Tama City Research Articles

Actors and Spatial Characteristics of Local Non-profit Organizations

Recently, “the shift from government to governance” has been discussed widely in Japan. While the third sector has gained power around the world, non-profit organizations have also been expected to be actors in governance in Japan. This paper examines the spatial charac non-profit organizations and particularly looks at the non-profit organizations working scale. Local non-profit organizations are also counted on as actors in local governance.While the spatial characteristics of non-profit organizations have been discussed in the field of geography abroad, there has been little research on them in Japan. Moreover, there is also little geographic research on actors in non-profit organizations in terms of spatial characteristics, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the background of spatial distribution of non-profit organizations in a metropolitan area, with special attention to the actors in non-profit organizations and their development. The research area was the Tokyo metropolitan area and Tama city, which is located in the western suburbs of Tokyo. In addition, the paper focuses on non-profit organizations with corporate bodies. The results of the analysis and discussions are summarized as follows.First, the spatial distribution of non-profit organizations in the Tokyo metropolitan area was examined, with the following results. 1) While many non-profit organizations are concentrated in central Tokyo, many are also located in suburban areas, especially in the western part of Tokyo. 2) The spatial range of activities differs between non-profit organizations in central Tokyo and those in the suburban area. While many of the former work in a wide area from global to regional ranges, many of the latter work on a local scale.Second, the case study of Tama City in Tokyo's western suburbs yielded the following results. 1) There are more married female staff who support the daily activities of non-profit organizations, and in many cases they work part time or as volunteers. This result illustrates the effect of the gender division of labor. 2) Contemporary local non-profit organizations have been developed based on city-wide sentakuen (selective networks of personal contacts related to their own residence) formed over time. These points are especially characteristic of suburbs. Therefore, these results explain why many local non-profit organizations are in suburban areas, especially Tokyo's western suburbs. Moreover, considering, all results at the actor level, it appears that the spatial distribution of local non-profit organizations reflects the socioregional structure of the Tokyo metropolitan area.

自立高齢者を支える地域環境整備の条件に関する研究 : 多摩市「いきがいデイサービス」利用者の地域生活に着目して

In this paper, we considered the conditions of the social support system and community environment for the independent elderly people by analyzing and understanding their social life in local community, based on the hearing investigation of 43 users of Ikigai Day Service Center in Tama city of Tokyo. As this study was focused on the independent elderly people, especially just before level of the elderly who becomes to need nursing care service, the result of this study will be useful for improving the social support system and community environment at the viewpoint of preventive approach in nursing care needs. It was found from the result that the independent elderly people's social life in local community is formed by interactions of various conditions, and there are several types in their social life in local community. Therefore, it is very important to improve the conditions of social support system and community environment and to provide independent elderly people with the suitable supporting environment through the well-consideration for the characteristics of each type.

自立高齢者の地域支援施設のあり方に関する考察 : 多摩市いきがいデイサービスセンターの利用実態と利用者の特性

自立高齢者の地域支援施設のあり方に関する考察 : 多摩市いきがいデイサービスセンターの利用実態と利用者の特性

公共施設ストックの空間再編のための機能諸室の捉え方に関する調査 : 東京都多摩市を対象として(建築計画)

Recently we are paying more attention to global environment, constraints of resources and sustainable development. Repair and reuse are more effective in terms of economy and environment than rebuilding. In Tama City, public facilities were intensively constructed and in a relatively short period of time, while the population structure and needs are continuously changing. In this study, we grasped the public facilities analyzing its spatial representation of room functions and construction materials, grouping volumes with similar construction specifications in order to reorganize the public facilities providing a reuse technique.

Self-Rated Health and Social Factors ii the Urban Japanese—A Study of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

Self-rated health is one of the most common measures of health status in the health sciences. However, little is known about its social and psychological background. In the present study, we evaluated a total of 13,034 subjects identified from a 2001 survey in Tama City, Japan. The study design was cross-sectional and targeted individuals aged 65 years or older. Data, including medication use, socio-economic factors, lifestyle and instrumental ADL were collected via self-administered questionnaires. A decrease in self-rated health with age was noted both in men and women. Factor analyses showed these factors clustered into 4 unrelated groups in men and 5 groups in women. A theoretical model with four latent and 14 manifest variables was formulated by AMOS 5.0 (SPSS, Japan). There were four latent variables. In the present study, relationships between these four latent variables were examined. The findings showed that decreases in yearly income, daily activity, and poor social support could disrupt the balance of health in elderly populations. The structural equation models (SEMs) could comprise schematically a new ordered nature of self-rated health and social circumstances.

Helicobacter pylori Infection among Patients Visiting a Clinic in Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture

We examined Helicobacter pylori infection in patients who visited the Iso Clinic (Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture) with abdominal complaints, and determined the prevalence of H. pylori infection by age, sex, endoscopic diagnosis, abdominal complaint, gastric mucosa, and living environment. Peptic ulcer disease was observed in 23.2% of the patients examined with endoscopy, but there was no association between abdominal complaints and the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high among patients with peptic ulcer disease and atrophic gastritis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in the generation born before tae start of the period of rapid economic growth (71.5%) than in the generation born afterward (64.8%). No significant difference was observed between males and females. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high in those who drank well water during childhood and those who were raised in a house with a nonflushing of toilet (67.2% and 67.5%, respectively). There were no associations with river basin of residence, alcohol consumption, or smoking. The prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients who visited Iso Clinic was higher than that among patients seen at Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Nippon Medical School (Tama City, Tokyo). The difference is attributable to the higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in the elderly.

緑道空間における植栽と犯罪不安感に関する研究

In urban residential areas, a city park is a place of recreation and relaxation for people. A park with beautiful planting is indispensable to make a good living environment. On the other hand, crimes occurred in the open air, such as a park, are regarded as an issue as the result of recent crime rate rise in Japan. I analyze the spatial characteristics of tree-lined sidewalk that may cause a fear of crime, and attempt to gain knowledge of what a safe and comfortable park should be like, a park in which people could walk through and play without fear. My study is conducted at two city parks and its surrounding pedestrian space in Tama City located west side of Tokyo. First, questionnaire surveys of living environmental awareness are conducted to inhabitants living near the parks. The five spaces where they feel fear are figured out. Secondly, the formation of planting (shape, allocation, classifications of trees), the sidewalk configurations (shape, width, slope) and the depth of sight (the horizontal distance from viewpoint to an obstacle in five directions of visible extent) of the five spaces are examined to analyze these relation. Finally the reason why they get frightened is analyzed with drawing up ground plan and elevation for the relation.

空間言語(地景名)からみた集落空間の組織化と構成原理について : 農村集落の空間的整序性に関する研究・その1

This paper reports the concept of spatial, composition and organization of shuraku (settlements) in rural area. The study is based on the results from the investigation carried out at Karakida in Ochiai-dis-trict, Tama City, Tokyo from 1984 to 1985. Karakida is one of typical rural settlements situated in the suburbs of Tokyo. The number of spatial languages collected in Karakida is 74. The spatial language could be classfied into 10 groups and 4 categories. The main results are follows ; 1) The study method by spatial language is effective to analyze the spatial composition of shuraku as a living space. 2) The classification and categorization of spatial language showed clearly the object and the content of inhabitants recognition to their common space. 3) The main concepts drawed and proved about spatial composition and organization of shuraku are follows ; (1)territory (2)access (3)heart (4)division and knotting (5)orientation. 4) This paper indicates the existence of the second spatial language as an immanent order that integrates 5 main concepts, for example, Uchi(inner) and Soto(outer), Kami(upper) and Shimo(under), Mae(front) and Ura(back), Oku(inner part) and Omote(outside).