Tamarind Leaf Research Articles

EFEKTIVITAS SEDUHAN DAUN ASAM JAWA TERHADAP KADAR HOMA-IR DAN HOMA-β PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

This study assessed the impact of tamarind leaf tea on HOMA-IR and HOMA-β levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Thirty-two patients aged 20-50 years from Sungai Ambawang District Health Center, who were not using any DM medication, participated. They were divided into control (KN) and treatment (KP) groups, with KP receiving a tamarind leaf tea infusion for 7 days. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β levels were calculated using standardized formulas based on fasting insulin and glucose levels. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant decrease in HOMA-IR levels in the KP group (p<0.05), while no significant change was observed in the KN group. Although no significant difference in HOMA-β levels was found between the two groups, the KP group showed a notable increase by 4. These findings suggest that a 7-day tamarind leaf tea infusion effectively reduced HOMA-IR levels in patients with type 2 DM, although it did not significantly affect HOMA-β levels. This study highlights the potential of tamarind leaf tea as a complementary approach for managing insulin resistance in Type 2 DM patients. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and mechanisms of action for improving β-cell function. The conclusion of this study is that steeping tamarind leaves for seven days can reduce HOMA-I levels and slightly increase HOMA-β levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Unveiling the industrial photocatalytic dye degradation of textile effluents using tailored eco-friendly AgO Nanoparticles

<p>In this study, tamarind leaf extract was used to effectively produce silver oxide (AgO) nanoparticles. Crystal violet (CV), Alizarin red (AR), Reactive black (RB), and rhodamine b (Rh B) degradation were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of AgO NPs. XRD patterns, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the AgO NPs. SEM observations showed spherical morphology size ranging at an average of 58.17 nm. Silver and oxygen were the only elements in the nanostructure, as shown by EDS chemical maps. The synthetic silver nanostructure, with a crystal size of 38 nm, was verified by X-ray diffraction to have the usual cubic structure. The nanostructure showed degradation efficiencies in Crystal violet, Alizarin red, Reactive black, and Rhodamine B, indicating excellent degradation efficiency. All of these results point to the effective production of AgO NPs without the use of any hazardous chemicals, and they point to this material as a potentially beneficial substance for eliminating toxic dye from wastewater made by commercial colouring processes.</p>

Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Extract on the Lipid Profile of Albino Rats

Tamarind are widely used as antioxidants, anti-diabetes, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-cholesterolemia. The aim of this research is to analyze the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of extracts of tamarind fruit pulp, seeds and leaves on the lipid profile of rats. Experimental research was designed with 20 male rats divided Control (C), Tamarind leaves (TL), Tamarind fruit pulp (TF), and Tamarind seeds (TS) extracts, each 500 mg/kg of body weight. All of the groups were given standard feed and induced with lard at 3 ml/rat/day for 14 days. On day 15, the rats were continued to be induced with lard and were given extracts according to each group for 2 weeks. The data obtained such as rats’ body weight, level of cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), triglycerides (TG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed using anova (P<0.05) and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that each extract had a significant effect on cholesterol, HDL and MDA levels but not on body weight, LDL and triglycerides. Levels of MDA in the group with the extract were significantly lower than the control. Tamarind pulp, seeds and leaf extracts show antihyperlipidemic activity by reducing cholesterol and HDL levels. This can be the basis for using parts of the tamarind plant as a supplement for the community to maintain fat levels.

Microbiology, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of sinom kombucha

Kombucha is a traditional drink made from a fermented sweet tea with a mixed culture known as a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (or SCOBY). Although kombucha is usually made from black tea, nowadays, kombucha can be made in various variations such as sinom beverages. Sinom is a traditional Indonesian herbal drink originating from young tamarind leaves or sinom. In addition to tamarind leaves, sinom includes other ingredients such as sugar and turmeric. Turmeric contains curcumin, which is beneficial for health because it has the ability as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and lowering blood fat or cholesterol levels. Tamarind leaves contain chemical compounds of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids/triterpenoids and are included in the group of plant extracts with antioxidant activity. These chemical compounds can be increased through the kombucha fermentation process. The concentration of turmeric rhizome used in kombucha was 0.8% (w/v), while the tamarind leaves used were 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1% (w/v). Sinom kombucha fermented for 7 days. The analysis performed included total microbes, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH, total sugar, total phenol, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. Coli growth. The fermentation process and various tamarind leaf concentrations have significant effects in total microbes, total LAB, total sugar, total phenol, IC50. The antibacterial activity is affected by fermentation but not by the variations in tamarind leaf concentrations. The best tamarind leaves concentration of kombucha sinom beverages was at 0.6%, which has a pH value of 3.81, total sugar content of 7,58%, and total phenol content of 240.9 µg GAE/mL, IC50 value of 159.84 ppm, total microbial count 3.37 x 107 CFU/mL, total LAB of 4.63 x 105, antibacterial activity against E. coli of 3.1 mm, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus of 3.27 mm.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN ASAM JAWA (Tamarindus indica L) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acne DAN BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The goal of this research is to find out the capability of tamarind leaf ethanol extract (Tamarindus indica Linn) to inhibit the maturationof Propiomibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria as well as the optimal concentration of tamarind leaf extract that can do so. Using 96% ethanol as a solvent, maceration was used for extraction. Antibacterial activity testing uses the agar diffusion method by means of discs. According to studies on the antibacterial action of tamarind leaf ethanol extract opposed tothe bacteria Propionibacterium acne and Psedomonas aeruginosa, at a concentration of 20%, the extract can already block the development of bacteria in the medium range, while at a concentration of 80%, the extract can inhibit bacterial growth in the strong category. The one-way anova method and the LSD test were used to examine the antibacterial activity test findings. According to Anova data, the test bacteria were suppressed at doses of 20%, 40%, 60%, & 80%. Effective concentrations to inhibit Propionibacterium acne bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, & 80%. The measurement of the area of bacterial growth inhibition increases with tamarind leaf extract concentration. Flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids can be found in tamarind leaf ethanol extract. Tamarind leaf ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against Propionicaterium acne and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and has an inhibition zone at 80% concentration with an average diameter of 25.83 cm and 17.66 cm.

Characteristics and evolution of bioethanol from Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce) leaf through fermentation

<p>This study's two primary goals are to synthesize bioethanol from biowaste and examine its thermal characteristics. Bioethanol must first undergo a comprehensive assessment of its thermal characteristics in order to be approved for usage in spark-ignition engines. A multi-step procedure comprising extraction, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation was used to manufacture the bioethanol. The raw material was put through a preliminary screening using thermogravimetric analysis to find the mass loss rate as a function of temperature before to starting this process. Remarkably, the Manila tamarind leaves exhibited the highest mass loss, up to 34%. Enzymatic cellulose conversion to fermentable sugars was a critical step in the production of cellulosic ethanol. Following hydrolysis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed in the fermentation process, leading to the bioethanol synthesis phase. The Manila Tamarind leaves yielded the most, around 29% by weight, which is amazing. In order to assess the thermal properties of the extracted ethanol, a variety of parameters were carefully examined, including the viscosity, density, cetane number, and calorific value. In each of these areas, mixtures of tire oil, gasoline, and bioethanol consistently outperformed the others. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry spectra were utilized to validate the concentrations of potential groups, including alcohol, aromatic, alkyne, amide, and carbonyl groups. Clear objectives guide the fermentation process, aiming for consistent quality, safety, and functionality in the end product.</p>

Molecular structure of dissolved organic carbon in a sandy soil receiving contrasting quality organic residues

Decomposing plant residues release plant-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which can be transformed by microorganisms resulting in microbial-derived DOC (DOC biological function). The adsorbability of DOC to mineral surfaces, determined by DOC chemistry (DOC chemical function), can affect its vertical distribution down soil profiles (D). This study investigated the temporal characteristics (T) and functions (bioavailability, adsorbability) of DOC across the profile of a sandy soil by using chemically contrasting quality (Q) residues: 1) high-cellulose rice straw (RS), 2) nitrogen-rich groundnut stover (GN), 3) lignin-rich dipterocarp leaf litter (DP), and 4) medium-nitrogen and -lignin tamarind leaf litter (TM). Soil samples were collected at two depths (0–15 cm and 60–80 cm) two and eight weeks after residue application, and water-extractable DOC was determined. For the first time, the chemical structure of the extracted DOC was characterized using pyrolysis coupled with mid-infrared spectroscopy (Py-MIRS). The dominant functional groups found in all DOC samples were aromatic, carboxyl, and polysaccharide compounds. The interactive effects of Q, T, and D (soil depth) influenced DOC-polysaccharides, with the most pronounced effect observed in the RS treatment during the early stage, indicating that DOC-polysaccharides were mainly plant-derived. Evidence of partial adsorption of DOC-aromatics and DOC-carboxyls was found in topsoils. These high molecular weight-DOC functional groups may have displaced adsorbed polysaccharides, resulting in higher subsoil DOC-polysaccharides than topsoil, especially under DP and TM. During the later stage, topsoil DOC-polysaccharides were negatively related to microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) (R2 = 0.938). This relationship led to our hypothesis that the dominant source of DOC-polysaccharides, particularly in the TM treatment, was of microbial origin. A novel discovery from this study is that the chemical quality of plant residues, which serve as the source of DOC, determines the origin of the polysaccharides in DOC. This origin transitioned from plant-derived to microbial-derived as decomposition progressed. Importantly, the presented findings were the first of its kind based on a field experiment.

Potensi Ekstrak Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada Resin Akrilik Heat-cured

Heat-cured acrylic resin is a material that is often used as a denture base. However, heat-cured acrylic resin is porous which can be a site for plaque accumulation. Streptococcus mutans is a microorganism that initiates plaque formation. Therefore, the cleanliness of the denture must always be maintained, one of which is by immersing the denture in 0.5% NaOCl solution. However, NaOCl can fade the color of acrylic resin and is corrosive. Alternative materials that can be used are materials derived from nature. Tamarind leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds that have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of tamarind leaf extract at several concentrations that could inhibit the growth of S. mutans on heat-cured acrylic resin and the concentration that had the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans on heat-cured acrylic resin. This type of research is a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Each acrylic resin plate will be contaminated with S. mutans for 24 hours and then immersed in the tamarind leaves extract concentration of 3.125%; 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%, positive control (NaOCl 0,5%), and negative control. The measurement of the number of S. mutans was carried out using a spectrophotometer. . The results showed that tamarind leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans on heat-cured acrylic resin and the highest concentrations in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans on heat-cured acrylic resin were 12.5% and 25%.

Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) Against the Inhibitory Power of Escherichia coli Bacteria

Tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) contain compounds including saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. The content of tannin compounds in tamarind leaf extract (Tamarindus indica L.) is known to be used as an antidiarrheal bioagent. This study aims to identify antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria based on the potential of tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) as an anti-diarrheal bioagent. The design of this research is an experimental laboratory with randomized group design. The samples in this study were divided into 2 control groups, namely negative control (sterile aquades), positive control (ampiciilin), and 3 treatment groups, namely old and young tamarind leaf extract groups with each concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with the number of samples for each treatment group as much as 3. Test the effectiveness of antimicrobials using the solid dilution method. The effectiveness of antimicrobials is demonstrated by the large diameter of the inhibitor on Muller Hilton Agar media. The results showed that the inhibitory power of young tamarind leaf extract ranged from 13.8 mm to 14.9 mm, while the inhibitory power of old tamarind leaf extract ranged from 10.7 mm to 11.9 mm, so that the inhibitory power of young tamarind leaf ethanol extract was greater than the type of old tamarind leaf ethanol’s extract.

Assessing the effectiveness of turmeric and tamarind leaves extract cream as anti-aging in vivo

Turmeric and tamarind leaves extract creams have potential as anti-aging agents, but their use has never been studied in vivo. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of turmeric and tamarind leaves extract cream in maintaining skin quality in vivo. This research was carried out by applying turmeric and tamarind leaf extract cream to 24 volunteers (having received approval from the ethical commission). Variables observed included sebum content, pore size, pigment content, moisture or moisture content, elasticity and collagenase content. The results showed that turmeric and tamarind leaves extract cream can increase sebum content up to 31.1%, reduce pore size to 0.017 mm, increase pigment content up to 13.2%, moisture up to 54.2%, elasticity up to 21.4% and collagenase content up to 37.3%.

Amniotic Membrane Transplant: About A Case in Mali

The amniotic membrane graft consists of suturing a fragment of membrane on the de-epithelialized area with a few separate stitches. We report a case of amniotic membrane transplant on keratitis following the local use of a traditional treatment in Mali. It was of a case of amniotic membrane transplant performed in Mali in the management of bilateral keratitis occurring following eyewash with a decoction made from cooked tamarind leaf in a 36-year-old man. We used a 3cm/3cm square AMTRIX® Amniotic Membrane from the Banque de Tissus de France. The membrane was grafted in Patch on the two eyes of our patient, this allowed us to have good healing and improved visual acuity. The use of the amniotic membrane in the management of keratitis gives good functional and anatomical results. She is now possible, However, its availability and cost remains a challenge for our developing countries.

Ameliorative Effect of Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica) Aqueous Extract against Inflammation via Modulating Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Mediators in Wistar Rats

Inflammation affects many illnesses, like metabolic conditions, psychotic neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Hence, many anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed by professionals. These drugs may have adverse effects. Many natural and plant-origin bioactive compounds have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of tamarind leaves was evaluated using an animal model. The present research concluded that the tamarind leaf supplementation decreased cholesterol, triglycerides LDL and VLDL levels and hence possess hypolipidemic effects on rats. Tamarind leaves supplementation also showed an antioxidant effect through increasing SOD, catalase and reduced glutathione activities. Tamarind leaves supplementation also showed an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing IL-6 and COX-1 as well as increasing IL-10 levels in serum and kidney, but no significant difference was observed in TNF-α, COX-2 and 5- LOX levels. Tamarind leaves reduce oxidative stress and inflammation by restoring the body's natural antioxidant equilibrium and controlling the production of inflammatory mediators. Thus, tamarind leaves can be used as a functional food and nutraceutical to reduce inflammation.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TAMARIND LEAF (Tamarindus indica L.) ETHANOL EXTRACT ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Porphyromonas gingivalis

ABSTRACTBackground: One of the initial measures to prevent chronic periodontitis is the use of mouthwash. Chlorhexidine is an antibacterial agent that can be used as a mouthwash. Chlorhexidine has side effects so that a new method is needed to prevent periodontitis with fewer side effects, namely by using plants as a medicine, one of the plants containing active compounds with antibacterial effects. The ethanol extract of tamarind leaf is proven to contain active compounds of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of tamarind leaf (Tamarindus indica L.) leaf against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Material and methods: The research is an experimental laboratory type using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), namely the paper disc diffusion method with the test material of ethanol extract of tamarind leaf (Tamarindus indica L.) in various concentrations, namely: 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5 %, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Results: Based on the results of the research on the antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extract of tamarind leaf with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5% with an average diameter of 0.00 mm of inhibition zone. At concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%, they fall into the medium criteria group, because they have an average inhibition zone diameter of 5.21 mm, 7.45, and 9.16 mm, so that the concentration of 100% is closest to the average the mean diameter of the positive control group or chlorhexidine. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of tamarind leaf (Tamarindus indica L.) has an antibacterial effect that can inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria at a concentration of 100% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.16 mm. Keywords: Antibacterial, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tamarind leaf

The antiaging cream characteristics from extract of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) rhizome and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) leaves

Chemical-based cosmetics tend to have adverse side effects on human skin so that public awareness arises to use cosmetics made from natural ingredients that do not have side effects. Extract cream of turmeric and tamarind leaf is one of the cosmetics made from natural ingredients that has the potential to replace chemical-based cosmetics. This study aims to determine the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value and perfume type to get the cream with the best characteristics, an extract mixture concentration of turmeric rhizome and tamarind leaves used in the manufacture of anti-aging cream, and its application. The experiment used randomized block design with HLB treatment: 9,10,11 and the perfume type : 1,5% jasmine, 2% champagne, 2% rose, while the mixed treatment of turmeric extracts and tamarind leaves extracts were used with the concentration of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5%. The application of the cream to experimental animals, using 36 wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), treated without cream, smeared with placebo cream, smeared with cream of a mixture of tamarind leaves and turmeric extracts, for 4 weeks all groups of rats received exposure chronic UV-B rays 840 mJ/cm. The results showed that the type of perfume had a significant effect on the dispersion, but HLB and the type of perfume had a significant effect on overall acceptance. HLB 10 cream in all types of perfumes showed the best cream characteristics. The lowest anti-collagenase IC50 value was obtained in the cream with a 5% concentration of turmeric extract and tamarind leaves, IC50 value: 0.36 g/ml. Application of cream mixture of turmeric rhizome extract and tamarind leaves with a concentration of 5% gave a significant effect on the decrease in MMP-1 expression up to 12.147+2.380 μg/ml and increase the amount of collagen by 23. 67% in the skin of wistar rats.

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica L) Dengan Metode DPPH (1,1 Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil)

Tamarind leaves are plants that contain flavonoids that act as antioxidants. In the extract of Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus Indica L), there are active compounds in the form of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The content in tamarind leaves can provide benefits, especially for health. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of tamarind leaves. The sample was used in the form of ethyl acetate fraction from tamarind leaf extract where the antioxidant analysis method used is the DPPH (1.1 Diphenyl-2-Pikrylhydrazil) reduction method which functions as a free radical compound. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of tamarind leaves (Tamarindus Indica L) was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 516 nm with various concentrations of 20,30,40,50, and 60 ppm. The comparison used is quercetin. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of tamarind leaves (Tamarindus Indica L) has strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 20.05 g/mL as the standard for strong antioxidant activity is in the range of 10-50 g/mL.

Pengaruh Fraksi Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) terhadap Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Diinduksi Parasetamol

Liver and kidneys play a role in the metabolism and excretion of substances that enter the body, they become targets for toxicity from xenobiotics and other chemicals including drugs. Exogenous antioxidants are needed to overcome and prevent oxidative stress. Fraction of tamarind leaf extract (Tamarindus indica L) has antioxidant activity, it has the potential to protect the body from free radicals. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving tamarind leaf fractions on AST, ALT and creatinine levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with paracetamol. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I was given paracetamol induction (negative control), group II was given the ethyl acetate fraction and induced paracetamol, group III was given the n-hexane fraction and induced paracetamol, and group IV was without treatment (positive control). Statistical analysis using One Way Anova test and LSD (Post Hoc) showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was not significantly different (p-value >0.05) with the positive control group and the n-hexane fraction group, but significantly different from the negative control group (p -value

Screening of Effective Leaf Extracts for Weed Management in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult)

Field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in January 2022 by seven different leaf extracts as an allelopathical compound in order to choose the best alternative to chemical herbicides by non-chemical weed management approach in little millet owing to the great surge of organic farming in millet production nowadays. Screening trail has been conducted to observe the effect of leaf extracts (Tamarind,Casuarina,Castor,Papaya, Teak,Pine,Nerium) with 20 & 30% concentration on weed control. This experiment laid out in a randomized block design and was replicated twice with 15 different treatments. The findings of this investigation demonstrated that the pre emergence (3 DAS) application of Tamarind leaf extract (30%), Casuarina leaf extract (30%). Castor leaf extract (30%). Papaya leaf extract (30%). Teak leaf extract (30%). Pine leaf extract (30%) and Nerium leaf extract (30%) pronounced the lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency among fifteen treatments. Based on the results of the experiment, it was concluded that pre emergence application of any different leaf extract among the fifteen treatments, Tamarind, Casuarina, Castor, Papaya, Teak, Pine, and Nerium leaf extracts with 30% concentration had found the allelopathic potential to reduce the weed density and recorded high weed control efficiency with no phytotoxicity on the little millet.

Effect of Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica leaf extract and evaporative cooling on the quality characteristics and shelf life of sapota (Manilkara zapota)

Tropical fruits such as Sapota (Manilkara zapota) are highly perishable. The main reasons for the quality deterioration of these fruits are field heat and microbial attack, which can be reduced by proper cooling techniques and by using antimicrobial agents. The present study was undertaken to extend the shelf life of Sapota using evaporative cooling and antimicrobial coating, namely, neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica), at different concentrations (20, 50 and 100%). Coated Sapota fruits were stored for 24 days, whereas uncoated fruits were stored for only 7 days. Both the selected antimicrobial extracts showed antimicrobial activity, and the cooling efficiency of the evaporative cooling chamber was 81-85%. Fruits were cooled to 15-18°C (core temperature), which could enable retention of physio-chemical properties. The results indicated that fruits coated with the highest level (100%) of antimicrobial extract coating (neem leaves and tamarind leaves) and stored under evaporative cooling conditions had the lowest percentage loss in weight (5-7% after 24 days of storage) and good retention of total soluble solids (1-2%), pH (2-3%) and total sugars (3-5%). Thus, coating Sapota fruits with neem leaves and tamarind leaf extracts and storing them under evaporative cooling conditions can be a better way to enhance the shelf life of sapota.

THE EFFECT OF TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA) LEAF EXTRACT OINTMENT IN CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE BACTERIA PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES THAT TRIGGERS ACNE

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a versatile plant, findable in Indonesia (Java, Bali, North Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi). The leaves are green to brown, round, 1-2.5 cm long and 4-8 mm wide, rounded tips, rounded base of blades, and flat edges. The content contained in tamarind leaves such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids is believed to inhibit Propionibacterium acnes activity. This study aims to determine the effect of tamarind leaf extract ointment in controlling the growth of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes that triggers acne. This study applied a Completely Randomized Design with 96% ethanol maceration method. Propionibacterium acnes was evidenced by the inhibition zone formed. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the 25% ointment was 1.235 cm, the 30% concentration was 1.385 cm, the 35% concentration was 1,680 cm, and the ointment base was 0 cm. The ANOVA test showed a significant value of 0.000<0.05, so there was a significant difference between the inhibition zone and the 95% confidence level. The results of Post Hoc test were P<0.05, meaning that there was a significant difference between the bases with formulas 1, 2, and 3. Thus, tamarind leaf extract ointment had a strong inhibitory effect on Propionibacterium acnes.

Potensi Limbah Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarandus Indica L.) Sebagai Teh Antidiare

Diarrhea is an increased frequency and decreased consistency of stool when compared to normal individuals. Giving chemical medicine which consumed continuously, can cause negative side effects for the body. So it takes an effort to find sources of anti-diarrheal medicine that minimize side effects to the body. One source of medicine that can reduce side effects on the body is traditional medicine from local plants. One of the efforts to find a new source of anti-diarrheal medicine is to use tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) which will be developed into an anti-diarrheal bioagent. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving water extract of tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) fresh old leaves and young leaves to the experimental male Mus musculuus diarrhea positive. This research used three stages of research, namely the preparation of fresh old leaves and young leaves tamarind (Tamarindicus indica L.) leaf water extract, extract testing using 1% FeCl3 and UV-VIS spectrophotometer and testing using male Mus muscullus experimental animals. The results of this study indicate that the tannin content contained in the water extract of tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) is higher based on testing using 1% FeCl3 and UV-VIS septrophotometer and is more effective in overcoming diarrhea in experimental animals Mus muscullus based on changes in fecal consistency animal try to the Mus muscullus. Key words: diarrhea; tannins; tamarind; water extract