Tanganyika Territory Research Articles

Relations between Number in Brood, Feeding-Rate and Nestling Period in Nine Species of Birds in Tanganyika Territory

Especially in view of the recent work on the significance of clutch-size (Lack, I947), it is desirable to ascertain to what extent parent birds adjust the frequency of their feeding visits to the number of young in the nest; whether in the amount of food they receive the members of larger broods are at any disadvantage compared with those of smaller broods; and whether a lower feeding-rate is correlated with slower development of the young in the nest. This study is based primarily on about 5000 hr. of observations made by supervised African observers between 1937 and I946. They are selected from the later stages of the nestling periods, when the feeding activities of the parents were not confused by brooding. All the work was done at Amani, in Tanganyika Territory at 50 S., except for one species, the Colletoptera, which was studied about 50 miles away on the shores of the Indian Ocean. Amani is an evergreen locality in which forest of an especially luxuriant type predominates, as described elsewhere (Moreau, I935); but most of the data on which the present analysis is based are derived from hirundines and swifts nesting in clearings. The length of day in these latitudes is always within 20 min. of 12 hr., and the active period of all diurnal birds, including swifts, varies throughout the year only between about i21 and 13 hr. The observations were made in continuous spells of 7 or 8 hr. as a rule, but occasionally from dawn to dusk; and for each nest from 4 to 13 days of observations are available for the present purpose. As I have had occasion to remark before, I am satisfied of the general reliability of the Africans' work. In the detailed accounts I have already published of the breeding biology of some of the birds here dealt with, feeding-rates were calculated on a time-unit of 200 min., since the hour is an inconveniently short unit for recording activity of swifts. However, the use of the 200-min. unit has given rise to some difficulty and misconception. In the present study all feeding-rates have therefore been calculated per hour, although for the swifts the result is a series of fractions. In other species, where the feeding rates are big enough, I have worked to the nearest whole number. The possibility cannot in most species be excluded that on particular days or in particular nests lower feeding-rate may be correlated with, and so off-set by, bigger or more numerous morsels per visit. However, in each species such cases presumably occur irrespective of number in brood, so that they would not invalidate a comparison between the means, or the ranges, of feeding-rates for the respective numbersin-brood.

The Generic Names of the Mandrill and Baboons, with Notes on some of the Genera of Brisson, 1762.

Two kinds of Baboon are included among the fossil mammals found in the middle Pleistocene deposits of Olduvai, Tanganyika Territory. One belongs to the extinct genus Simopithecus Andrews; it is closely related to the Gelada. The other was referred to Papio by Pohle, who did not give the author of the genus, but it may be assumed that he used the name as of Erxleben, 1777. This usage, now of long standing, was fixed by J. A. Allen (1925).

The Breeding Biology of Aquila verreauxi Lesson

Summary.The breeding behaviour of a family of Verreaux's Eagles at Mbulu, north‐central Tanganyika Territory, was watched, with the aid of African observers, for over 1000 hours during the later part of one breeding‐season and the whole of the next.These observations throw light on the extent of the hunting‐range, the breeding‐season, clutch‐size, incubation and fledging periods, the relative shares of the parents in incubation and in brooding and feeding the young, calls, enmity with a leopard, relations with other birds, the use of green twigs, maltreatment and death of the younger chick, the quantity and nature of prey and its preparation, the nestling's meals and fasts, the possible occurrence of the “starve‐out” process, the eaglet's preliminary efforts to leave the nest and maiden flight, and its early life on the wing until the disintegration of the family.

The Role of Pasture Development in Soil Conservation, Tanganyika Territory

The Role of Pasture Development in Soil Conservation, Tanganyika Territory

Second Supplement to the Revised List of Plant Diseases in Tanganyika Territory

Second Supplement to the Revised List of Plant Diseases in Tanganyika Territory

A MODIFIED APPARATUS FOR LEACHING SOILS

Cinchona Research Organisation 1 Soil chemist, Cinchona Research Organisation, Amani, Tanganyika Territory. The author is indebted to D. W. Duthie, soil chemist, East African Agricultural Research Station, for his keen interest in the progress of the experimental work and for many interesting and helpful discussions.

A Veterinary Glossary of Some Tribal Languages of Tanganyika Territory

A Veterinary Glossary of Some Tribal Languages of Tanganyika Territory

A Contribution to the Faunisties of Tanganyika Territory

A Contribution to the Faunisties of Tanganyika Territory

An Outbreak of an Aberrant Type of Rinderpest in Tanganyika Territory

Summary Virus of an outbreak of a disease simulating very mild rinderpest was recovered from a lymphatic gland of an affected calf. It caused a reaction in an ox when it was passaged by blood inoculation through a further series of oxen. The virus evoked a thermal reaction similar to that of rinderpest. The symptoms shown by the affected animals were not strictly constant, but the general picture of the disease was as follows. The incubation period varied from four to seven days and the duration of the thermal reaction from three to nine days. There was general dullness during and shortly after the reaction and a nasal discharge of a serous nature, becoming purulent in some cases. Conjunctivitis, erythema of the gums and fraenum linguae and ulceration of the gums, fraenum linguae, buccal papillae, mucosa of the tongue, lips and occasionally the muzzle occurred in several affected animals. There was a little diarrhoea, but it was never severe. As a result of serial passages, there was a tendency towards a shortening of the incubation period and a slight increase in the general severity of the disease, although after eight passages the infection never became what might be described as a “killing” disease. All the cattle which reacted to the virus were subsequently immune to rinderpest. Filtered blood after vigorous agitation was infective, while blood filtered without agitation failed to infect. The virus appeared to be unduly fragile. The apparent exacerbation of a latent T. theileri infection in one case by the virus is described.

A New Species of Cola from Tanganyika Territory

A New Species of Cola from Tanganyika Territory

Effects of Anti-Malarial D.D.T. Spraying on Crops at Tabora, Tanganyika Territory

"Effects of Anti-Malarial D.D.T. Spraying on Crops at Tabora, Tanganyika Territory." The East African Agricultural Journal, 12(2), p. 136

Phosphate Deposits in Tanganyika Territory

(1946). Phosphate Deposits in Tanganyika Territory. The East African Agricultural Journal: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 118-124.

The Welfare of the African Labourer in Tanganyika. By K. C. Charron, M.D. With an Introductory Note by R. R. Scott, C.M.G., M.C., Director of Medical Services, Tanganyika Territory. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer. 1944. Pp. xii + 78, 38 plates. 3s. 50c.

The Welfare of the African Labourer in Tanganyika. By K. C. Charron, M.D. With an Introductory Note by R. R. Scott, C.M.G., M.C., Director of Medical Services, Tanganyika Territory. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer. 1944. Pp. xii + 78, 38 plates. 3<i>s</i>. 50<i>c</i>.

The distribution of immunity to yellow fever in central and East Africa

1. 1. The results of a yellow fever protection test survey covering the examination of 10,274 sera collected in ten countries in Central and East Africa are presented. 2. 2. The findings have demonstrated that yellow fever has occurred recently in the Belgian Congo, Uganda, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya and Northern Rhodesia. Abyssinia has not been adequately studied and Tanganyika Territory and Zanzibar have been free of recent infection. 3. 3. The disease has occurred within recent years as far east as the Red Sea coast of Eritrea and as far south as Balovale in Northern Rhodesia. 4. 4. The area within which immunity has been demonstrated should be regarded as the endemic zone of yellow fever in Africa. The approximate boundary of this zone has been indicated.

Some Records and Field‐notes from North‐Eastern Tanganyika Territory

IbisVolume 88, Issue 3 p. 327-347 Some Records and Field-notes from North-Eastern Tanganyika Territory N. R. Fuggles-Couchman B. Sc., N. R. Fuggles-Couchman B. Sc.Search for more papers by this authorH. F. I. Elliott B. A., H. F. I. Elliott B. A.Search for more papers by this author N. R. Fuggles-Couchman B. Sc., N. R. Fuggles-Couchman B. Sc.Search for more papers by this authorH. F. I. Elliott B. A., H. F. I. Elliott B. A.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1946 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1946.tb03487.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume88, Issue3July 1946Pages 327-347 RelatedInformation

Results of Some Wheat Experiments in the Northern Province, Tanganyika Territory

Results of Some Wheat Experiments in the Northern Province, Tanganyika Territory

Erosion and tectonics in the East African Rift System

Summary From consideration of the Karroo and Jurassic structures within the Rift Zone it is suggested that major folding that took place in later Jurassic time raised locally to great height the resistant pre-Karroo complex, out of which, in successive cycles, the high-level residual plateaux have been carved. In general, throughout the Rift Zone the surviving larger tracts of Karroo and Jurassic sediments still occupy low-lying areas representing the original major synclines, but in some cases trough-faulting that succeeded the folding carried down into the elevated areas strips of sediments which were subsequently eroded to form ancestral " rifts "; within these " rifts " much of the Pleistocene rifting took place and thus formed narrow lake basins within an ancient topography. The pattern of the ancient residuals on the main watersheds of the Rift Zone indicates that these watersheds were original features on the Miocene peneplain, inherited from the great framework of the Jurassic folds. Until the rifting of about the Middle Pleistocene carried down the floor of the Nyasa and Tanganyika troughs to form the existing lakes, the history and form of these troughs differed in no essential respect from that of the Karroo troughs of the Luangwa Valley and the middle and lower Zambezi. These troughs had been developed in their present form by a prolonged sequence of planation, continental uplift, and erosion that intervened between the fracturing of the post-Karroo period and that of the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene rifting accordingly took place along existing troughs of ancient origin of which the form was accentuated by the erosion of the Miocene and Pliocene cycles. Similarly, many of the Pleistocene rift fractures of Tanganyika Territory followed ancient fault-line scarps and troughs. The major rifts of the northern part of the Rift System, including the Abyssinia Rift, also show a pronounced pre-Pleistocene phase of ancient origin preceding the Pleistocene rifting, and in two localities there is evidence, too, of movements of Lower Miocene age

Customary Law of the Haya Tribe, Tanganyika Territory. By Hans Cory and M. M. Hartnoll. Published for the International African Institute by Percy Lund, Humphries &amp; Co. Ltd., London, 1945. Pp. 299. £1. 10s.

Customary Law of the Haya Tribe, Tanganyika Territory. By Hans Cory and M. M. Hartnoll. Published for the International African Institute by Percy Lund, Humphries &amp; Co. Ltd., London, 1945. Pp. 299. £1. 10<i>s</i>.

Customary Law of the Haya Tribe, Tanganyika Territory

Customary Law of the Haya Tribe, Tanganyika Territory

Tanganyika Territory.

Journal Article Tanganyika Territory Get access Tanganyika Territory. A study of Economic Policy under Mandate. By DR. CHARLOTTE LEUBUSCHER. (Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs by the Oxford University Press, 1944. Pp. x + 217. 18s. net.) N. F. Hall N. F. Hall London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 55, Issue 220, 1 December 1945, Pages 434–437, https://doi.org/10.2307/2226035 Published: 01 December 1945