Tamil Nadu In Southern India Research Articles

PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR BHARATANATYA DANCERS

Bharatanatyam is an Indian classical dance that originated from Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a tradition steeped in Indian history and culture. Today, Bharatanatyam is a dance style that encompasses religious and non-religious themes, as well as fusion styles. Characterized by precise movements, sharp edges, and expressive body language, this tradition has delighted audiences for generations. Like many other aspects of Indian tradition, this art form has struggled through times of oppression. However, with the efforts of teachers and students all over the world, Bharatanatyam has been revived to continue to serve the people who find joy in the formal and intuitive expressions embodied in the structure of the dance. Bharatanatyam, an ancient classical dance style originating from South India, combines aesthetic beauty, spiritual expression, and physical skill. Bharatanatyam mesmerizes global audiences with its rich cultural background, exquisite footwork, beautiful gestures, and expressive narrative. The dancer's physical health is crucial for performing intricate movements with accuracy, strength, and elegance in this art form.

BHARATANATYAM ENHANCING KIDS WITH ASD & ID

Bharatanatyam is an Indian classical dance that originated in the Hindu temples of Tamil Nadu in southern India. Bharatanatyam dance is a tradition steeped in Indian history and culture. Today, Bharatanatyam is a dance style that encompasses religious and non-religious themes, as well as fusion styles. Characterized by precise movements, sharp edges, and expressive body language, this tradition has delighted audiences for generations. Like many other aspects of Indian tradition, this art form has struggled through times of oppression. However, with the efforts of teachers and students all over the world, Bharatanatyam has been revived to continue to serve the people who find joy in the formal and intuitive expressions embodied in the structure of the dance. It serves as a transforming experience that empowers youngsters with disabilities and autism. Bharatanatyam helps individuals discover their voices, build confidence, and enhance the physical and cognitive abilities needed to overcome life's obstacles. This art form facilitates communication, promoting inclusivity and comprehension among youngsters with varying abilities. Observing the beauty of Bharatanatyam in these young individuals serves as a powerful reminder of the significant influence that art and culture can have on the human spirit, surpassing boundaries and honouring diversity.

Water quality assessment: a case study in the Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu in South India

ABSTRACT A hydro-geochemical study for water-quality assessment was conducted in the Tuticorin region of Tamil Nadu in southern India during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2022 and the water samples are examined to comply with BIS and WHO guidelines. In the present study, the values of TDS (75%), Mg (37.5%), and TH (25%) have exceeded the permissible limits namely 500, 100, and 600 mg/L, respectively. The WQI proposed by CCME is used to analyze water suitability. The Pearson correlation and principal component analysis are used to study the relationship between various physicochemical parameters and principal components of water quality, respectively. Piper & Gibbs diagrams are plotted to identify the water types and the main water type predicted by the piper plot is Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 which makes up 74.3% of the the samples studied. WQI suggests that 22.5% and 50.0% specimens have excellent water quality during pre and post-monsoon seasons, respectively.

Transport and fate of textile wastewater contaminants into soil

<p>Soil was familiar earlier in the context of agriculture and food production, but industrialization contaminated soils around the world in last two centuries. Most of the contamination is due to the consequence of improper discharge of industrial wastewater and one such situation is witnessed in the agricultural land nearby textile hub of Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. It is essential to identify the contaminants depth in soil system before propose any in-situ remediation technique. There is no study reported so far to understand the transport and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants of textile wastewater in soil system. This paper investigates the transport and fate of textile wastewater in soil column of 32 cm height and 8 cm diameter. Detailed investigation demonstrates the removal of color 15-84%, organic contaminants 4-51% and inorganic contaminants 11-36% from wastewater after its transport into the soil. The reduced level of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions in soil and corresponding increase in wastewater reveals anion and cation exchange between wastewater and soil. Thus the results confirm the accumulation of residual textile dyes and inorganic salts in the soil and it is huge in surface soil of 0-15 cm depth, further it requires immediate restoration.</p>

Uncertainties in future climate projections and consequential impact on maize productivity

There exist a huge uncertainty cascade in projecting the future climate and in-turn using the same in assessing the impact on crop yields. To address the problem of projecting the future climate over Tamil Nadu in Southern India, 29 Global Circulation Models defined under coupled model inter comparison project (CMIP5) of IPCC were employed for understanding the range of deviations in future climate from current condition. Outputs of representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for mid-century were processed for impact assessment. Selected models output was forced in dynamic crop simulation model DSSAT for assessing the impact on spatial variability in maize productivity over Tamil Nadu and possible adaptation options were tailored forreducing impacts. During the Northeast Monsoon (NEM), the maximum temperature is expected to rise by 2.0 °C for RCP 4.5 and 3.0 °C for RCP 8.5, while the minimum temperature is expected to rise by 1.8 °C for RCP 4.5 and 2.4 °C for RCP 8.5 in the mid-century. Rainfall is anticipated to vary from -22.8 to 21.1% for RCP 4.5 and -31.3 to 32.6% for RCP 8.5. The magnitude of decline in yield would be more in RCP 8.5 (30.7%) over RCP 4.5 (10.6%) scenario. Impacts of future climate change could be reduced by altering the date of sowing (early sowing) to September 1st against September 15th (normal sowing) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Additional dose of (25%) fertilizer had positive response with yield increase up to 15% under future climatic conditions.

Projected Changes in Climate Over Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu in Southern India

Climate change, as well as an increase in extreme weather, are posing a serious threat to socioeconomic and livelihood security. For this study, the Cauvery delta zone (CDZ) was chosen to examine current and anticipated climate variability and trend. The four largest districts of Tamil Nadu's Cauvery delta region are Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Mayiladuthurai, and Nagapattinam. The Indian meteorological agency provided the baseline data sets (IMD). Using IPCC AR5 RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as precipitation, were investigated. The maximum temperature could rise to 1.1oC to 3.6oC, while the minimum temperature could rise to 2.8 to 4.5oC, according to the findings. It was also concluded that there will be 15-16% rise in the rainfall during end of the century.

Characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates from laying hens during 2019-2020 outbreaks in Tamil Nadu, India.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease in chickens that is a serious threat to poultry-producing countries worldwide. In the present study, we isolated and characterized infectious laryngotracheitis (ILTV) virus isolates by sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified products (PCR-RFLP). A total of 26 ILTV outbreaks were investigated that occurred between 2019 and 2020 in flocks that had not been vaccinated against ILTV. ILTV was isolated by cultivating tracheal samples in embryonated chicken eggs, which showed multiple opaque pock lesions and thickening of the chorioallantoic membrane after 120 hours of infection. The ILTV isolates were identified and characterized by PCR and sequencing a portion of the ICP4 and TK genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ICP4 region showed that the sequences clustered with chicken-embryo-origin vaccine-like strains. Sequence analysis of the ICP4 region differentiated chicken-embryo-origin (CEO), tissue-culture-origin (TCO), and field ILTV strains, with significant differences in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP analysis of the TK gene showed that the patterns were identical to those obtained with low-virulence and vaccine strains. In conclusion, sequencing of a portion of the ICP4 region of ILTV allowed differentiation of ILTV field, CEO, and TCO vaccine strains. In this study, CEO-vaccine-like strains were found to be the cause of ILTV outbreaks between 2019 and 2020 in Tamil Nadu in southern India.

Source of Menstrual Knowledge, Reaction, and Restriction during Menstruation in Chinnalapatti, Tamil Nadu: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Survey among Adolescent Schoolgirls

Background: The study aims to determine the factors associated with restriction during menstruation among adolescent girls. To find out the source of knowledge and information regarding menstruation and emotional reaction at the time of menarche. Methods: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Schools of Chinnalapatti, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu in southern India. A sample size of 116 adolescent girls aged 9–18 years. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics, socio-category, education, family income, age at menarche, emotion response at menarche, social restriction, source of knowledge, and information. Results: The mean age year of menarche was 11.72 ± 1.27 years. Most adolescent girls (52.59%) informed their mothers first menarche. Furthermore, significant participants responded that mothers and relatives were the common sources of knowledge and information regarding menstruation. Participants were not allowed to go in religious activities (99.14%), not allowed to go near plants (99%), forced to be separated from others (35.34%). Parent qualification had a significant influence on restriction during menstruation. Conclusion: A significant percentage of girls have to face many kinds of restrictions during menstruation. Socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with the types of restrictions during menstruation. The study suggests that elementary knowledge and awareness about menstruation must be dispersed by the schools/NGOs where teachers, students (male and female), and their parents should participate for better awareness, leading to overcoming the efficiency.

From Tranquebar to Madras and back again, again: Typification of the plant names published in Rottler's account of an Indian journey in 1799–1800

AbstractThe typification of names validated in a paper of 1803 concerning the plants encountered on a journey through what is now Tamil Nadu in southern India is reviewed. A number of name changes are necessitated. Psilotrichum patulum becomes the correct name for P. elliotii, Euphorbia glaucescens is the correct name for E. corrigioloides, Oldenlandia pusilla is the correct name for O. attenuata and Kohautia attenuata is the correct name for K. aspera.

To take or not to take: is the freebie culture in Tamil Nadu elections a threat to Indian democracy?

ABSTRACT The fulcrum of democracy is the electoral process. If the integrity of the electoral process is compromised then the very notion of representation becomes vacuous. In states such as Tamil Nadu in Southern India, distribution of money and promise of freebies has reached alarming levels with elections being countermanded several times. In this scenario, the danger to the system of parliamentary democracy and the Indian republic cannot be gainsaid. Therefore, this article analyses whether the people of India, especially in states like Tamil Nadu, are really concerned about governance or do they cynically participate in the evisceration of democratic electoral and political process, which is the moot point. The answer is complex and nuanced. People are concerned about governance but vote strategically due to systemic malaise. Despite being plied with allurements in the form of cash and other freebies, people, in the final analysis, vote on the basis of the performance of the government.

A Web-GIS and Mobile-Based Application for a Safe Ocean for Fishers

Abstract One of the societal outcomes envisaged for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021‐2030) is a safe ocean where the safety of operations at sea and the coast are ensured. The Indian coast is prone to tropical cyclones, and the recent Ockhi, Gaja, Nilam, and Nivar cyclones devastated coastal Tamil Nadu in southern India, particularly the fishing community. This brought into focus the need to develop tools for the safety of fishermen at sea. A user-friendly application was developed named “Thoondil” (meaning fishing rod in the local language) by the National Centre for Coastal Research and made operational by the Department of Fisheries, Government of Tamil Nadu. It comprises a web-GIS-based dashboard for the state administrators and an android application for the fishermen. The salient features of the mobile application include the compass, weather, rescue plan, offline maps that provide the route to the nearest ports, incidence reporting, weather details, and potential fishing zone. The Thoondil dashboard provides information about the users and travel details, and helps to get information about the fishermen at sea at any point of time. A two-way communication between the administrators and the fishing community is enabled. The system is available in vernacular language with more than 15,000 downloads in a couple of months. Based on user interactions, it has evolved as a pan-India application and currently replicated in Kozhikode, Kerala. The use of the app has reduced risk to the fishing community, especially during hazards and has also contributed to the resilience of the coastal fishing communities.

KIR and HLA class I diversity in Pakistani and Yadav populations: a high-resolution study of immunogenetic diversity in South Asians

Abstract Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) modulate the activity of human NK cells by interacting with HLA class I ligands, influencing their response to pathogens, cancer and during pregnancy. Combinatorial diversity of HLA and KIR allotypes impacts NK cell functions in health and disease. South Asians are under-studied for this immunogenetic diversity, despite representing almost one quarter of the world’s population. We analyzed KIR and HLA distribution of a cohort of healthy subjects comprising 81 from Karachi in Pakistan and 71 Yadav from Tamil Nadu in Southern India. To overcome genomic region complexity, we used our high throughput NGS and bioinformatics pipeline to derive high resolution gene content and allele level KIR and HLA data. We also developed a Cas9-targeted long read method to fully sequence specific structurally divergent KIR haplotypes. We identified 110 distinct HLA class I alleles in the Karachi population and 80 in the Yadav. We observed 96% individuals to have unique HLA class I genotypes and three were shown to be homozygous across all three HLA class I genes. While overall HLA diversity is lower in the Yadav compared to the Karachi, both encode approximately two KIR ligands per HLA haplotype. We identified 125 distinct KIR alleles, including 11 characterized for the first time in this study. We identified and sequenced multiple KIR haplotypes having large-scale deletions or duplications of complete genes. Most haplotypes were observed in more than one individual, but every individual studied has a unique KIR genotype. This is the first high-resolution study of KIR and HLA class I in a South Asian population, and this will lay the foundation for further immunogenic studies of subjects from this geographic region.

Assessment and Recurrence of Kidney Stones Through Optimized Machine Learning Tree Classifiers Using Dietary Water Quality Parameters and Patient’s History

Kidney stone disease is a result of combination of food items consuming, drinking water quality and genetic heritability, which has been observed to be more prone (both occurrence and recurrence) to certain geographic regimes as Thanjavur suburbs of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The research carried out involves collection of medical information of Kidneystone patients of the study area and survey of their dietary habits including drinking water quality (through laboratory study), selection of suitable classifier to model the Kidney stone recurrence with the most contributing of 22 parameters (with due model evaluation). Weka (3.8.1) machine learning framework was used for the study, for evaluating the model accuracy of 66 classifiers, resulting 22 classifiers with accuracy higher than ZeroR, which was considered to be the benchmark. Based on this study, C-4.5 classifier (called J48 in Weka) was found to be most robust classifier, based on accuracy, precision, Recall, F-Measure, MCC, ROC Area and PRC Area. The selected classifiers were again evaluated based on domain conformance (namely, literature, logic and consistency) to obtain four validated classifiers, thereby providing seven parameters and their threshold value for kidney stone recurrence, namely, family history (Yes), Sulphate (>17ppm), potassium (>74 ppm), nitrate (>1.2 ppm), salinity (>120 ppm), conductivity (<=289 ppm) and water consumption (moderate).

Redescription of the shallow water calappid Mursia spiridonovi Karasawa, 2018 (Brachyura: Calappidae) from India

Abstract Mursia spiridonovi Karasawa, 2018 known only from the western Indian Ocean, is the smallest species of the genus, measuring only 18 mm in carapace length. The species is redescribed from fresh material collected in Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is compared with similarly sized specimens of M. bicristimana Alcock and Anderson, 1894, all of which are immature. Mursia spiridonovi is characterised not only by its occurrence in shallow waters (less than 300 m depth) and small adult size but also by the prominently granular carapace and structure of the cheliped merus, male pleonal somites and gonopods.

Status of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Pigeonpea and its association with climatic variations at a hot semi-arid eco-region of Southern India

Seasonal dynamics of Helicovera armigera (Hubner) was studied on pigeonpea for eight consecutive seasons (2011 -18) at Vamban (Tamil Nadu). Onset of H. armigera was at the earliest [44 standard meteorological week (SMW)] and latest (50 SMW) in respect of 2012 and 2015, both coinciding with 16 weeks of crop age (CA). Periods of H. armigera peak varied between 47 (2012) and 5 SMWs with 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2018 seasons having peak during 13, 18, 23 and 20 weeks of CA, respectively. Status of H. armigera analyzed using one way ANOVA both on SMW and CA basis indicated the highest mean population in 2018 and the lowest during 2011. Significant correlations of H. armigera with sunshine hours (r = 0.25**; P<0.01), maximum temperature (−0.19*; P<0.05), minimum temperature (−0.17*; P<0.05) and rainy days (−0.18*; P<0.05) were noted. Increasing population levels of H. armigera with significantly rising MaxT (2.27°C), mean T (1.04°C) and reducing rainfall (−4.66°C) in addition to a declining but non-significant. MinT (−0.17°C) was the impact of climatic variability at Vamban located in East Coast plain and hills of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Identified climatic variations of current decade at Vamban (TN) could serve for studies on impact of climate change on population dynamics of other insects and diseases.

Tamil Takes Centre Stage: Tradition and Modernity in Indian Television

This paper draws attention to the role of language in mediated modernities in India through an analysis of Sirappu Pattimandram (Special Debate), a Tamil-language debate show on the politically-affiliated corporate Sun TV network in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The show provides an opportunity for the articulation of anxieties over how social and economic changes affect the private lives of Tamil speakers. These anxieties are contained through the use of Tamil-language oratory which recasts quotidian everyday problems in an ancient literary idiom that provides reassurance through imagined continuity with a glorious past.

Lineaments of Kodaikanal-Palani massif, Southern Granulitic Terrain of Tamil Nadu, India: a study using SRTM DEM and LANDSAT satellite’s OLI sensor’s FCC

In the present study an attempt has been made to study the lineaments of the Kodaikanal–Palani massif of Tamil Nadu in southern India. Lineaments extracted from eight different azimuth angles of the SRTM DEM, and Landsat-8 satellite’s OLI sensor’s FCC were integrated to generate a lineament data base for the study area. The extracted lineaments were analysed using ArcGIS and Rockworks software to obtain information regarding the number, length, predominant orientations of lineaments extracted individually from both data, and the final output. These apart spatial variation in lineament density has also been analyzed. Estimations from the final lineament output shows that, 2167 lineaments with their total length being 2997.63 km. Areas of high lineament density are found in the western and north western parts of Kodaikanal Taluk. NE–SW directions are predominant orient direction followed by those orienting in N–S and NW–SE directions, and these orientations are in agreement with the trends of the regional geological structures. Distinct variations in the estimations made of the lineaments extracted from SRTM and OLI data is found to exist. About 40 and 38% of the lineaments of the study area are discernible only in the SRTM data and OLI data, respectively and are not found in each other; only 22% of the lineaments of the study area are found commonly in both the data. Furthermore, NW–SE orienting lineaments are more discernible in SRTM data whereas N–S orienting lineaments are more discernible in OLI data. These variations underlines the fact that lineament mapping using any single data source as has been widely followed will not be adequate to give a reliable picture about the lineaments of an area, and further the study stresses the need to extract lineaments from varied satellite images and integrate them to get a reliable picture of the lineaments.

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Oziotelphusa Müller, 1887(Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Tamil Nadu, southern India.

A new species of gecarcinucid freshwater crab of the genus Oziotelphusa Müller, 1887, is described from stationary or slow-flowing bodies of water in Keeriparai near Nagercoil, in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. Oziotelphusa ravi, new species, is distinguished from its congeners by several distinct characters: the median tooth of the posterior margin of epistome forms a distinct bilobed tip in frontal view, the male pleonal somite 6 is narrowly trapezoidal and slightly wider than long with the lateral margins concave, the terminal segment of the male first gonopod is distinctly bent laterally (along the longitudinal axis) at an angle of about 45°, and the proximal part of the outer margin of the subterminal segment of the male first gonopod has a prominent deep concavity.

Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India

The overall water quality condition is explained using multiple water quality variables by developing a water quality index as a single number. The index consists of water quality variables: pH, EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrate, sodium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and lead. The present study aims to assess the drinking water quality of the study area in and around Mayiladuthurai taluk using drinking water quality index system. Seventeen water quality parameters are selected for evaluation of water quality. A data set of 20 ground water samples collected from the study area in and around Mayiladuthurai taluk, Tamil Nadu is used to evaluate the quality of water samples through arithmetic and geometric index system.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Whole Genome Sequences From Southern India Suggest Novel Resistance Mechanisms and the Need for Region-Specific Diagnostics.

India is home to 25% of all tuberculosis cases and the second highest number of multidrug resistant cases worldwide. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and resistance determinants of Indian Mycobacterium tuberculosis, particularly for the primary lineages found in India, lineages 1 and 3. We whole genome sequenced 223 randomly selected M. tuberculosis strains from 196 patients within the Tiruvallur and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Using comparative genomics, we examined genetic diversity, transmission patterns, and evolution of resistance. Genomic analyses revealed (11) prevalence of strains from lineages 1 and 3, (11) recent transmission of strains among patients from the same treatment centers, (11) emergence of drug resistance within patients over time, (11) resistance gained in an order typical of strains from different lineages and geographies, (11) underperformance of known resistance-conferring mutations to explain phenotypic resistance in Indian strains relative to studies focused on other geographies, and (11) the possibility that resistance arose through mutations not previously implicated in resistance, or through infections with multiple strains that confound genotype-based prediction of resistance. In addition to substantially expanding the genomic perspectives of lineages 1 and 3, sequencing and analysis of M. tuberculosis whole genomes from Southern India highlight challenges of infection control and rapid diagnosis of resistant tuberculosis using current technologies. Further studies are needed to fully explore the complement of diversity and resistance determinants within endemic M. tuberculosis populations.