Indian State Of Tamil Nadu Research Articles

The Politics of the Humanitarian Gift Economy: Tamil Fishers and the 2004 Tsunami

AbstractWhen recipients of humanitarian aid deployed their own calculus in determining the uses of the aid, nongovernmental (NGOs) and state officials read these actions as evidence of moral deficiency. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in the aftermath of the tsunami of 2004 in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu's Nagapattinam District, this article examines such actions in terms of the contradictions they illuminated and argues for an analytical strategy that foregrounds the politics of receiving and demanding aid. Reading fisher actions criticized by NGO or state officials as implicit critiques of the aims or claims of either, this article foregrounds a reading of humanitarian “gifts” as strategic and political maneuvering. Recipients rejected both the depoliticizing allure of NGO developmentalism and the state's unwillingness to link legality with rights. In one case study, fishers instead put a gift to use in ways that suited their most pressing concerns: sustaining their coastal life and the artisanal economy. The article also problematizes the divergent tendencies of a politics of rights and a hierarchically organized politics of caste identity. For the second case study, this article critically examines how fishers struggling with shoddy NGO housing turned their political ire against a far weaker community of Dalits. [NGO, humanitarianism, neoliberalization, India, gift]

Information extraction using a mixed method analysis of social media data: A case study of the police shooting during the anti-Sterlite protests at Thoothukudi, India

During unexpected social events, information extracted from social media content posted by the people could play a crucial role in understanding the public opinion about the event. In this study, a mixed method procedure, which combines automated and human-based methods, is proposed to mine information from tweets to understand people's thoughts toward an unexpected turn of events. The proposed framework was applied on tweets posted regarding the police shooting to disperse protesters during the anti-Sterlite protests on May 22, 2018, at Thoothukudi in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The tweets were analyzed in two ways: (i) sentiment classification with automated computational methods and (ii) qualitatively examining the context of the expressed sentiments. In the case of anti-Sterlite protests, people expressed mixed emotions toward the protests for the closure of the Sterlite plant. A large negative sentiment toward the police shooting could be gleaned from the tweets. Analyzing tweets by the proposed method provides clear insights regarding the incident, which in turn will aid in planning an emergency response.

Factors associated with homelessness among women: a cross-sectional survey of outpatient mental health service users at The Banyan, India

ABSTRACT Background Homelessness has multifaceted and damaging effects on women with mental illness. This makes it imperative to identify and address the factors leading to homelessness among women with mental illness in order to inform policy on providing relevant services for this vulnerable population. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 346 women in active contact with one of four outpatient clinics at The Banyan, a non-profit organization in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. A semi-structured instrument and modified version of the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire was used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine predictive variables for homelessness among women with mental illness. Result 32.65% of participants reported a history of homelessness. Less than 5 years of schooling (OR = 2.914, 95% CI = 1.027–8.269, P < 0.05) and disrupted relationships (OR = 1.807, 95% CI = 1.23–2.655, P < 0.01) were associated with a greater likelihood of women with mental illness to experience homelessness. Conclusion In the study cohort, this was explained mainly by factors rooted in gender-based disadvantage. Further practice and research are needed to develop interventions that address issues with a sociological basis to mental illness and prevent these predictive factors.

Heronry distribution and site preference dynamics of tree-nesting colonial waterbirds in Tamil Nadu.

Anthropogenic disturbance and climate change have significantly affected the distribution of wetlands globally and particularly in Asian countries. Various types of wetlands are harboured across all the biogeographic zones in India. These wetlands provide vital ecological services and are rich in biodiversity. However, anthropogenic pressures continue to be a threat to these wetlands by affecting the flora and fauna that depend on them. Tree-nesting colonial waterbirds are vulnerable to these pressures as their colonies are typically located in wetlands and associated areas. Disturbances to these areas have resulted in the loss or shifting of many heronries. The present study was conducted in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu during the period of 2017–2019 to document the existing and previously unknown heronries of the landscape. A total of 101 heronries were documented in 22 districts. The Little Cormorant was the most dominant species, occurring in 79% of the sites, with relative abundances of 24% and 26% during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, respectively. A total of 23 tree species were utilized by the birds for nesting and Vachellia nilotica trees were used for nesting in about 25% of the heronries. 19% of the heronries were situated inside protected areas and 81% were located outside protected areas. Out of the 58 active nesting sites reported in 2005, 43 have been lost or are no longer active. Species distribution modelling with presence only data indicated that the sites with a high probability of occurrence were confined to the major waterbodies and rivers. Spatial correlation showed that the heronries were dispersed randomly across the landscape. The population dynamics within heronries and colonial nesting waterbirds’ response to various environmental factors must be monitored continuously to conserve these heronries.

Constraints Perceived by Veterinarians of Tamil Nadu State of India in Providing Veterinary Services

Objective: To determine the constraints faced by veterinarians in rendering services to the livestock farmers.
 Study Design: Ex-post facto study design
 Methodology: Data were collected from the Veterinarians in State Department of Animal Husbandry (SDAH) of Tamil Nadu, India during the year 2019 through pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and Garret ranking was used for analyzing the data. A total of 36 constraints were identified through focused group discussion and included in the questionnaire under different heads viz., Organizational, Job content Psychological, Institutional and Information delivery and administrative related constraints.
 Results: The results revealed that inadequacy of front line officers, arbitrary fixation of targets, less avenue for promotions, inadequate supporting staff and inadequate research extension linkages were identified as the major constraints that hinders the service delivery.
 Conclusion: this study suggested that the effectiveness of service could be further accentuated if the policy makers address the above constraints by strengthening research extension linkage, filling up of vacancies, down top approach in planning pro-poor livestock development policies with due recognition to the veterinarians.

An Analysis of Road Accident Patients Problems in Private Multispecialty Hospitals in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

According to the World Health Organization, globally almost 1.24 million people die yearly on the world’s roads. In the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, there were roughly 57 thousand traffic accidents in 2019. Every year, traffic inconsistencies are a major cause of death, injury, and property damage. Vehicle over speeding was the leading cause of road accident fatalities in 2019. In World Road Statistics that year, the South Asian country ranked first out of 200 for the number of road accident deaths. With the growing growth of the population and a lack of healthcare facilities in government hospitals, private hospitals have become increasingly important. Vehicle accidents have been increasing in recent years for a variety of causes, including excessive speeding, alcoholic driving, driver distractions, red light jumping, avoiding safety equipment such as seat belts and helmets, non-adherence to lane driving, and improper overtaking. Accident patients choose a hospital according to various reasons such as high-quality treatment, reputation, experienced doctors, nearby accident places and infrastructure facilities. Though the patients are facing some important problems in multispecialty hospitals after met the road accident such as advance payments, high cost of treatments, careless of doctors and nurses and lack of cleanliness of hospitals, etc. That is the reason an attempt has been made to analyse the problems. It is found that high cost, poor quality of treatment, delay for discharge are major issues while taking treatment in the hospitals. Hence, management should avoid these issues to sustain the reputation in the future.

The Willingness to Pay for Improving Drinking water supply in Tamil Nadu: A Case study of tannery water pollution in Vellore District

Tannery pollution and the resulting health impacts are a worldwide problem. Due to the cheap labour availability and tax pollution regulation leather tanning has become a popular export earning industry in countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Given its huge potential for export earnings and local economic livelihood especially for poor households, its adverse health impacts seem to have been ignored. Also thus far there has been no systematic economic valuation study in India. This also attempts to estimate the health cost of this industry to people including those very households that have made leather tanning their livelihood. Therefore the present research study aims to examine economic valuation of human health impact of the pollution from the tannery industry in Vellore district, using the Willingness to Pay method. Vellore district in Tamil Nadu state of India is purposively selected because of its larger number of tanneries.

Management strategies for acute STEMI in low- and middle-income countries: experience of the Tamil Nadu ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction programme: Management strategies for STEMI in LMIC.

Appropriate and timely management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a major challenge in developing countries due to inadequate infrastructure and trained manpower. The TN-STEMI Program was a successful STEMI system of care that was run in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Lessons learnt from this programme could help to understand the challenges and provide solutions to running similar programmes in low- and middle-income countries.

Language as an Identity: Hindi–Non-Hindi Debates in India

Non-Hindi speakers in India always accuse that Hindi is imposed on them. As language is an essential component of an individual's and group's identity particularly in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Hindi is largely seen as Aryan's language spoken by north Indians. Tensions between Hindi and non-Hindi language have roots in the British India. There were demands for linguistic states in colonial years that accelerated in post-independent India. Although an idea to create states based on language were not accepted by early Indian leadership, they were gradually created. This paper attempts to critically examine the politics of language-based identity and related tensions.

“He made me fall at the feet of a woman”: Masculine Anxieties and Dysfunctional Romance in Tamil Cult Film Subramaniyapuram (2008)

Tamil Cinema is “one of India’s largest, most prolific and increasingly significant cinemas” (Velayutham 2008, pp.1-2). Madurai genre in Tamil films is popularly known as 3M films (Murder, Mayhem and Madurai) (Damodaran Gorringe 2017, p.9). Subramaniyapuram (Sasikumar, 2008) is a Madurai film that attained cult status in both the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala since its release in 2008. A collection of essays on Subramaniyapuram edited by anthropologist Anand Pandian was published in 2013, a rare honour to be bestowed on a Tamil film in recent times. Significantly, the film’s problematic gender narrative—especially the entangled relation between the romantic plot and the masculine “plots”—is not the central subject of exploration of any of the essays in this edited collection, nor has it been discussed in depth in any critical discourse on the film so far. In this article, using Laura Mulvey’s theoretical lens as a point of departure, I argue that the female identity is crucial to the narrative functioning of the various plots of Subramaniyapuram. The film’s ultimate narrative desires, I illustrate, are in affirmation of masculine supremacy, hegemonic masculinity, and the women as femme fatales.

An empirical examination of the effects of demographic groups on socially responsible consumption behaviour

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the effects of demographic groups (i.e. gender groups, marital status groups, age groups, income groups, experience groups, education groups and occupation groups) on socially responsible consumption (hereafter SRC) behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in Chennai city, the capital of Tamil Nadu state of India. A total of 214 responses were collected during the survey. The respondents were the university staff composed of lecturer/professor, lab instructor, admin staff and support staff. A socially responsible purchase and disposal scale has been used to measure SRC behaviour amongst consumers. The convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. Independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used for hypotheses testing.FindingsFactor analyses confirmed the multidimensional structure of the SRC construct with the following axes: firms’ internal corporate social responsibility (hereafter CSR) performance, firms’ external CSR performance, firms’ environmental CSR performance and consumers’ personal social responsibility. In addition, this study found that demographic groups have no effects on SRC behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe current research will be a step forward to a richer and more inclusive understanding of the effects of demographic groups on SRC behaviour.Practical implicationsThis study would help managers to understand consumer markets, formulate strategy and develop sustainable products.Originality/valueThis study is amongst the few attempted to examine the effects of demographic groups on SRC behaviour amongst consumers. This research endeavoured to validate the multidimensional nature of the SRC construct.

Ethnography of Arunthathiyar in Poomani Novels (Piragu)

Arunthathiyar (Arunthathiyar) or the Cobbler (Chakkiliyar) called the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana regions, which lives in the list, caste -based, are an ethnic group. These are called Dalits. In Tamil Nadu, Arundhatiyar, Sakkiliyar, Madari, Adi Andhra, Pakadai, Madhika and Thottin are also known by some other names. Out of the 18% reservation given to the downtrodden people in Tamil Nadu, the law giving 3% reservation to Arundhati was passed in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in February 2009. Sakkilyar is a Sanskrit word derived from Sakkuli which is also known as Sakkili. The Sanskrit word satkuzhi means "one who eats dead beef "or" one who eats too much meat". Often known as leather workers, whose main occupation was well-irrigated agriculture, making leather for battlefields, and sewing shoes, these people lost their traditional leather business and were relegated to the status quo. At one point in history, a group of people in all parts of India were forced into the industry through religious restrictions. Realizing this situation and with the experience of his life, author Poomani can be said to have transcended all forms of casteism, superstition, untouchability, and cults, and to have created the deepest and most compelling friendship between the dominant castes and the Sakkilians in his works and to evoke social awareness.

Prediction of Future Extremes During the Northeast Monsoon in the Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu State in India Based on ENSO

Prediction of Future Extremes During the Northeast Monsoon in the Coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu State in India Based on ENSO

Farmers’ Opinion on Cost and Benefit of Agriculture Insurance

Agriculture development is an index of country’s progress because the development of all other sectors depends upon the development of agriculture sector. But, the development of agriculture is affected by natural disasters. Agriculture insurance is an only protective mechanism against the perils present in agriculture. It largely solves the problem of farmers and largely in the hands of farmers. The subscription and success of agriculture insurance is determined by its cost and benefit. If the farmers have positive opinion on cost and benefit of agriculture insurance they will come forward to subscribe and stabilize their wealth and sustain the economic growth of nation by agriculture. This phenomenon, induce the researchers to stumble upon the solution to assess the opinion of farmers on cost and benefit of agriculture insurance and to test the significant difference in the farmers’ opinion on cost and benefit of agriculture insurance. The primary data collected from 600 farmers availing agriculture insurance within Tirunelveli District in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu to make an in-depth study to address the above issues. The respondents were selected by adopting stratified random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by applying Percentage Analysis and Sign test. The study revealed that green insurance is a beneficial plan to the farmers to face the negative income shock at reasonable premium. The majority of the respondents felt that agriculture insurance has covered 0-50% risk. Sign Test proved that there is a significant difference in the opinion of farmers on the cost and benefits of agriculture insurance. Technological adoption in the estimation of loss of crop yield, prompt settlement of claims and additional perils at additional premium are suggested mission to enhance the vision of the farmers on cost and benefits of agriculture insurance. Besides, it helps the farmers to lead a peaceful life and induce them to contribute more towards sustainable agriculture development of the country.

Urban growth analysis of Tamil Nadu state, India using VIIRS DNB night data during 2012 and 2016

Cities in developing countries like India are the real drivers of multi-sectoral growth. Temporal information acquired through geo-spatial technology helps in assessing the trends in urban growth. In this context, the urban growth is analyzed for Tamil Nadu State in India, during 2012–2016 using composite VIIRS DNB (Day and Night Band) Sensor Data acquired by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. These images depict the night time illumination of different features as digital numbers. The processed VIIRS images have been classified into five categories based on the level of illumination, with high illumination level indicating presence of built up. Change detection with respect to Urban built up of entire Tamil Nadu has been carried out at two levels viz., district wise and also along the corridors. Image processing techniques have been used for classification of two time data sets and GIS has been used for change detection analysis. Based on this analysis districts have been classified into three categories viz., more, medium and less developed districts. By comparing and assessing the different corridors, western corridor is observed to have more urban growth than other areas of Tamil Nadu. A similar trend is observed from thematic maps generated using IRS AWiFS data for the same period. The study has potentials to help the policy makers and planners in developing industrial estates, improving transportation facilities, planning new industrial developments and, many other activities.

ANALYSIS OF VARIATIONS IN TREND IN NOVEL CORONAVIRUS DISEASE IN SOUTHERN TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Corona Virus Disease (COVID) is the newly identified communicable disease which originally found in China first and its spread was found all over the world. The spread made a huge impact among people around the world. In this study, the variation of trends in novel COVID spread is determined in the southern region of Tamilnadu state of India. Tamilnadu ranks in the seventh position in the total population among the 29 states in India. This can be one of the reasons for the spread of the disease. In this study, the trend patterns in the spread of disease are determined from May to November for the year 2020 in southern districts of Tamilnadu. The results of the CUSUM test indicated that all the districts had a statistically significant step jump in June. The Mann-Kendall test indicated that there is an increasing trend in June in all the districts and decreasing trend in October and November. From the results, it is suggested that the first phase vaccination can be implemented in Madurai, Virudhunagar, Kanyakumari and Thoothukudi districts.

Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Wastewater from Dairy industry

The present work is aimedto analyze Physico-Chemical parameters of wastewater effluent from a dairy industry in Chennai. The dairy industry which was taken for study purpose involves processing of raw milk into products like consumer milk, butter, cheese, ice-cream’s and other milk products.Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy industry in India is expected to grow speedily and have the waste generation and related ecological problems are also assumed increased importance. An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical characteristics of waste water generated from dairy industry near Chennai in Tamilnadu state of India. Waste water samples werecollected from the dairy industry and analyzed for pH, EC, TSS, NO3-, PO4, Cl-, Fe, BOD, COD, oil & grease

Performance of a Downstream Finned Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Air System

Abstract A new photovoltaic thermal air (PVTa) system with fins in the downstream portion of the air channel was tested for its thermal and electrical performance in this work. For this purpose, two fin configurations were opted. One is a longitudinal fin oriented longitudinally along the air channel and the other is a wavy fin placed in the direction of air flow. The experiments were conducted between June and November months of the year 2018 on daily basis in the location of Tiruchirappalli, a city in Tamil Nadu state of India (10.82 latitude and 78.70 longitude). The results indicated that the PVTa system with downstream wavy fins performed thermally better than the PVTa system with downstream longitudinal fins. A fuzzy-based model was also developed for predicting the thermal and electrical performance of the newly developed solar PVTa collector. The fuzzy model forecasted the air outlet temperature, operating photovoltaic (PV) panel temperature, and power output with a net prediction accuracy of about 95%.

Income, Employment and Saving Patterns of Migrant Women Workers in the Construction Industry

The research paper is based on income, employment and saving patterns of internal migrant women workers in the construction industry, with special reference to Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu state in India. The women workers face several problems such as wage discrimination, sexual harassment and poor sanitation in the study area. Sanitation is one of the most environment quality issues linked with population growth. Access to bathroom and restroom facilities is strong indicators. In the study, it was found that 82.4 percent of the construction workers suffer from this problem. The main objective of the study is socio-economic status, income, employment and saving patterns. The study is based on primary data collected using a pre-tested interview schedule. As the information of migrant women workers in the construction sector is not known, 100 migrant women workers were approached as respondents from each of the five zones of Coimbatore City, based on convenient sampling method. But for want of complete set of information, the response of 22 respondents was dropped and the sample size stood at 478. The study reveals that migrant women workers were working on an average five days a week and eight hours a day. In the case of current wage per day, the average wage was found to be Rs. 391. The same was Rs. 132.24 per day at their native place (before migration). On an average, migrant woman workers are saving Rs. 844.87 per month. The wage level of the migrant women workers before the migration was very low compared to the prevailing wage rate of the migrated locality. The lower wage rate in the native place was the reason for women workers to opt for migration for getting higher wage rate. Hence, the wage rate is the dominant factor responsible for the migration of women workers.

A new species of Protoplotina Miyatake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Tamil Nadu, India

Protoplotina ambigua sp. n. (Coccinellidae: Plotinini) from the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu is described and illustrated. This is the third species of the genus reported from India. Immature stages of the genus Protoplotina are briefly described and illustrated for the first time with notes on host association. A revised key to the known species of the genus is also included.