Tangible Properties Research Articles

Mahalaxmi Jatra: An Amazing Festival Tourism Product of Lubhu, Nepal

Lubhu is one of the historical and cultural tourist destinations located on Mahalaxmi municipality 8, Lalitpur district of Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. There can observe and have a wonderful experience of tangible and intangible cultural tourism properties within core of Lubhu. The people of Lubhu annually celebrate different colourful festivals and Jatras such as Mahalaxmi Jatra, Nepal Sambat, Buddha Jayanti, Dashain, Tihar, Yomahri Punhi, Gobrateswor Mahadev jatra, Gaijatra, Krishna Janmasthami, Naag Panchami, Gathemangal, Ram Nawami, Chaite Dashain, Holi, Shivaratri, Shree Panchami, Pishach Chaturdashi, Byaja Chaturdashi on the special auspicious occasions. Among them, Mahalaxmi Jatra is an amazing cultural heritage and festival tourism product of Lubhu. It celebrates in the month of Baishakha especially from Baishakha Sukla Tritiya till to Ekadasi which takes more than a week for its completion. It is considered a hallmark of indigenous cultural identity and a popular cultural tourism product of the destination. But, through the tourist and tourism perspectives this Jatra is still not adequately exposed. Hence it is necessary to recognize Mahalaxmi Jatra as a prominent tourism product of Lubhu. How it is celebrated? what its celebrating processes, processions, rites and rituals, customs and customary laws? how far it is considered as an important source for alluring tourists and what are the major problems and challenges that hindering over the promotion to it as a tourism product? are the major questions and research gaps which have been answered and addressed through this paper. Likewise, to explore the different aspects embedded with Mahalaxmi Jatra of Lubhu and to examine Mahalaxmi Jatra of Lubhu as an amazing cultural tourism product are the key objectives of the paper. In this paper both primary and secondary data and qualitative approach have been used and it is based on analytical and descriptive research design.

A CASE STUDY OF ORGANISATIONAL MARGINALISATION VIS-À-VIS MALAY COMMUNITY IN UNESCO GEORGE TOWN WORLD HERITAGE SITE, PENANG, MALAYSIA

This study offers an analysis of organisations’ heritage-related Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects with reference to the multi-ethnic communities in UNESCO George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The existing analysis towards the battles to promote and conserve the UNESCO heritage enclave’s tangible and intangible heritage properties have generally revolved around local, state, and federal-level organisations, neglecting the voices of marginalised ethnic groups. The marginalised ethnic group of concern is the Malay communities. The aims to be achieved are three-fold: (i) To examine the patterns of ethnic marginalisation occurring in the ethnic composition of the organisations, (ii) to explore the patterns of ethnic marginalisation occurring in heritage-related CSR projects of the organisations, and (iii) to develop the emergent typologies stemming from the patterns of ethnic marginalisation. 22 CSR executives participated in this study. The findings indicate four typologies of organisational marginalisation with reference to the Malay community in the heritage enclave.

Fabrication of porous carbon nanofiber webs from polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate for NaCl removal from water using capacitive deionization

Abstract Capacitive deionization (CDI) has shown potential in addressing freshwater scarcity. CDI's electrode design is a key to better performance as it determines the extent of water purification. For carbon electrodes, the pore structure is an important factor influencing removal kinetics and ion storage. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers with diameters ranging from 277 to 348 nm were fabricated from blends of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) through electrospinning and carbonization. Surface area and pore properties were adjusted by varying the proportions of the precursors while ensuring no adverse alteration to the products' tangible properties. Enhanced pore structure and specific surface area were evident in the blend-based carbon nanofibers. The blend ratio of 2:8 (CA:PAN) had a high specific surface area of 925.47 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.7884 cm3/g. Correspondingly, a high specific capacitance of 177.5 F/g was attained. Desalination performance was determined in batch mode using 500 mg/L NaCl solution. A salt adsorption capacity of 6.57 mg/g and charge efficiency of 0.46 was obtained for the blend that had 20% CA. The carbon nanofibers demonstrated good desalination stability when used repetitively indicating their excellent potential for practical application.

The Application of Essential Facilities Doctrine in Antitrust Regulation of IP Rights

The State Administration for Market Regulation has referred to the concept of "essential facilities" in two regulations, and some courts have utilized the essential facilities doctrine in their judgments to recognize a defendant's refusal to deal as an illegal act of monopolization. As a doctrine originally applicable only to tangible properties in the United States, the essential facilities doctrine has gradually evolved through case law to be applied in the context of intellectual property (IP) rights. Nevertheless, there remains significant controversy in China and other jurisdictions as to whether the essential facilities doctrine can be extended to IP rights. Given the fundamental differences between intangible and tangible properties, as well as the core mechanisms of IP laws, greater caution and limits must be exercised when applying the essential facilities doctrine to IP. Specifically, (1) compulsory licensing should only be implemented when the IP in question is deemed an essential facility; (2) Article 7 of the Provisions on the Prohibition of the Abuse of Intellectual Property to Eliminate or Restrict Competition should be interpreted as "harm the competition in the secondary market"; and (3) in cases involving compulsory licensing, the court should examine whether such licensing would have an unreasonable adverse impact on the rights holder.

Tangible Cultural Properties of Abucay, Bataan, Philippines: Significance, Issues, and Conservation Measures

The rich history and culture of Abucay, Bataan is reflected in its tangible cultural properties. Hence, this study aimed to document the tangible cultural properties of Abucay, Bataan specifically its significance, issues, and conservation measures. Following participatory cultural mapping as an approach to this research, this study employs the Cultural Mapping System of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Using the Cultural Mapping Toolkit of NCCA, a semi-structured interview questionnaire, and documentary analysis, this study identified and documented nineteen movable tangible cultural properties and seven immovable tangible cultural properties. This study found that cultural properties of Abucay, Bataan are now threatened by environmental disasters, sensitivity of the materials, and a lack of training and knowledge on the proper handling of tangible cultural properties. Nonetheless, the locals are quite receptive to conserving these properties. Indeed, the study demonstrates the conventional thinking that history and culture are inextricably linked. They are strongly intertwined and may be explored concurrently using material objects, both movable and immovable. Thus, the study recommends collaboration among the local government unit, academic institutions, and private organizations in promoting Abucay, Bataan’s cultural and historical treasures. Finally, the identified tangible cultural propertiees must be included in mainstream curricula particularly in teaching Social Studies in basic education through the collaborative effort and support of the Department of Education, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the Municipal Government of Abucay. Keywords: Abucay; immovable; movable; tangible cultural heritage

Touch and Bodily Transparency

Abstract As most philosophers recognize, the body’s central role in touch differs from the role it plays in the other sense modalities. Any account of touch must then explain the pivotal nature of the body’s involvement in touch. Unlike most accounts of touch, this paper argues that the body’s centrality in touch is not phenomenological or experiential: the body is not felt in any special way in tactile experiences. Building on Aristotle’s account in De Anima, I argue that the body is central in touch because it is the medium of tactile perception. Touch depends on the body as vision and audition depend on air or any medium that can transmit light or sound waves. I show that it is precisely because the body must be transparent in order to transmit tangible properties that it cannot be perceived or experienced in tactile perception. Although this account conflicts with the widespread view that tactile perception is mediated by bodily sensations, I maintain that it explains how the structure and constitution of the human body contribute directly to what we feel in tactile experiences and that it provides a better understanding of the relation between the sense of touch and our bodily feelings.

Material Selection Method Using Tangible and Intangible Material Properties: A Case Study of Travel Luggage

Material Selection Method Using Tangible and Intangible Material Properties: A Case Study of Travel Luggage

Politics of Literary Materiality: Yun Ihyŏng and Postmillennial South Korean Literature

Abstract In the 1990s, South Korean literature underwent a crisis of relevance due to the changing materiality of cultural production as shaped by globalization, neoliberalism, and technological saturation. Nevertheless, the postmillennial decades have witnessed an efflorescence of new styles and voices in the literary field. Abroad, South Korean literature in translation has achieved unprecedented success in Anglophone publishing. At home, #MeToo has converged with structural critiques against the literary institution, animated by online social movements and new paradigms for understanding relationships between politics, affect, and everyday life. This article begins by exploring these phenomena through the framework of “literary materiality,” understood as a set of contradictions about tangible and intangible properties distributed across intransitivity of signs, book-as-thing, codes and networks, material conditions of writerly life, and entities that confer and mediate literary value. The article goes on to examine the case of Yun Ihyŏng, whose oeuvre and activism have mobilized against the culture of literary commodification operating immanently in and across these forms. This article argues that her attempt to claim moral autonomy from the South Korean literary system is a promising vector in the ongoing struggle to dis-alienate literary culture in the age of neoliberal globalization.

Transferring from wheelchair to bed: (Re)subjectifying and partner-positioning a person with late-stage dementia in the care task

Assisting people into bed is in many ways centered around the person’s body—it is the body that needs to be moved and laid down. As a result, the body’s material and tangible properties—the body as an object—are foregrounded. This study demonstrates, however, how care workers, when assisting a person with late-stage dementia into bed, maintain a balance between handling the body of the care-recipient as an object of care and including the person as a co-participant in the activity, highlighting the participatory role of the person, and thus positioning the care-recipient as a partner in the activity of the transfer. Drawing on multimodal conversation analysis, and presenting two cases of transfer, the study shows that the activity of moving into bed is usually organized into three consecutive sequences of (a) preparing the move, (b) transfer proper, and (c) adjusting the resident in bed. In every phase of the activity, caregivers, through careful and coordinated embodied and verbal interactions, manage the care-recipient not only as an object of care and her body as an objective body but also as a lived body, highlighting the agentive and subjective aspects of the resident’s personhood. The results of the study point to care workers’ skillful handling of interactional resources to deal with the social sensitivity of moving assistance-dependent residents to their bed through partner-positioning the resident, and thus (re)subjectifying the person with late-stage dementia despite the objectifying aspects of the transfer.

문화재 명칭의 ‘寺址’ 사용 연원과 개선안 연구

The purpose of this study was to consider the beginning and origin of the use of ‘Saji(寺址)’ used as a term of tangible cultural properties, and propose an plan for improvement, by finding out problems. The terms of cultural properties should be crated for people to easily understand and remember. The ‘Saji’, however, has many homophones, so it would be difficult to understand it, unless the Chinese character is simultaneously written. Although the original Korean nouns, such as ‘Jeolteo’, ‘Sagi(寺 基)’ and ‘Saji(寺址)’ are synonyms, ‘Sagi(寺基)’ was used as the transcription of ‘Jeolteo’ in the data produced before the creation of Hangeul, while ‘Saji(寺址)’ seems to be used, as Japanese attached it to the names of our cultural p roperties, a fter t he p eriod of J apanese colony. T he t erm ‘Jeolteo’ may be easily understood as the name of cultural properties, so this study proposed that it is better to attach ‘Jeolteo’ to the names of cultural properties, rather than ‘Saji’. The types of how ‘Saji’ is combined with the names can be divided into two: ‘Sa’ of the proper noun ‘Hwangryongsaji’ cannot be separated, so only ‘ji’ should be replaced by ‘teo’‘ ; ’Saji’ should be replaced by ‘Jeolteo’, for ‘Jahangrisaji’, the type in which the word ‘Saji’ is combined with the proper noun ’Janghangri’ The meaning of ‘Saji’ might be understood, when Chinese characters were often used or they were simultaneously written. Now, however, they are not simultaneously written in most cases, and moreover, many generations cannot understand them. It is desirable to change the names of cultural properties into those which every people can easily understand. Furthermore, it is also necessary to remove ‘Saji’, as the term is a trace of the Japanese colony.

일본 무형문화재 및 무형민속문화재 등록제도 신설에 대한 고찰

On April 16, 2021, the Amendment of the Cultural Properties Protection Law of Japan was made. There are several important amendments to cultural properties. Among them, this study focused on the newly established registration system for intangible cultural properties and intangible folklore cultural properties. In Japan, only tangible cultural properties, monuments and tangible folklore cultural properties have operated a registration system. In 2021, the registration system has been extended to include intangible cultural properties and intangible folklore cultural properties. The reason for this is as follows. Due to changes in lifestyle and low birth and aging, the number of people responsible for the next generation of intangible cultural properties is decreasing. The situation surrounding the preservation and utilization of intangible cultural properties is worsening and their survival is becoming more difficult. Lastly, the spread of COVID-19 is causing a serious crisis in the succession of intangible cultural properties. Since the current designed system about cultural properties cannot adequately cope with such a crisis situation, it was created for more faithful protection measures for intangible cultural properties. The registration system refers to flexible protection measures based on the owner's voluntary application and the guidance and advice of the state.

Reconciling the Conservation of Cultural Heritage with Rural Development

Reconciling the Conservation of Cultural Heritage with Rural Development

Urban historic heritage buffer zone delineation: the case of Shedian

Buffer zones help protect historical heritage sites’ integrity, authenticity, and sustainability, and thus are an essential measure for protecting such sites. Traditional buffer zone delineation considers mainly the urban texture, a rigid boundary, visual corridor construction, and other factors. A more direct approach is designating a rated outer periphery that includes historic properties as a buffer zone. However, boundaries determined by single-value orientation tend to omit protected objects. A buffer zone formed by boundary translation and enclosure will include many low-value areas in the protection scope, thereby wasting resources and affecting historic towns’ natural development, resulting in a severe contradiction between humanity and the earth. This paper proposes a new method for delimiting buffer zones. The method arises from the field that covers the value assessment of cultural heritage and from the principles of comprehensive protection, which combine cultural heritage’s tangible and intangible properties. We used 29 historical preservation plans as samples to obtain statistics on their protection content, selected natural and agriculture landscapes, architectural features, construction quality, number of stories in a building, building age, protection class, street pattern, historical elements, urban texture, cultural industry, and cultural elements according to the frequency of occurrence as the primary factors affecting a buffer zone’s boundary demarcation. These factors were weighed and evaluated by the multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) to create a comprehensive evaluation map for helping determine a buffer zone’s boundary. Using such method, we identified the value of historical heritage through employing the quantitative analysis method of MCDM. We also used the evaluation result to determine the buffer zone boundary objectively. This approach rectifies the problems found in previous studies, namely an incomplete accounting of all relevant factors and a lack of data; it also provides a definition of an historical heritage buffer zone.

Place and role of rebranding in increasing market capitalization of modern energy companies

The author estimates the impact of the rebranding process on the capitalization of modern energy companies.Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, the main theoretical aspects of the brand renewal process have been identified and presented. Examples of the world practice of rebranding in the energy sector are given on the examples of such corporations as AGL Australia, Eversource (formerly Northeast Utilities), Statoil, Gas Natural Fenosa, PJSC Rosseti. The concept of initial brand is studied, and the analysis of rebranding in one of Russia’s largest energy companies, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, is presented from the concept to implementation. It is estimated that due to rebranding, all subsidiaries and organizations of this company will be united under a common brand name, which should further unite all the separate parts of the holding into a single streamlined system. This will further enhance both the company’s reputation and economic standing on international markets. The potential and authority of the Rosatom brand are forecast to rise, with the corporation becoming more competitive and attractive for investors. In the long term, this will definitely affect the total capitalization of Rosatom. According to all forecasts, this will rise, bringing the company good profits, along with considerable proceeds to the Russian Federation budget.The research methodology is consistent with conventional boundaries, with a full set of approaches typical of research of a social phenomenon, such as the company's rebranding activities. As a hypothesis, a convincing and proven assumption has been put forward that the brand has become as important factor in competitiveness as the tangible properties of company products. Rebranding is therefore taking a leading role in increasing the market capitalization and competitiveness of a company in international markets.

Evaluating the sufficiency of proposed security measures in favour of building objects

Security is understood as one of the basic life needs of people. However, it is necessary to realize that security is a natural quality of the environment where people live and is designated as a security environment. The need for sacurity is part of implementing sacurity measures that are created in compliance with a certain level of knowledge and needs. The content of this process can be characterized as a set of answers to primary questions (What is to be protected? – protected interest, Why to protect?, What to protect from? – threats) and secondary questions (Who will provide the protection?, How will the protection be provided?, When will the protection be provided?, By means of what will the protection be provided?, What price will the protection be provided for? etc.). From this viewpoint it is necessary to pay attention primarily to the problems concerning property protection from intentional actions focusing on protecting a particular building onject. In case of building objects it is primarily about the protection of tangible and intangible properties that are part of a particular limited area (mostly a building object) that is in possession or administration of a particular state or a private subject. The issues are dealt with by legal regulations, technical standards and various technical books. These usually concentrate on a particular area, kind of a building object and/or environment. However, none of them focuses on the property protection in a complex way and does not provide a satisfactory answer to the question "How to create protection systems in view of their sufficiency, complexity and balance in the technical and economic spheres?" That is why it is a social interest to search for new standardized procedures based on exact methods by means of which it will be possible, in empiric or intuitive ways, to exactly evaluate the effectivness of the existing or proposed property protection systems, including the formal desposition of results in project solutions Keywords: Project, Project documentation, Attack, Intervention and Detection time, Resistance of a building object, Modeling, Simulating

Lockdown in a disneyfied city: Krak\xf3w Old Town and the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic

This paper presents the geography of the historic central district of Kraków, Poland before, during and after the first wave of the 2020 pandemic. It describes how the disneyfied main part of the UNESCO heritage site of universal values turned into a ghost town as functional changes were turning into physical ones amid restrictions. From the results of pre-pandemic processes (that, as we argue, turned the city into its disneyfied version), to the lockdown (that later revealed itself to be but the first one in a row), to the post-lockdown recovery, these changes are presented in modified figure-ground diagrams with accessibility being defined by both tangible and intangible properties. The results are set against the background of the city’s current policies regarding economic recovery, mobility and accessibility to urban green areas. As an attempt to address the present vulnerability of the once resilient historic city centres—of which Kraków Old Town is a luminous example—this paper tends to be a voice in the debate on the post-2020 planning and the strategies we will need to face the subsequent waves of this, or other, pandemics as well as consequences of climate change.

Uncertainties in quantitative mineralogical studies using scanning electron microscope-based image analysis

Scanning electron microscope-based automated mineralogy studies are readily associated with quantitative results, providing one of the foundations of geometallurgical studies. Despite the importance of quantitative data for such studies, and efforts to reduce statistical errors, the reporting of uncertainties is rare. This contribution illustrates how bootstrap resampling can be used to provide robust estimates of statistical uncertainties for the modal mineralogy, metal deportment and all relevant textural attributes of a sample or a series of samples. Based on a case study of the Bolcana Au-Cu porphyry deposit in the South Apuseni Mountains, Romania, the impact of insufficient sampling statistics on quantitative mineralogical studies is illustrated. Quantitative analyses of the mineralogy and microfabric of milled ore samples from seven 40 m drill core intervals from the Bolcana Prospect were conducted using a Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA), complemented by electron probe micro-analysis. Bootstrap resampling was then applied to assess how many grain mount surfaces should be analysed to achieve statistically robust results for both Cu and Au mineralogy, deportment and textural attributes. Despite variable mineralogy, grades and mineralisation styles, estimated statistical uncertainties on Cu deportment are consistently low. In contrast, uncertainties for Au deportment are so high that most reported values for important characteristics are statistically meaningless. This is mainly attributed to the pronounced nugget effect for Au mineralisation, exacerbated by the small sample size analysed by MLA. An unfeasible number of measurements would be necessary to provide robust figures for the deportment of minor/trace elements and minerals, along with other tangible mineralogical properties, such as mineral associations. The results of this case study demonstrate that statistical uncertainties need to be carefully incorporated when considering the results of automated mineralogical studies and their impact on geometallurgical models. This is particularly relevant for studies of precious metal ores.

The Authenticity of the Hidden Christians’ Villages in Nagasaki: Issues in Evaluation of Cultural Landscapes

Located in the north-western part of Kyushu, “Hidden Christians Sites in the Nagasaki Region” were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. This serial property consists of twelve sites, including the Christian villages that bear unique testimony to a cultural tradition nurtured under a long period of religious prohibition. Based on fieldwork research at Kirishitan villages in Hirado City, this paper shows how the global conservation strategies affect the local people and the sustainability of their cultural tradition. Comparing UNESCO and Japanese cultural landscape protection policies, I argue that the evaluation and selection of sites that begin at the local authorities and stakeholders’ level, is eventually reduced to tangible properties ready-made for tourist consumption. Here, the evaluation subsides under the UNESCO authenticity criteria and narrow governmental interests towards the cultural tradition it is supposed to protect. Therefore, for the protection of cultural landscapes and the living traditions, the decisions by cultural heritage protection authorities should be carefully made, based on scientific research of a cultural tradition, and in the interest of the tradition’s living successors.

Development of the drilling mud composition for directional wellbore drilling considering rheological parameters of the fluid

Article presents investigations on the development of a drilling mud composition for directional wells in an oil field located in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia). Various rheological models of fluid flow and their applicability for drilling muds are analyzed. Laboratory experiments to measure the main rheological parameters of a solution, such as plastic viscosity, dynamic shear stress, as well as indicators of non-linearity and consistency are presented.
 On the basis of laboratory investigations, it was concluded that high molecular weight polymer reagents (for example, xanthan gum) can give tangible pseudoplastic properties to the washing fluid, and their combination with a linear high molecular weight polymer (for example, polyacrylamide) reduces the value of dynamic shear stress. Thus, when selecting polymer reagents for treating drilling muds at directional drilling, it is necessary to take into account their structure, molecular weight and properties. Combination of different types of reagents in the composition of the drilling mud can lead to a synergistic effect and increase the efficiency of the drilling process as a whole.

Freedom of choice adds value to public goods

Public goods, ranging from judiciary to sanitation to parkland, permeate daily life. They have been a subject of intense interdisciplinary study, with a traditional focus being on participation levels in isolated public goods games (PGGs) as opposed to a more recent focus on participation in PGGs embedded into complex social networks. We merged the two perspectives by arranging voluntary participants into one of three network configurations, upon which volunteers played a number of iterated PGGs within their network neighborhood. The purpose was to test whether the topology of social networks or a freedom to express preferences for some local public goods over others affect participation. The results show that changes in social networks are of little consequence, yet volunteers significantly increase participation when they freely express preferences. Surprisingly, the increase in participation happens from the very beginning of the game experiment, before any information about how others play can be gathered. Such information does get used later in the game as volunteers seek to correlate contributions with higher returns, thus adding significant value to public goods overall. These results are ascribable to a small number of behavioral phenotypes, and suggest that societies may be better off with bottom-up schemes for public goods provision.