as increased productivity, reduced operational costs, decreased traffic, and lower pollution. However, studies have highlighted significant challenges, such as employee feelings of isolation and the lack of effective managerial strategies to ensure connectivity and efficiency in remote work. Furthermore, the inadequate preparation for both the implementation and ongoing support of telework programs has become obvious. This article examines the implementation of telework and its benefits across various HoReCa organizations well equipped with digital tools and platforms, aiming to determine whether it represents a tangible reality or merely a management rhetoric by highlighting, within SWOT analyses, the advantages and challenges associated with this transition brought about by the adoption of telework.

Photonic neural networks and optics-informed deep learning fundamentals

The recent explosive compute growth, mainly fueled by the boost of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep neural networks (DNNs), is currently instigating the demand for a novel computing paradigm that can overcome the insurmountable barriers imposed by conventional electronic computing architectures. Photonic neural networks (PNNs) implemented on silicon integration platforms stand out as a promising candidate to endow neural network (NN) hardware, offering the potential for energy efficient and ultra-fast computations through the utilization of the unique primitives of photonics, i.e., energy efficiency, THz bandwidth, and low-latency. Thus far, several demonstrations have revealed the huge potential of PNNs in performing both linear and non-linear NN operations at unparalleled speed and energy consumption metrics. Transforming this potential into a tangible reality for deep learning (DL) applications requires, however, a deep understanding of the basic PNN principles, requirements, and challenges across all constituent architectural, technological, and training aspects. In this Tutorial, we, initially, review the principles of DNNs along with their fundamental building blocks, analyzing also the key mathematical operations needed for their computation in photonic hardware. Then, we investigate, through an intuitive mathematical analysis, the interdependence of bit precision and energy efficiency in analog photonic circuitry, discussing the opportunities and challenges of PNNs. Followingly, a performance overview of PNN architectures, weight technologies, and activation functions is presented, summarizing their impact in speed, scalability, and power consumption. Finally, we provide a holistic overview of the optics-informed NN training framework that incorporates the physical properties of photonic building blocks into the training process in order to improve the NN classification accuracy and effectively elevate neuromorphic photonic hardware into high-performance DL computational settings.

Finances of Centre for Distance Education, Osmania University in Telangana State

The distance and open learning has witnessed a tremendous progress in the recent past in India. The Directorate of Distance Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, is one of the third biggest Universities of Andhra Pradesh. The Osmania University established in 1919, is the seventh oldest in the country, third oldest in South India and the first to be established in the princely State of Hyderabad. One of the basic ideals of Osmania University is to achieve an intellectual synthesis of oriental and occidental learning of the best that has been thought of and said, both in the East and in the West. Further, it aims at a cultural synthesis (as reflected in its architectural variety), the development of a national ethos and the creation of an academic and social environment in which ‘National Integration’ is not a nebulous idea but a tangible reality. The Vision of the University is to generate and disseminate knowledge through a harmonious blend of ancient and modern wisdom, and to serve the society by developing in students heightened intellectual, cultural, ethical and humane sensitivities to foster a scientific temper, and to promote professional and technological expertise. Central to this vision is a commitment to regional and national development in consonance with our culture, heritage and environment. The advantage of CDE of OU is location in the state capital and increased job potential due to number of industries, organizations, Universities, and institutions of state and national level. But owing to establishment of DECs of other Universities in Hyderabad, the enrolment has been gradually decreasing. In CDE of OU, the mean value of consolidated income is registered at high magnitude. Yearly variations in consolidated income are wild and wide but the growth rate in income is moderate. The average income from examination and ‘others’ is moderate. While average income from University is low, it reported high in the case of income from courses. The yearly variations in income are more pronounced in the case of courses and examinations while moderate trend is noticed in the case of income from University and ‘others’. Study material waste should be minimized. Study material shall get printed optimally. In other words, the study material shall be printed on demand-wise and need basis. An appropriate organization model at DEC level shall be developed. The suggested model is that under Director, there shall be two Deputy Directors and four Assistant Directors representing key areas of the administration.

An Investigation of Applying Large Language Models to Spoken Language Learning

People have long desired intelligent conversational systems that can provide assistance in practical scenarios. The latest advancements in large language models (LLMs) are making significant strides toward turning this aspiration into a tangible reality. LLMs are believed to hold the most potential and value in education, especially in the creation of AI-driven virtual teachers that facilitate language learning. This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of LLMs within the educational domain, specifically in the areas of spoken language learning, which encompass phonetics, phonology, and second language acquisition. To this end, we first introduced a new multiple-choice question dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of LLMs in the aforementioned scenarios, including the understanding and application of spoken language knowledge. Moreover, we investigated the influence of various prompting techniques such as zero- and few-shot methods (prepending the question with question-answer exemplars), chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, in-domain exemplars, and external tools. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of popular LLMs (20 distinct models) using these methods. The experimental results showed that the task of extracting conceptual knowledge posed few challenges for these LLMs, whereas the task of application questions was relatively difficult. In addition, some widely proven effective prompting methods combined with domain-specific examples resulted in significant performance improvements compared to the zero-shot baselines. Additionally, some other preliminary experiments also demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of different LLMs. The findings of this study can shed light on the application of LLMs to spoken language learning.

The Implications of Realism School in the Printed Advertisement

The study titled "The implications of Realism School in Printed Advertisements" delves into the significant themes related to reality and truth as a central focus in art, in contrast to other themes that rely on imagination. Realism School stands as one of the most prominent artistic movements that emerged as a reaction to Romanticism, which sought to escape reality and delve deep into imagination, illusions, and dreams. Realism, as a doctrine, places material, tangible reality as the primary consideration and envisions things clearly as they are in the real world. The research consists of four chapters. The first chapter presents the research problem, encapsulated in the question: "What are the reflections of Realism School in printed advertisements?" The objective is to uncover these reflections and define the key terms. The second chapter comprises two sections: the first discusses the foundations and concepts of Realism School, while the second explores the function and aesthetics of printed advertisements in social reality. This chapter concludes with indications of the theoretical framework. The third chapter elucidates the research community, research methodology, research tools, and the analysis of the research sample. Finally, the fourth chapter contains the research's conclusions.

Inkjet Printing of Pharmaceuticals.

Inkjet printing (IJP) is an additive manufacturing process that selectively deposits ink materials, layer-by-layer, to create 3D objects or 2D patterns with precise control over their structure and composition. This technology has emerged as an attractive and versatile approach to address the ever-evolving demands of personalized medicine in the healthcare industry. Although originally developed for nonhealthcare applications, IJP harnesses the potential of pharma-inks, which are meticulously formulated inks containing drugs and pharmaceutical excipients. Delving into the formulation and components of pharma-inks, the key to precise and adaptable material deposition enabled by IJP is unraveled. The review extends its focus to substrate materials, including paper, films, foams, lenses, and 3D-printed materials, showcasing their diverse advantages, while exploring a wide spectrum of therapeutic applications. Additionally, the potential benefits of hardware and software improvements, along with artificial intelligence integration, are discussed to enhance IJP's precision and efficiency. Embracing these advancements, IJP holds immense potential to reshape traditional medicine manufacturing processes, ushering in an era of medical precision. However, further exploration and optimization are needed to fully utilize IJP's healthcare capabilities. As researchers push the boundaries of IJP, the vision of patient-specific treatment is on the horizon of becoming a tangible reality.

Imagining the Past of the Present

Abstract Some objects we value because they afford a felt connection with people, events or places connected with their past. Visiting Canterbury cathedral, you encounter the place where, in 1170, Archbishop Thomas Becket was murdered by four knights of Henry II. Knowing that you are standing in the very place where Becket's blood was spilled gives the past event a sense of tangible reality. One feels ‘in touch with’ the past; history seems to ‘come alive’. In this paper, I propose an explanation for the phenomenology of such experiences in terms of an imaginative activity that represents what an object is historically connected with as part of the object in the present. One imagines of the site of Becket's murder Becket being murdered. According to my account, objects that embody their histories are representations in Kendall Walton's sense: they have the function of serving as props in games of make-believe.

Pathogenesis is the Basis of the Doctrine of Acute Pneumonia and the Principles of its Treatment

Modern medicine has achieved phenomenal success in many areas, turning into a visual and tangible reality the embodiment of some phenomena that in previous years could only be read in works of science fiction.

Predictors of depression: lifestyle choices during the pandemic.

Our study intends to specify the impact of the singular pandemic stressors on the population and also quantify the contribution of different predictors of depression; some of them are stronger than others, and this research shows how the whole effect is divided into single items. This research included a structured online survey using data from 11,340 respondents from six European countries during the first months of the pandemic. The statistical analysis focused on how behavioural patterns appear in different groups of the population and how they mark the psychological wellbeing of these groups with regard to various factors. We targeted social media's role and analyzed the impact of its consumption on symptoms of depression in different groups divided by age and other characteristics. The analysis creates a mosaic of lifestyle choices and other characteristics that manifest different effects on depression inside selected groups whereas several groups generated by the cluster analysis are less vulnerable to their effect than others. Regarding our findings, the perceived reality through information sources and the manner of their processing seems to be more significant than the tangible reality (poor self-reported health correlated with depression more strongly than intrinsic health limitations).

Elephant Hunt: The Search for the Oil and Gas Supplies to 2050

_ The oil and gas industry is at a critical juncture in the evolving global energy landscape. As the world intensifies its focus on combating climate change and embracing renewable energy sources, traditional fossil fuel exploration faces unprecedented challenges. The energy transition is now a tangible reality, reshaping the foundations of the oil and gas sector. However, just as there is no shortage of proclamations that the end draws near for King Fossil’s reign at the top of the energy resource pyramid, an equally high number sees the old king hanging around beyond 2050. This back-and-forth between renewable and fossil energy proponents gives all a good bone of contention to gnaw on. In September, Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), wrote in the Financial Times that it is taboo to suggest that demand for fossil fuels could go into permanent decline. He announced that the relentless age of growth for fossil fuels is set to decline by 2030, according to new projections by the IEA set to be released this month in its World Energy Outlook. OPEC criticized the announcement, describing the narrative as “extremely risky and impractical to dismiss fossil fuels or to suggest that they are at the beginning of their end.” The oil-producing nations group said the IEA’s thinking on fossil fuels is ideologically driven rather than fact-based, and predictions like these are “dangerous” because they are often accompanied by calls to stop investing in new oil and gas projects. Upstream Investment: Too Little or Just Right? The IEA and OPEC did find a small patch of common ground, agreeing that there would still be demand for oil and gas in 2050 and that continued investment in new oil and gas projects is needed. The underinvestment in upstream asset development has been a concern for several years, with the COVID-19 pandemic only exacerbating the issue, and according to a recent report by Goldman Sachs, oil and gas activity declined at a compounded 7% from 2014 to 2021. The investment bank expects primary energy capital expenditure to grow 48% by 2027 to $1.9 trillion, up from $1.3 trillion in 2022. “We believe the energy industry has been underinvesting since the peak of 2014, with investments in traditional energy (upstream oil and gas) falling 50% in 2020 from the peak and driving an 18% reduction in global primary energy investments, from $1.3 trillion in 2014 to $1.0 trillion in 2020,” the bank said. “A number of oil and gas investment decisions had been delayed since 2014, translating into 10 million B/D of lost oil production by 2024–2025—equivalent to Saudi Arabia’s annual production—and 3 million BOED of lost LNG production—more than Qatar, on our estimates,” according to Goldman Sachs.